江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市八校2022-2023學年高二下學期期末英語試卷（含解析）

第第頁江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市八校2022-2023學年高二下學期期末英語試卷（含解析）江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市八校2022-2023學年高二下學期期末英語試卷

學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

一、閱讀理解

WARNERBROS.STUDIOTOUR

Stepontoauthenticsets,discoverthemagicbehindspecialeffectsandexplorethebehind-the-scenessecretsoftheHarryPotterfilmseries.

DiscoverytheiconicHogwartsGreatHallandexploretheForbiddenForest,allbeforeboardingtheoriginalHogwartsExpressatPlatform93/4andwanderingdownDiagonAlley.

FINDTHEBESTROUTEFROMYOURLOCATION

Regularshuttlebuses,operatedbyMullany’sCoaches,runfromWatfordJunctiontotheStudioTourwithajourneytimeofaround15minutes.Busesrunevery20minutesfrom9:20a.m.(withadditionalservicesavailablefrom8:15a.m.whenthefirsttourisat9a.m.).

TheStudioTour’snearestrailwaystationisWatfordJunctionanddirectservicesarrivetherefrombothLondonEuston(20minutesjourney)andBirminghamNewStreet(1hourjourney).Othernon-directtrainservicesoperatefromLondonEuston,butpleasebeawarethatthesemaytakelongertoarriveatWatfordJunction.

ParkingisprovidedfreeofchargeinourcarparkdirectlyoutsidetheStudioTour.Anumberofbluedisabilitybadgeparkingbaysareavailableclosetothemainentrancefortheconvenienceofoureligiblevisitors.Whenenteringthecarpark,pleasemakesureyouhaveyourbookingconfirmationreadytoshowourCarParkingTeam.

PriorityParkingislocatednexttotheStudioTourentranceandisavailabletopurchasesonlinewithyourStudioTourricketsforanadditional$10.PriorityParkingisonlyavailabletopre-bookonlineaheadofyourvisitandcannotbepurchasedontheday.

1．Howlongwillittakeifyoutakeanon-stoptrainfromLondonEustontoWatfordJunction

A．20minutes.

B．1hour.

C．Morethan1hour.

D．15minutes.

2．Whatwouldadisabledpersonhavetodoforparking

A．Bookinadvance.

B．Showtheticket.

C．Payanextra10pounds.

D．Takethehealthcertificate.

3．What’sspecialaboutWarnerBros.StudioTour

A．Visitorsmaychoosepriorityparkingforfree.

B．Visitorscanhaveanimmersiveexperience.

C．VisitorscandiscoverthereasonwhyHarryPorterissuccessful.

D．TravelerscantaketheHogwartsExpressatKing’sCrosstotheWarnerBros.Studio.

GrowingupinaJamaican-Americanhousehold,foodwasanimportantpartofmychildhood.Iremembermygrandmotherpreparingfrieddumplingsandcurrymutton,jazzmusicplayinginthebackground.Foodwasourgreatesttreasure.Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.Foodcelebratednewbeginningsandeasedthewoundsoflife’suntimelyendings.

WhenIwas8,Iwasdiagnosedwithamuscledisease,whichcausedmetospendmostofmychildhoodinhospitalroomsandwheelchairs,slowlygainingweightbyswallowingprednisone(腎上腺皮質激素)hiddeninsidemintchocolatechipicecream.Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.However,asanadult,Ibegantoexperienceaparalyzingfearoffood.My“I’llstartanewdietonMonday”mind-setlastedfor16yearsasIuncontrollablyateandabusedmybody.IwasworriedthatIwasnotattractiveenough.SoobsessedandafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2023Iattemptedsuicideandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.

Wedoextremethingstoourbodiesbecauseofthosenumbers.Numbersthatcannottalkwithusorloveus.Ihavehadtostopjudgingmybelly,stopstarvingmyself,stopgettingonthescaleandstaringatthosenumbers.IhavecometotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.

4．Whatroledidfoodplayinauthor’schildhood

A．Ithealedherphysicalwounds.

B．Itstrengthenedthefamilybond.

C．Itwasasourceoffamilyincome.

D．Itmarkedtheendofsomeone’slife.

5．Whatmadethemotherfeelclosertoherdaughter

A．Makingcookingherdailyduty.

B．Limitingtheauthortoastrictdiet.

