上海市高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷附參考答案與解析

第第頁上海市高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷(附參考答案與解析）（滿分：150分；考試時間：120分鐘）學(xué)校:___________班級：___________姓名：___________考號：___________一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Inrecentyears,manypeople________Asianoriginhavebeensubjectedtovariousformsofracialdiscriminationinscience.A．in B．of C．to D．from2．Onethingyoucan’thelpbut________whendrivingaroundAustraliaisthecountry’splentifulamountsofspace.A．notice B．tonotice C．tobenoticed D．beingnoticed3．TheBeatles,____________manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A．what B．thatC．how D．a(chǎn)s4．________aboutthreemetersinheight,Bigfoot,thegiganticape-likecreature,startedtocausepublicpanicafter________bycamera.A．Measured…beingcaptured B．Beingmeasured…itiscapturedC．Measuring…beingcaptured D．Havingmeasured…captured5．Sheissokeenonusingfilterstobeautifyherselfiesthatshelooksasifshe________tenyearsyounger.A．was B．is C．hasbeen D．were6．Onthewall________anoticeboardthatsays,“Pleasekeepatwo-meterdistancefromeachotherwhenyouareliningupforthenucleic-acidtest”.A．hangs B．ishanged C．hanging D．ishung7．Duetothehugeamountofconstructionandoperationalexperience________overthepastfewyears,China’senergyproducerscangrabalargershareoftheglobalcleanenergymarket.A．havingaccumulated B．beingaccumulatedC．a(chǎn)ccumulated D．hasbeenaccumulated8．________ineverydaylifeconsumershaveseenlotsofsuccessfulexamplesofadvertisementslikeKodak,Nike,Coca-Cola,andMcDonald’s,therearestillsomeexamplesthatdonotreachtheexpectedgoal.A．As B．Because C．Inaddition D．While9．“Chinglish”isgrammaticallywrong,misspelledEnglishwrittenandspokenbyChinese;however,sopopular_________ontheInternetthatthephenomenonisgeneratingitsownspecialists.A．ithasbecome B．hasitbecome C．itisbecoming D．becomesit10．Themostwidelyacceptedtheoryabout_________theMiddleEasthaslargeoilreservesisthattheregionwasnotalwaysavastdesert.A．which B．that C．why D．whether二、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補(bǔ)全句子Directions:Completethesentenceswiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Eachwordorphrasecanonlybeusedonce.Thereisoneextrathatyoudonotneed.A．commonplace

B．conservation

C．bombard

D．highlightE.accuracy

F.calculate

G.stretch

H.soak

I.vary11．Wedevoteourresourcesandourskillstopresentingthefullestversionofthetruthwecandeliver,andplacehighvalueonthe________ofthegatheredinformation.12．Intheexhibition,artistscreatedvariousartisticobjectsto________thecapitalcity'sproblems,includingpollution,poverty,lackofhealthcareandoverconsumption.13．Inthesummer,fieldsofgrassyfrozenground________fromsnow-cappedmountainrangestothestonyshoreline,butinthewinterthesundisappears.14．Thestudyisareminderthat________isn’tjustaboutprotectingafewspecies,buttherelationshipstheyhavewhichbranchthroughanentireecosystem.15．Clinicalprofessorsaretryingtofindouthowanti-depressants(抗抑郁藥),whichbecomemore________insociety,affectmentalhealth.16．Scientistshavecomeupwithanewformulato________adog’sageinhumanyears,anditismuchmorecomplicatedthanmultiplyingitsrealagebyseven.17．Atthepressconference,journalists________thespokesmanwithvariousquestionsregardingthelatestincident.18．AwaveofmassshootingshasplaguedtheU.S.inrecentweeks,drawingattentiontohowgunlaws________fromstatetostate.三、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補(bǔ)全短文Directions:Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Thereisoneextrathatyoudonotneed.A．heighten