C．Raisingtheauthorasasinglemom.

D．Preparinghealthyfoodfortheauthor.

6．Whatwastheimmediatecauseoftheauthors’attemptedsuicide

A．Herworseninghealthstate.

B．Heranxietyaboutunemployment.

C．Herintensehatredforfood.

D．Herlosingthefightwithherdisease.

7．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutherweightnow

A．Nervous.B．Satisfied.

C．Disgusted.D．Unconcerned.

Ifyou’veeveremergedfromtheshowerorreturnedfromyourwalkwithacleverideaorasolutiontoaproblemyouhadbeenstrugglingwith,itmaynotbeasurprise.Ratherthanconstantlyconcentratingonaproblem,researchfromthelast15yearssuggeststhatpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavecreativebreakthroughswhenthey’redoingahabitualtaskthatdoesn’trequiremuchthought.

“Peoplealwaysgetsurprisedwhentheyrealizetheygetinteresting,novelideasatunexpectedtimes,”saysKalinaChristoff,ascientistattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVancouver,“becauseourculturetellsusthatweshoulddoitthroughhardwork.”

Nowresearchersbegintounderstandwhythesecleverthoughtsoccurduringmorepassiveactivitiesandwhat’shappeninginthebrain.Theyhavefoundthatthekeyisaseriesofbrainactivities—withinwhat’scalledthedefaultmode(DM)network—thatoccurwhileanindividualisrestingorperforminghabitualtasksthatdon’trequiremuchattention.

“Simplyput,itisastatethatyourbrainreturnstowhenyou’rerelaxed,”explainsChristoff.“Bycontrast,whenyou’reworkingonademandingtask,thebrain’sexecutivecontrol(EC)systemskeepyourthinkingfocused,analytical,andlogical.”

ResearchersfindthattheDMnetworkisalsoinvolvedintheearlystagesofideageneration,drawingfrompastexperiencesandknowledgeabouttheworld.Whenyourmindwanders,you’reallowingthoughtstoplayfullycrossyourmind,whichhelpsyoucombineinformationandideasinnewwaysandsomethingclicks.

“Acautionarynote:WhiletheDMnetworkplaysakeyroleinthecreativeprocess,itistheECsystemsthathelpyoutoevaluateandapplythecreativeideaseffectivelytoyourproblemsintherealworld,”Christoffsays.“Soit’sunwisetoplaceblindfaithinthediscoverythatcreativeideascanbegeneratedintheshowerorduringanyotherkindsofmindwandering.Instead,youhavetodotheworktosetthegroundworkforcreativeideastoemergeinthefirstplace.”

8．WhatisthemostunlikelyfunctionoftheECsystems

A．Tostartyourthinkingprocess.B．Tohelpyouanalyze.

C．ToletyougetnovelideasD．Tokeepyoufocused.

9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“somethingclicks”inparagraph5probablymean

A．Acleverideaoccurs.B．Somethingdropsdown.

C．Amemorydisappears.D．Afunnythoughthappens.

10．WhatisKalinaChristoff’sattitudetothecultureofhardwork

A．Disapproving.B．Positive.C．Doubtful.D．Unconcerned.

11．Whichstatementmighttheauthoragreewith

A．Practicemakesperfect.

B．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

C．Everythingcomestohimwhowaits.

D．AllworkandnobreakmakesJackadullboy.

Theworld’sforestsmayholdmoresecretsthanpreviouslythought:anewglobalestimateoftreebiodiversitysuggeststhatthereareabout9,200treespeciesremainingundocumented.Mostarelikelyinthetropics,accordingtothenewresearch.

Thenewresearchdrewontheeffortsofhundredsofcontributors,whohavecategorizedtreesintwohugedatasets:One,theGlobalForestBiodiversityInitiative,recordseveryspeciesfoundinextensivelydocumentedforestplotsworldwide.Theother,TREECHANGE,putstogethersightingsofindividualspecies.Togethertheysuggestthereareapproximately64,100recordedtreespeciesontheplanet—upfrompreviousestimatesofaround60,000.