B．Generally

C．beneficial

D．tire

E.distractingF.association

G.devote

H.little

I.relief

J.Consequently

K.uncertaintyThePleasureofPutteringTidyingyourdesk,wateringyourplants,orfoldinglaundry...Thesehouseholdchoresarehardlytheheightofhedonism(享樂主義).YetIoftenfindmyselfseekingpleasureandcomfortinthesesmallrepetitivetasks.Iamnotaloneinthis.Aswefacedthestressesofthepandemic,manypeoplereportedfindingrenewedinterestinlookingaftertheirhomesasawayofcopingwiththe19.OnYouTube,thereisevenahugeaudienceforvideosofotherpeoplegoingabouttheirchores,withmillionsofviewsforsomeofthemostpopularclips.Psychologistssuggestthattherearemanypotentialmechanisms(機(jī)制)thatmightexplaintheperfectpleasureofputtering.Atthemostsuperficiallevel,putteringmaybeusefulbecauseitoccupiesthemindsothatwe20fewerresourcestothethingsthatareworryingus.Evenifwestrugglewithstructuredformsofmeditation(冥想),forinstance,wemayfindhouseholdtaskscananchorusinthehereandnow.Unlikeother21activities,suchasplayingcomputergamesorwatchingtrashyTV,putteringalsohastheadvantageofbeingpositiveanduseful,increasingourperceivedsenseofcontrol.Whenwefeelanxious,asenseofhelplessnesscan22ourphysiologicalstressresponse,increasinglevelsofhormonessuchascortisol(皮質(zhì)醇).Overthelongterm,thissenseofhelplessnesscanevenharmthefunctioningofourimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng)).Ideally,weoughttodealdirectlywiththeupsettingsituationitself.However,researchsuggeststhatwecangainaperceptionofcontrolfromactivitiesthatmayhave23effectoverwhateverparticularsituationitisthatmaybebotheringus.“Itdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetoalignwithactualcontrol,aslongaswebelieve,orfeel,wehavecontrol,”saysStaceyBedwell,apsychologistatKing’sCollegeLondon.Simplybeingabletochangeourenvironmentcancreateasenseofagencythatcanbe24tous,whichmayexplainwhycleaningandorganizingourhomescanfeelsotherapeutic.Thebenefitsdonotendthere.Ifyourputteringtakestheformoforganizinganddecluttering(整理),youmayfindthatthetidierenvironmentisitselfa25.Brainimagingstudiessupportthisview.26,youseemuchgreaterbrainactivityasyouincreasethenumberofdistractingobjectswithinascene—witheachobjectcompetingforourattention.Thismayleadyourbrainto27sothatitstrugglestomaintainitsfocusoverlongperiodsofconcentration.Butlikeallactivities,theextentofthesebenefitswillbeinfluencedbyyourpersonaltastesandthe28thatyoulinkwiththetasks.Weknow,forexample,thattheeffectsofcertainexerciseslikerunningcanbemoderatedbypeople’smindsets.Ifyouarehousework-averseandwillneverpickupadusterunlessthreatened,thepleasuresofputteringmaybeforeverelusive(難以理解的).Forthehomebodiesamongus,however,wecannowunderstandwhyourfruitfulfidgeting(小動作)canbesuchasalvefortherestlessmind.四、完形填空Group-CenteredSocietiesHaveJustasMuchCreativityWhatdoesculturehavetodowithcreativity?Theanswercouldbe“alot”.Fordecades,psychologiststryingtounderstandtherootsofcreativeimaginationshavelookedatthewaysinwhichtwodifferenttypesofculturescancometohaveaneffectoveritsartisticand29output.Individualisticculturesencouragepeopletobeuniqueandto30theirowninterestsevenifdoingsocomesatacosttothegroupoverall.Collectivisticculturesarebasedonrelationshipsanddutiestootherpeople.Thesetypesofculturesoften31theindividual’swantsfortheneedsofthosewhoareclosetothemorforthoseintheircommunity.Individualismhaslongbeenthoughttohaveacreative32.Individualists33socialconvention,thelogicgoes,andthatpushbacksupportsinnovation.Forinstance,aroundtheworld,individualisticcultureshavemorepatentsthancollectivisticculturesdo.34,anewstudysuggeststhattheseideasaboutcultureandcreativitycouldbeoffbase.Peopleincollectivisticculturesactuallydobetterwithaparticulartypeofcreativethinkingthanthoseinindividualisticcultures.Andthefindingsoverallrevealtheshortcomingsofthinkingaboutinnovationtoo35.ThenewworkcomesfromcomparingcommunitiesindifferentpartsofChina.Thoughitscoreshigh,asanation,onmeasuresofcultural36,China’s1.4billionpeoplearemorethanjustasingleculture.PeoplefromareasnorthoftheYangtzeRivertendtobemore37,opentostrangersandself-confident,whereaspeoplealongtheriverandfarthersouthareoftenmoreinter-dependent,partialtofriendsoverstrangersandlikelytotryharderto38.Inthenewcreativitystudy,researchersinvestigatedinnovationwiththesetwogroupsinmind.Theteamusedadrawingtestthathadbeencreatedbypsychologists.Theygavekidsasheetofpaperwithjustafewbasicelementsprintedonit:somedotshere,squiggles(彎曲的線條)there,andarectanglethatsuggestedadrawingframe.Thechildrengot15minutestousetheelementsalreadyonthepagetodrawwhatevertheywanted.Theycouldget“adaptivecreativity”pointsfordoodlinginwaysthatconnectedthesquigglesandlinesintoanoriginaland39image.Inaddition,ajudgecheckedwhetherthechildrenchosetoincorporateasmallshapethatcouldbefoundjustoutsidetherectangular.Thiselementwaseasyto40,sothosewhoincludedthisoutside-the-boxdetailcouldgetpointsfor“boundary-breakingcreativity.”Theresearchersgavethetestto683middleschoolstudentsfromnorthandsouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Whenthescientistsgotthescoresback,theydiscoveredthattherewerenodifferencesinthechildren’soverallcreativity.Whentheybrokedowntheresultsintocomponents,theyfoundthatstudentsfromcollectivisticregionsscored41inadaptivecreativitywhilethosefromindividualisticareasdidbetterinboundary-breakingcreativity.Thefindingsarealsoawarningagainstculturalchauvinism(極端民族主義).Westerncountrieshavetendedtoleadthewayininnovation—atleastasdefinedbythemetrics(指標(biāo))weWesternershavecreated.Perhapswehavebeen42China’sadaptivecreativity.Forexample,whilethecountrymaynothaveinventedtheassemblyline,itislargelythankstothe43itspeoplehavemadetothissystemthatthecountryhassuchathrivingmanufacturingsectortoday.29．A．theoretical B．inventive C．productive D．regular30．A．prioritize B．deprive C．tolerate D．a(chǎn)bandon31．A．satisfy B．stimulate C．cherish D．sacrifice32．A．shelter B．edge C．border D．a(chǎn)lternative33．A．embrace B．propose C．resist D．create34．A．However B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Moreover35．A．broadly B．objectively C．seriously D．narrowly36．A．individualismB．identity C．collectivism D．flexibility37．A．selfish B．collective C．individualistic D．realistic38．A．fallapart B．fitin C．givein D．showoff39．A．separate B．ugly C．unified D．tiny40．A．catch B．miss C．target D．misuse41．A．higher B．a(chǎn)veragely C．lower D．vaguely42．A．capturing B．a(chǎn)pproaching C．imitating D．overlooking43．A．improvements B．drawbacks C．insights D．a(chǎn)ttempts五、閱讀理解MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshavebeenkilledbywildcats.Thesepredators,whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennativewildlife—andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwerepreviouslyfilledwiththem.ButAlexandraRossoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesthinksshehascomeupwithadifferentwaytodealwiththeproblem.AsshewritesinapaperintheJournalofAppliedEcology,sheisgivingfeline(貓科的)—awarenesslessonstowildanimalsinvolvedinre-introductionprograms,inordertotrytomakethemcat-conscious.ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.Thiswill,however,puttheforcedmigrantsbackinthesightsofthecatsthatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Trainingthemigrantswhiletheyareincaptivity,usingstuffedmodelsandthesortsofsoundsmadebycats,hasprovedexpensiveandineffective.MsRossthereforewonderedwhetherputtingtheminlargenaturalenclosureswithascatteringofpredatorsmightserveasaformoftrainingcamptopreparethemforintroductionintotheirnew,cat-riddenhomes.Shetestedthisideaonatypeofbandicoot(袋貍)thatsuperficiallyresemblesarabbit.Sheandhercolleaguesraisedtwohundredbandicootsinahugeenclosurethatalsocontainedfivewildcats.Asacontrol,sheraisedanearlyidenticalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.Shelefttheanimalstogetonwithlifefortwoyears,which,giventhatbandicootsbreedfourtimesayearandliveforaroundeightyears,wasaconsiderableperiodforthem.Aftersomepredation(撲食)andprobablysomelearning,sheabstracted21bandicootsfromeachenclosure,attachedradiotransmitterstothemandreleasedthemintoathirdenclosurethathadtenhungrycatsinit.Shethenmonitoredwhathappenednext.Theoutcomewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40days,tenoftheuntrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.Oneparticularbehavioraldifferenceshenoticedwasthatbandicootsbroughtupinapredator-freeenvironmentweremuchmorelikelytosleepalonethanwerethosebroughtuparoundcats.Andwhencatsarearound,sleepingaloneisdangerous.Howwellbandicootsthathaveundergonethisextremetrainingwillsurviveinthewildremainstobeseen.ButMsRosshasatleastprovidedreasonforhope.44．Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph?A．Thefeline-awarenesslessonshaveprovedineffective.B．TherearetoomanywildcatstobekilledinAustralia.C．Differentwayshavebeentriedtohuntandkillwildlife.D．Nativewildlifehasbeenthreatenedbyagrowingpopulationofwildcats.45．Theforcedmigrantsinthesecondparagraphreferto________.A．AustralianmammalsrestrictedtocertainareasB．ThewildcatstrackingdownthemammalsC．WildanimalsinvolvedintheprogramD．Thepredatorscapturedbytheanimaltrainers46．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirsttwoenclosures?A．Theywerebothcloselymonitored. B．Theyhad200bandicootsintotal.C．Theyhadsimilarnaturalenvironment. D．Theybothhadwildcatsinthem.47．WhatwasthefindingofMsRoss’researchproject?A．Untrainedbandicootsfailedtoidentifycats.B．Trainingbandicootspreparedthemtofightcats.C．Sleepingaloneinthewildwasdangerous.D．Bandicootscouldbetrainedtoavoidpredators.ThebattletocontaintheglobalobesitycrisisspeededupasAmericanpublichealthexpertspressedforasugartaxonthecountry’smostpopularsourceofrefreshment—sweetenedcarbonateddrinksandfruitjuices.Inwhatiscertaintobecomeaworldwidedebateontheuseofsanctions(制裁)todealwithobesity,agroupledbyacademicsfromYaleandHarvarduniversitiesproposeda“colawar”,witha1centtaxperfluidounceonsweetenedbeverages,raisingthepriceoftheaveragecanofcolaby15to20percent.Theysaythiswouldcutcalorieconsumptionfromdrinksbyaminimumof10percentandcontributealmost$15bntowardsthehealthcostsofobesity.“Thereasonstoproceedareconvincing.Thesciencebaselinkingtheconsumptionofsugar-sweetenedbeveragestotheriskofchronicdiseaseisclear.Researchsuggestsataxwouldhavestrongpositiveeffectsonreducingconsumption.Webelievethattaxesonbeveragesthathelpdrivetheobesityepidemicshouldandwillbecomeroutine,”theexpertssayintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Britishnutritionspecialistsbackedthemovebutsaidothersanctions,suchasatariff(關(guān)稅)onsugarimports,couldhavethesameimpactbutbelesspoliticallyarguable.TamFry,spokesmanforUKNationalObesityForum,said:“Wehavegottostartthinkingveryseriouslyabouttaxingunhealthyfoodanddrinkaspartofthedrivetoimprovethenation’shealthandcutobesity.Theamountofsugarthatgoesintothesesoftdrinksissurprisingandithasadoublewhammy,increasingobesityandrottingteeth.”TheUSproposalfollowsareportbytherespectedInstituteofMedicinethismonthcallingforanincreaseinlocaltaxesonsoftdrinksandjunkfood.IntheUK,theBritishMedicalAssociationnarrowlydefeatedaproposalforachocolatetaxatitsannualmeeting.Consumptionoffizzydrinks,fruitjuices,smoothiesandothersweetenedbeveragesisrisingrapidlyaroundtheworldandisrecognizedasamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic,especiallyamongchildren.Americansaredrinkingtwiceasmuchofthedrinksastheydid25yearsago,andtheynowcontribute172caloriesdailytotheaverageUSchild’sdiet.ExpertssaytheUKisclosebehind.JackWinkler,professorofnutritionpolicyatLondonMetropolitanUniversity,said:“Isupportthis.Itwouldbeamassivepublicacknowledgementaboutthedangersugarposestohealth.”Butheproposedraisingthepriceofsugarpermanentlybyreformingtheworldgoodsmarkets.Chargingtariffs,whichareinvisible,wouldbemuchbetterthanraisingtaxes,hesaid.TheBritishNutritionFoundationsaidthat,insteadofalteringfoodchoices,increasingtaxes“couldsimplymeanhigherpricesforconsumers—especiallythoseonlowerincomes”.48．Accordingtothepassage,thesugartaxonthepopularsweeteneddrinksandfruitjuicesisproposed_________.A．towarnthepublicthatsuchdrinksareharmfulandpoisonousB．torestricttheproductionandelimnatetheglobalobesitycrisisC．tostartaworldwidedebateonthestrategiestodealwithobesitycrisisD．toreducecalorieconsumptionandraisemoneytofightagainstobesity49．Theword“whammy”inparagraph5canbestbereplacedby___________.A．reason B．blow C．a(chǎn)im D．struggle50．Whichofthefollowingcannotbetrueaccordingtothepassage?A．NowitisurgenttodealwiththeobesityepidemicintheUnitedStatesandBritain.B．TheBritishpeopleconsumemoresoftdrinksandfruitjuicesthantheAmericansdotoday.C．Theconsumptionofsweetenedsoftdrinksandfruitjuicesisrisingrapidlyaroundtheworld.D．Americansaredrinkingtwiceasmuchcomparedwiththeamountaquarterofacenturyago.51．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．BanonCarbonatedDrinksandFruitJuicesB．LinkbetweenSweetenedBeveragesandObesityC．DemandforEconomicMeasurestoReduceObesityD．TheHighConsumptionandRisingPriceofSoftDrinksAround7,000B．C．(duringtheNeolithicperiod),somehuntersandgatherersbegantorelychieflyonagriculturefortheirlife.Indeed,agricultureitselfevolvedoverthecourseoftimeandNeolithicpeopleshadlongknownhowtogrowcrops.Therealtransformationofhumanlifeoccurredwhenhugenumbersofpeoplebegantorelyprimarilyandpermanentlyonthegraintheygrewandtheanimalstheydomesticated.Agriculturemadepossibleamorestableandsecurelife.WithitNeolithicpeoplesdeveloped,startinganenergetic,creativetime.Theywereresponsibleformanyfundamentalinventionsandinnovationsthatthemodernworldtakesforgranted.Firstissystematicagriculture–therelianceofNeolithicpeoplesonagricultureastheirprimary,notmerelyadditional,sourceoffood.Thustheydevelopedtheprimaryeconomicactivityoftheentireancientworldandthebasisofallmodernlife.WiththesettledroutineofNeolithicfarmerscametheevolutionoftownsandeventuallycities.Neolithicfarmersusuallyraisedmorefoodthantheycouldconsume,andtheirsurplusespermittedlarger,healthierpopulations.Populationgrowthinturncreatedanevengreaterrelianceonsettledfarming,asonlysystematicagriculturecouldsustaintheincreasednumbersofpeople.Sincesurplusesoffoodcouldalsobetradedforothergoods,theNeolithictimewitnessedthebeginningsoflarge-scaleexchangeofgoods.WiththeincreasingcomplexityofNeolithicsocieties,writingemergedwiththeneedtokeeprecordsandlaterbytheurgetorecordexperiences,learning,andbeliefs.Thechangetosettledlifealsohadadeepimpactonthefamily.Thesharedneedsandpressuresthatencourageextended-familytiesarelessurgentinsettledthaninnomadic(游牧的)societies.Tiestotheextendedfamilyweakened.Intownsandcities,thenuclearfamilywasmoredependentonitsimmediateneighborsthanondistantrelatives.52．Thepassagetalksmainlyabout____________.A．whymanyhumansocietiesdependonagricultureB．whatchangesagriculturebroughttohumanlifeC．howNeolithicpeoplesdiscoveredagricultureD．