Theresearchersreachedtheirestimateofanadditional9,200yetundocumentedspeciesonthebasisofthenumberofrareonesalreadyinthedatabases.Mostunknownspeciesarelikelytobedefinedasrare,foundinlimitednumbersinsmallgeographicalareas,saysthequantitativeforestecologistJingjingLiang.Theteam’sresultis“aratherconservativeestimate,”Liangsays,“becausescientistsknowlessaboutthepreponderanceofuncommontreesinplacessuchastheAmazon,whereout-of-the-wayspotscouldhostpocketsofunusualspeciesfoundnowhereelse.”“IfwecanfocustheresourcesonthoserainforestsintheAmazon,”Liangadds,“thenwewouldbeabletoestimateitwithhigherconfidence.”

Silman,aconservationbiologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthenewstudyagreesthatthestudyresultislikelyanunderestimate.Hisandhiscolleagues’localsurveyssuggestthereareatleast3,000andpossiblymorethan6,000unknowntreespeciesintheAmazonbasinalone.Treespeciesoftengetgroupedtogetherbasedonappearance,henotes,sonewgeneticanalysistechniqueswilllikelyleadtothediscoveryofevenmorebiodiversity.Slimanwondershowmanyspecieswillgoextinctbeforescientistsdescribethem.“HowmanyarealreadyknowntonativepeoplesintheAmazon—orwereknowntopeoplesorcultureswhohavethemselvesbeenmadeextinctthroughcolonization,disease,orabsorptionHowmany“species”alreadyhavedriedsamplessittinginacabinet”hesays.

Searchingforthenewspecieswillinformnotonlyconservationbutthebasicevolutionaryscienceofhowandwhyspeciesdiversifyanddieout,Silmansays.“Justthefactthattherearethousandsofspeciesofsomethingascommonastreesouttherethatarestilllefttobediscovered,”headds,“Ifindprettyinspirational.”

12．Whatisthefindingofthenewresearch

A．Maintainingtreediversityhasbecomeaglobalchallenge.

B．Aboutninethousandnewtreespecieshavebeenidentified.

C．Thousandsoftreespeciesremainunknowntoscience.

D．Humanactivitieshaveledtothereducednumberoftrees.

13．Whatcanbelearnedabouttheresearchmethod

A．Theresearchersadoptedqualitymethodtoanalyzedata.

B．Theresearchersdidextensivefieldstudyinout-of-the-wayspots.

C．Doingsurveysandinterviewsisthemainresearchmethod.

D．Inferringfromtheexistingdadaisthemainresearchmethod.

14．Theunderlinedword“preponderane”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto________.

A．majorityB．duration

C．cultivationD．capacity

15．AccordingtoSilman,oneofthereasonsfortheunderestimateofthetreespeciesmaybethat________.

A．geneticanalysistechniquefailedtoproduceaccurateinformation

B．Eventhelocalpeoplesorthelocalculturesarenotfullyawareofthetreespecies.

C．treesofsimilarsizesintheAmazonbasinaregroupedtogether

D．toomanyraretreesweremadeintodriedsamplesbeforebeingdocumented

二、七選五

Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.16Herearesomeno-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning.

Whenmanystudentsfinishstudying,theyoftengostraighttoanotheractivity,likeplayingavideogameorwatchingtelevision.Butresearchsuggeststhatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyoustudied.Thisiswhatiscalled“wakefulrest”.Accordingtothelatestresearch,“Aperiodofwakefulrestimmediatelyafternewlearningboostsfreerecallofverbalmaterial,“theresearchsays.17Thebasicideaisthis:byreducingyouractivityafterthestudysession,yourbraingetsachancetorest.However,restingisdifficultwhenyouhavetoomuchexcitementfromelectronicdevices,games,lightsandsoon.18Restquietlyforfivetotenminutes.Donotlookatyourphone,readstoriesorplaygames.Justlimittheamountofexcitementyouget.Itisreallythateasy!

Inadditiontowakefulrest,19Apersonwholackssleepcannotfocusattentioncompletelyandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.Also,sleepitselfhasaroleinstrengtheningmemory,whichisessentialforlearningnewinformation.Sometimes,whenwefirstformmemories,they’reinaveryrawandfragileform.20

Nowyouhavetwosuggestionsforhowtolearnnewinformation.Trytogetsome“wakefulrest”afterastudysession.Thentrytogetagoodnight’ssleep.

A．Theyareoftenhardtokeep.

B．sleepisalsoimportantforlearning.

C．relaxationafterstudyisveryimportant.

D．Sleepisimportantforformingmemories.

E．Theimpactcanbestrongerevenafterafewdays.

F．Soherearesomesuggestionstogive“wakefulrest”atry.

G．Butwhatyoudoafterstudyreallyinfluenceshowwellyoulearn.

三、完形填空

OnthemorningofSeptember11th,myclosestfriend,KevinBowser,diedintheWorldTradeCenter.Thesorrowwassoawful,butIwasdeterminedtochannelitintosomethingwith21.

Thenextsummer,Isetoffonatwo-monthbicycletourtoPhiladelphiato22him.Thewholenationwasindeepsorrowand,asItravelledand23newpeople,wewouldinevitably(不可避免地)hug.Ididn’tnoticethe24theybroughtatthetime,butwhenIreturned,afriendsaidthatIoftenspokeaboutthehugsIsharedwith25.Thebikerideandthe26Imadeenrichedme,soIplannedasecond.Icallit“BigDave’shug”.

Between2023and2023,I27thestretchesofNorthAmericathreetimes.MyBigDave’shugbanner(橫幅)introducedmeandmy28.Somepeoplewere29abouthuggingmewhentheydidn’tknowthefirstthingaboutme.Butwhentheysawmyintentionwas30andIwasn’taskingforanything,they31.Youngpeoplewouldrevealtheirchildhoodsecretsandaffairs,whileeldersalwayshadgreatstoriesto32.Everycitywouldwarnmethatthenextwasless33,buttheyneverwere.

Itgeneratedenormousjoy.Itwasnotjustahug,butalso34andmoments.PeopleaskwhyI’mdoingitandIsayit35me,makesmesmileandprovidesperspective.

21．A．regretB．purposeC．reputationD．profit

22．A．amuseB．checkC．honourD．trick

23．A．hiredB．metC．avoidedD．treated

24．A．prideB．emptinessC．sorrowD．comfort

25．A．strangersB．volunteersC．victimsD．consultants

26．A．connectionsB．schedulesC．donationsD．promises

27．A．chartedB．studiedC．cycledD．secured

28．A．destinationB．achievementC．missionD．background

29．A．particularB．curiousC．positiveD．hesitant

30．A．sincereB．unclearC．strangeD．awful

31．A．gotawayB．openedupC．gaveinD．lookedout

32．A．shareB．typeC．editD．collect

33．A．knownB．ambitiousC．civilizedD．friendly

34．A．conversationsB．challengesC．tensionsD．tolerances

35．A．beautifiesB．publicizesC．enrichesD．shelters

四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld.Whodoesn’tlong36afavoriteChinesedishButthereisoneinterestingconcept37(concern)ChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecoming38(increasing)ignoredbytheyouthoftheEasttheancientcustomof“tonic(滋補的)food”.39isknowntous,tonicfoodisfoodthatisconsumedtoimproveone’swell-beingoravoidsickness.Forinstance,itwasonceacustomfornewmothers40(eat)asesameoilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasageneral41(believe)thatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeat,areseenas“hot”,while42(other),suchasChinesecabbage,areseenas“cold”.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot”or“cold”food.However,howmuch“hot”or“cold”foodoneshouldeat43(depend)onthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andtheindividual’shealth.

Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodsforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthecateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicines,suchaswolfberries(枸杞),canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,either44(add)tofruitteaorasavery45(benefit)additiontoadish.Theseherbsattractcustomers,suchasoverworkedofficestaff,inneedofamodestpick-me-up(提神的食品).

五、其他應用文

46．你校上周舉辦了以“智創(chuàng)科技觸碰未來”為主題的科技節(jié)活動。請為校英文報寫一篇報道，內容包括：

1.活動目的；2.活動內容；3.活動反響。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.請按如下格式作答。

參考詞匯：智創(chuàng)科技觸碰未來Innovationandtechnology,touchingthefuture

ASuccessfulSci-techFestival

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六、讀后續(xù)寫

47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。

“Youshouldgetadog.”mytherapist(治療專家)said.AdogIcouldn’tevenlookaftermyself.Itookadeepbreathandcarefullyconsideredtheideaofwelcomingacanine(犬科的)friendintomylife.ThisseemedliketooeasyasolutiontothefactthatIcouldn’tleavethehousewithoutburstingintotears.

Adoptingananimalduringtheheightofthepandemicwasfarfromeasy.WhenIfoundSimba,hisadoptionprofilemadehimoutastheperfectpuppy.Ifiledoutthepaperworkandhadafewweekstoprepareforhisarrival.