whythefirstagriculturalsocietiesfailed53．Withagriculture,Neolithicpeoplenolongerneededto____________.A．movefromoneplacetoanotherB．exchangegoodswithothersC．domesticatewildanimalsD．worryabouttheirsafety54．“Theirsurpluses”(inparagraph3)referto____________.A．theamountoffoodtheyhadtoconsumeB．themorefoodtheyproducedthanneededC．theextenttowhichtheyreliedonagricultureD．theincreaseinpopulationagriculturebroughtabout55．Accordingtothepassage,howdidtheshifttoagriculturalsocietiesimpactpeople’sfamily?A．FamilymembersbegantoworktogethertoraisefoodB．ImmediateneighborsoftenbecamefamilymembersC．TheextendedfamilybecamelessimportantD．Thenuclearfamilybecameself-sufficient六、六選四Whatcolourisittoday？Whatshapeisthatsmell?Whatdoesthatpainsoundlike?Thesequestionsmightseemlikenonsense,butfourpeoplein100mightthinktheymakeperfectsense.56.Oneformofthisispairingnumbersorletterswithafixedcolour-ablue"1"orared"D".Othersynesthesia,peoplewithsynesthesia,maythinktheword"hurricane"tastessalty.Yetotherswith"mirror-touchsynesthesia"seesomeonehitontheheadandalsofeelthehitthemselves.57.Thewhitematter(腦白質(zhì))ofsynesthetesisorganizeddifferentlyfromthatofpeoplewithoutsynesthesia,whichmayaccountforthedifferencesinperception（感知）.Synesthesiaiswidelyacceptedandresearchedtoday,butthathasn'talwaysbeentrue.Thoughitcaughtscientificinterestinthelate1800s,itwaslaterrejectedasaself-createdwayofthinking.Butaspeoplehavebecomemorefascinatedbythedifferencesinindividualperception,afocusonsynesthesiahasbeenrenewed.Atthepresenttime,scientistsinvariousfieldsareexaminingthephenomenon.Asscientistscontinuetostudysynesthesia,certainadvantageshavebeennoticed.Studiesshowthatthesensationconnectionsthatsynesthetesexperienceaidtheminabilitiesrelatedtomemory.Researchersbelievethatthisadvantagemayhelpstopthelossofcognitive（認(rèn)知）functionintheelderly.58.Synesthetesalsotendtobeartists,singersPharrellWilliamsandLadyGagabeingsomefamousexamples.Mostlikely,synesthesiadoesn'tgiveartisticsensitivity,butit'sunderstandablethatseeingcoloursinmusic,forinstance,couldinspireart.59.Onerecentemphasisofthestudyofsynesthesiaistodeterminewhethernon-synesthetescanacquireit.Fornow,theUniversityofEastLondonistrainingadultstoestablishletter-colourconnectionsformemoryimprovementtosomeeffect.A．Scientistsaretrainingadultstoestablishletter-colorconnectionstoprovethepossibility.B．Thisaspectofsynesthesiacouldevenhelppatientsrecoverfrombraininjuries.C．Wordstastelikeourfavoritefoodsandourfavoritesongslooklikefireworks.D．Strongdrugsandincreasingblindnesshavebeenknowntocausesynesthesia,butthesearenotgoodoptionsforobviousreasons.E．Thatfourpercenthavesynesthesia,andtheynaturallyexperiencecertainsensestogether.F．Synesthesiaisnotcompletelyunderstoodthoughitisinourgenes.七、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子60．China’slogisticsmarket________(grow)steadilyintermsofscaleandqualityoverthepastfewyears.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）61．Inoneofitsshows,ZhejiangTV“invited”adigitalperformertoperformasong________(adapt)fromapoembyfamedpoetSuShi(1037-1101)oftheSongDynasty.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）62．________(put)touselastyear,thisadvancedsystemiscurrentlybeingappliedinmanyfieldsandbringscountlessbenefits.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）63．Flightlessbirds,whichlacktheabilitytofly,relyinsteadontheirabilitytorunorswim,andtheyarethought________(evolve)fromflyingancestors.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）八、漢譯英（整句）64．尤其是女性持有這樣的觀念：她們穿戴的銀飾越多，就顯得越漂亮富有。(漢譯英)65．這個年輕人看了看價格標(biāo)簽，猶豫著要不要買這件二手T恤。(hesitate)（漢譯英）66．工廠不可以把未經(jīng)處理的廢水倒入河中，否則他們將被重罰。（allow）（漢譯英）67．有些人對于整容手術(shù)評價很低，因?yàn)樗麄冇X得真正的自信來源于接納自我。