Whenhecamehome,itbecameincreasinglyobviousthatSimbadidn’tunderstand“no”,“stopit’or“don’tdothat”.Hewastheworst-behaveddogI’deverseen.Iwasbeginningtodoubtmytherapist’sadvice.

Athome,Ifoundhimsittingonmybedcomfortably.Jumpingfromthesofatotheteatablewashisfavoritegameeveryday.Hefoughttoothandnailtogetabiteofmymealsandateanythingthatfellonthefloor.Whatwasworse,dogwasteandurinewereseeneverywhere,whichannoyedmemost.Buthiscuriosityandvigorreallyimpressedme.TraininghimtobehavewellkeptmebusierthanI’deverexpected.

Idecidedtostarttakinghimforwalks.Icouldbarelyleavethehousebefore,butmyheartcouldn’tsaynotoSimba.Simbashowedmewhatbraverylookedlike.Hedidn’tstoptoconsidereverypossibleoutcomeofasituation.Hesimplywentforit.Iftherewasadogatapark,hewouldruntowardit.HealwaysleaptforwardandexploredtheunknownbysniffinghereandthereunlessIcalledhim.Helovedadventure.Ifoundmyselfmirroringhisbehaviorafterawhile,jumpingoutofbedwithoutasecondthought.Ibegantofindthemotivationtogetoutofbedinthemorning.

注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Tenminuteslater,SimbaandIwerewalkinginthenearbypark.

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Astimewentby,Ifoundmyselftotallychanged.

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參考答案：

1．A2．A3．B

【分析】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了華納兄弟電影制片廠之旅的主要內容、前往參觀的最佳路線及停車等相關事項。

1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FINDTHEBESTROUTEFROMYOURLOCATION部分第二段第“TheStudioTour’snearestrailwaystationisWatfordJunctionanddirectservicesarrivetherefrombothLondonEuston(20minutesjourney)andBirminghamNewStreet(1hourjourney).”(演播室之旅最近的火車站是沃特福德路口，直達服務從倫敦尤斯頓(20分鐘車程)和伯明翰新街(1小時車程)到達那里。)”可知，搭乘直達車從LondonEuston到WatfordJunction只需要20分鐘。故選A。

2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)FINDTHEBESTROUTEFROMYOURLOCATION部分第三段最后“Whenenteringthecarpark,pleasemakesureyouhaveyourbookingconfirmationreadytoshowourCarParkingTeam.”(進入停車場時，請確認您已經準備好預訂確認書，可以讓我們的停車隊看到)可知，當殘疾人進入停車場時，要給停車場管理人員出示預定證明。由此可推知，殘疾人停車需要提前預定。故選A。

3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)WARNERBROS.STUDIOTOUR部分第一段“Stepontoauthenticsets,discoverthemagicbehindspecialeffectsandexplorethebehind-the-scenessecretsoftheHarryPotterfilmseries.”(走進真實的布景，發(fā)現(xiàn)特效背后的魔力，探索哈利波特系列電影的幕后秘密。)可知，游客在該制片廠可以參觀到哈里波特系列電影的拍攝地并探索電影幕后的秘密。由此可知，游客會有一次沉浸式的體驗。故選B。

4．B5．B6．B7．D

【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。因為體重的數(shù)字對自己做出極端的事情，然后意識到生命比這些數(shù)字更重要，自己生活的質量比自己在鏡子里的樣子更重要。

4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.(食物使一家人團聚在一起。)”可知，在的童年，食物是加強家庭聯(lián)系的紐帶。故選B。

5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.(我媽媽通過嚴格的節(jié)食來幫助我減肥，這是她的責任。我都試過了。公平地說，我媽媽已經盡力了。作為一個單身母親，她覺得這讓我們更親密。)”可知，嚴格限制的飲食，使母親感覺與女兒更親近。故選B。

6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“SoobsessedandafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2023Iattemptedsuicideandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.(我如此癡迷于此，害怕如果我不能在與數(shù)字的較量中取勝，就沒有人會雇用我當演員。2023年2月，我試圖自殺，結果在醫(yī)院里住了好幾天。)”可知，她對失業(yè)的焦慮是導致企圖自殺的直接原因。故選B。

7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“IhavecometotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.(我已經意識到我的生命比這些數(shù)字更重要，我生活的質量比我在鏡子里的樣子更重要。)”可推知，現(xiàn)在對自己的體重毫不在意。故選D。

8．C9．A10．B11．D

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了創(chuàng)意經常會在放松狀態(tài)下出現(xiàn)的心理機制。

8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“‘Bycontrast,whenyou’reworkingonademandingtask,thebrain’sexecutivecontrol(EC)systemskeepyourthinkingfocused,analytical,andlogical.’”（“相比之下，當你在處理一項要求很高的任務時，大腦的執(zhí)行控制系統(tǒng)(EC)會讓你的思維保持集中、分析性和邏輯性?！保笨芍珽C系統(tǒng)主導的是有意識的思維活動而不是無意識的創(chuàng)意思維活動，讓你開始思維過程，幫助你分析，保持你集中，不能讓你獲得新的想法。故選C。

9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前“ResearchersfindthattheDMnetworkisalsoinvolvedintheearlystagesofideageneration,drawingfrompastexperiencesandknowledgeabouttheworld.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，DM網絡也參與了想法產生的早期階段，從過去的經驗和對世界的了解中汲取知識。）”結合劃線句“Whenyourmindwanders,you’reallowingthoughtstoplayfullycrossyourmind,whichhelpsyoucombineinformationandideasinnewwaysandsomethingclicks.(當你走神的時候，你允許一些想法在你的腦海中嬉戲，這有助于你以新的方式結合信息和想法，并somethingclicks。)”可推斷，somethingclicks與ideageneration所表達的意思相近，即當走神時，想法在我們的腦海中嬉戲，有助于我們以新的方式將信息和想法結合起來，這樣一個聰明的想法就產生了。故劃線部分與A項“一個聰明的想法產生”意思相符。故選A。

10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Soit’sunwisetoplaceblindfaithinthediscoverythatcreativeideascanbegeneratedintheshowerorduringanyotherkindsofmindwandering.Instead,youhavetodotheworktosetthegroundworkforcreativeideastoemergeinthefirstplace.”（盲目相信創(chuàng)造性的想法可以在淋浴或任何其他類型的走神過程中產生是不明智的。相反，你必須先做一些工作，為創(chuàng)意的出現(xiàn)打下基礎）”可知，KalinaChristoff認為不能盲目相信在走神過程中會產生是不明智的，還是要努力為創(chuàng)意的出現(xiàn)打好基礎，因此推斷他對努力工作這一文化持正面態(tài)度的。故選B。

11．推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)第一段“Ifyou’veeveremergedfromtheshowerorreturnedfromyourwalkwithacleverideaorasolutiontoaproblemyouhadbeenstrugglingwith,itmaynotbeasurprise.Ratherthanconstantlyconcentratingonaproblem,researchfromthelast15yearssuggeststhatpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavecreativebreakthroughswhenthey’redoingahabitualtaskthatdoesn’trequiremuchthought.（如果你曾經洗完澡或散步回來，想到了一個聰明的主意或解決了你一直在糾結的問題，這可能并不奇怪。過去15年的研究表明，人們在做一項不需要太多思考的習慣性任務時，可能更有可能取得創(chuàng)造性突破，而不是一直專注于一個問題）”可知，大腦機制決定了只有勞逸結合才能富有創(chuàng)意。由此推知，可能會同意D項“只工作不休息，聰明孩子也變傻”的說法。故選D。

12．C13．D14．A15．B

【導語】本文是篇說明文。文章主要講述了通過新的調查研究，得出的對全球的樹木生物種類的數(shù)量估算，其中還包括一些未記錄在案的樹種；同時一些生物學家通過調查認為在亞馬遜熱帶雨林里面，還有許多不知名的樹種等待人們去發(fā)現(xiàn)，這也令這些生物學家們倍受鼓舞。

12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theworld’sforestsmayholdmoresecretsthanpreviouslythought:anewglobalestimateoftreebiodiversitysuggeststhatthereareabout9,200treespeciesyettobedocumented.”(世界上的森林可能擁有比以前想象的更多的秘密：一項新的全球樹木生物多樣性估計表明，約有9200種樹木尚未被記錄在案。)可知，該項新研究指出成千上萬的樹種仍不為科學所知。故選C。