(opinion)（漢譯英）68．一些消費(fèi)者如此沉迷于網(wǎng)購，以至于他們家里到處都是成堆的物品。(So,flood)（漢譯英）參考答案與解析1．B【詳解】考查介詞。句意：近些年來，許多亞裔人在科學(xué)上遭受到了各種形式的種族歧視。A.in在里面；B.of屬于的；C.to向、朝著；D.from來自。由語意可知，那些有亞洲血統(tǒng)的人在科學(xué)方面遭受到了種族歧視，因此，空處前面的manypeople與空處后面的Asianorigin之間是所屬關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。2．A【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：當(dāng)你開車環(huán)游澳大利亞時，你會不由自主地注意到一件事，那就是這個國家廣闊的空間。此處為短語can’thelpbutdosth.，表示“只能做某事，不得不做”。故選A。3．D【詳解】考查關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：TheBeatles，你們很多人都記得，來自利物浦。此處as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作remember的賓語，意為“正如”，表示正如你們小時候記得的那個人。what用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，意為“如何”。故選D。4．C【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這只名叫“大腳怪”的巨型猿類動物身高約3米，在被攝像機(jī)抓拍后引起了公眾的恐慌。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，已有謂語動詞started，第一空需填非謂語動詞作狀語，thegiganticape-likecreature和measure為邏輯主謂關(guān)系，需用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；第二空位于介詞after后面，需填動名詞作賓語，thegiganticape-likecreature和capture為被動關(guān)系，需用動名詞的被動式。故選C。5．D【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意：她熱衷于用濾鏡美化自拍，看起來好像年輕了十歲。結(jié)合語境可知，asif引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示與現(xiàn)在相反的事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過去時，be動詞常用were。故選D。6．A【詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：墻上掛著一個布告欄，上面寫著：“核酸檢測排隊(duì)時，請大家保持2米距離?！北揪涫峭耆寡b結(jié)構(gòu)，空處為主句謂語動詞，結(jié)合語境和says可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的主動語態(tài)，主語anoticeboard為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故選A。7．C【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：由于過去幾年積累的大量建設(shè)和運(yùn)營經(jīng)驗(yàn)，中國的能源生產(chǎn)商可以在全球清潔能源市場上獲得更大的份額。句中已有謂語動詞cangrab且無連詞，空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作后置定語，邏輯主語thehugeamountofconstructionandoperationalexperience和accumulate之間為被動關(guān)系，且由overthepastfewyears可知，動作已經(jīng)完成，應(yīng)用過去分詞，表被動和完成。故選C。8．D【詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然在日常生活中消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)看到了很多成功的廣告例子，如柯達(dá)，耐克，可口可樂，麥當(dāng)勞，但仍然有一些例子沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。A.As當(dāng)……的時候；B.Because因?yàn)?；C.Inaddition此外；D.While雖然。由“therearestillsomeexamplesthatdonotreachtheexpectedgoal”可知，句子表示“雖然在日常生活中消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)看到了很多成功的廣告例子，如柯達(dá)，耐克，可口可樂，麥當(dāng)勞，但仍然有一些例子沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)”，空格處意為“雖然”，用while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，故選D。9．B【詳解】考查時態(tài)和倒裝句。句意：“中式英語”在語法上是錯誤的，中國人寫的和說的英語拼寫錯誤；然而，這一現(xiàn)象在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上非常流行，甚至產(chǎn)生了專門研究這一現(xiàn)象的專家。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為so+adj./adv.位于句首時的部分倒裝；根據(jù)“thephenomenonisgeneratingitsownspecialists(現(xiàn)象甚至產(chǎn)生了專門研究這一現(xiàn)象的專家)”，可知是過去所做的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故將助動詞has置于主語it之前。故選B。10．C【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：關(guān)于中東擁有大量石油儲備的原因，最被廣泛接受的理論是，該地區(qū)并不總是一片廣闊的沙漠。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為賓語從句，從句缺少原因狀語，所以用連接副詞why引導(dǎo)。故選C。11．E12．D13．G14．B15．A16．F17．C18．I【解析】11．考查名詞。句意：我們投入我們的資源和技能來呈現(xiàn)我們所能提供的最完整的真相以及重視所收集的信息的準(zhǔn)確性。分析句子可知，空處前有定冠詞the，因此空處應(yīng)填名詞，accuracy“準(zhǔn)確性”，符合句意。故選E項(xiàng)。12．考查非謂語動詞。句意：在這個展覽中，藝術(shù)家們創(chuàng)造了各種各樣的藝術(shù)品來突出這個首都城市的問題，包括污染、貧窮、缺乏醫(yī)療保健以及過度消耗。分析句子可知，空處前面的to是不定式，空處應(yīng)填上一個動詞與不定式to構(gòu)成動詞不定式，充當(dāng)目的狀語。highlight“突出、凸顯”為動詞，符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)。13．考查動詞。句意：在夏天，被草地覆蓋的凍土從白雪皚皚的山脈延伸至石頭遍布的海岸線。但是到了冬天，太陽消失了。分析句子可知，fields是句子主語，空處需填謂語動詞，s