13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenewresearchdrewontheeffortsofhundredsofcontributors,whohavecategorizedtreesintwohugedatasets.”(這項新研究利用了數(shù)百名貢獻者的努力，他們在兩個巨大的數(shù)據(jù)集中對樹木進行了分類。)和第三段“Theresearchersreachedtheirestimateofanadditional9,200yetundocumentedspeciesonthebasisofthenumberofrareonesalreadyinthedatabases.”（根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫中已有的稀有物種的數(shù)量，研究人員得出了他們對另外9200個尚未記錄的物種的估計。）可知，該研究的主要方法是從已有的數(shù)據(jù)中進行推斷得出結論。故選D。

14．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面的內容“suchastheAmazon,whereout-of-the-wayspotscouldhostpocketsofunusualspeciesfoundnowhereelse.”(比如亞馬遜，在那里偏僻的地方可能有一些其他地方沒有的不常見的樹種。)可知，這里通過舉例子說明劃線詞所在部分“scientistsknowlessaboutthepreponderanceofuncommontreesinplacessuchastheAmazon”（科學家們對亞馬遜等地大多數(shù)不常見的樹木知之甚少）中，在如亞馬遜雨林這種地方有很多科學家們沒見過、不了解的樹種，所以他們對這里大多數(shù)不常見的樹木都知之甚少，故“theprdponderanceof”表示“大多數(shù)”，與“themajorityof”同義。故選A。

15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Slimanwondershowmanyspecieswillgoextinctbeforescientistsdescribethem.“HowmanyarealreadyknowntonativepeoplesintheAmazon—orwereknowntopeoplesorcultureswhohavethemselvesbeenmadeextinctthroughcolonization,disease,orabsorptionHowmany“species”alreadyhavedriedsamplessittinginacabinethesays.”(Sliman想知道有多少樹種會在科學家描述它們之前滅絕?！耙呀浻卸嗌贅浞N被亞馬遜當?shù)厝怂熘?，又有多少是被因殖民、疾病或同化而滅絕的民族或文化所知道的？有多少“物種”已經有干燥的樣本放在櫥柜里？”他說。）可知，Sliman認為當?shù)氐拿褡寤蛭幕膊煌耆私膺@些樹種，所以這也是樹種數(shù)量被低估的一個原因。故選B。

16．G17．E18．F19．B20．D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些免費的方法可以幫助你提高你的學習。

16．根據(jù)上文“Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.(許多學生學習時很少考慮學習結束后要做什么。)”和下文“Herearesomeno-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning.(這里有一些免費的方法可以幫助你提高你的學習。)”可知，空處與上文形成轉折關系，說明了解學習后要做什么很重要。G項：Butwhatyoudoafterstudyreallyinfluenceshowwellyoulearn.(但是你在學習后做什么真的會影響你的學習效果。)符合語境。故選G。

17．根據(jù)上文“Accordingtothelatestresearch,“Aperiodofwakefulrestimmediatelyafternewlearningboostsfreerecallofverbalmaterial,”(最新的研究表明，“新知識學習后立即休息一段時間可以促進對語言材料的自由記憶?！?”和下文“Thebasicideaisthis:byreducingyouractivityafterthestudysession,yourbraingetsachancetorest.(基本的想法是這樣的：通過減少你的活動后，你的大腦得到一個休息的機會。)”可知，空處進一步解釋說明學習知識后休息的積極影響。可知，E項：Theimpactcanbestrongerevenafterafewdays.(這種影響甚至在幾天后會變得更強。)符合語境。故選E。

18．根據(jù)上文“However,restingisdifficultwhenyouhavetoomuchexcitementfromelectronicdevices,games,lightsandsoon.(然而，當你從電子設備、游戲、燈光等事物中獲得太多興奮時，休息就變得困難了。)”和下文“Donotlookatyourphone,readstoriesorplaygames.Justlimittheamountofexcitementyouget.(安靜地休息五到十分鐘。不要看你的手機，讀故事或玩游戲。只是要限制你的興奮程度。)”可知，上文提到休息之前變得興奮不利于休息，下文提出一些具體的建議，讓自己得到充分的休息，空處與上文形成因果關系，并啟示下文要提出一些建議。F項：Soherearesomesuggestionstogive“wakefulrest”atry.(因此，這里有一些建議，給“清醒休息”一個嘗試。)符合語境。故選F。

19．根據(jù)下文“Apersonwholackssle