高二(下)選修八-Unit-2-語法同位語從句課件

Unit2CloningLearningaboutLanguage選修八Unit2CloningLearningabout1語法講解1.同位語theAppositive

同位語是句子成分的一種,它位于名詞、代詞后面,說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。語法講解1.同位語theAppositive2同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：1)名詞

Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.2)代詞

Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.3)數(shù)詞

Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.4)從句

Hetoldmethenewsthat

the

plane

had

exploded.他告訴我飛機(jī)爆炸的消息。同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：35)由suchas,thatis引導(dǎo)

Somesubjects,such

as

maths

and

physics,areverydifficulttolearn.

某些學(xué)科，例如數(shù)學(xué)和物理，是很難學(xué)的。6)由of引導(dǎo)

The

city

of

Beijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.

自從2000年以來，北京市發(fā)生了很大的變化。5)由suchas,thatis引導(dǎo)47)由or引導(dǎo)

Thefreezingtemperature,or

freezing

point,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.

結(jié)冰溫度即冰點(diǎn)，是水在常壓下結(jié)冰時(shí)的溫度。7)由or引導(dǎo)5一.指出下例句子劃線部分是什么句子成份。ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilm

tonight.()2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.()3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.()練習(xí)(一)表語謂語表語一.指出下例句子劃線部分是什么句子成份。練習(xí)(一)表語謂語64.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.()5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.()6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.()7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?()同位語狀語形式賓語定語4.He,mybrother,managedto78.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.()9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?()10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.()間接賓語、直接賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語插入語8.Tobehonest,yourwriting8Myperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard,_____,Ifailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime2.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.(NMET2002)A.thatB.oneC.itD.what二.單項(xiàng)填空CBMyperformanceinthedriving9OnmywayhomeImetanoldfriendofmy.2.Theypaidnoattentiontothedoctor’sadvicetheyshouldstopsmoking.三.單句改錯(cuò)第二個(gè)my改為mine在they前加that

OnmywayhomeImetanoldfr102.同位語從句theAppositiveclause(1)同位語從句的定義在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。2.同位語從句theAppositiveclause11它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名詞的后面,對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋,說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that,連接副詞how,when,

where,whether,what等。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth12e.g.Thehope

thathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblem

whetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoidea

whenhewillcomeback.e.g.Thehopethathemayreco13同位語從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.同位語從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：注意:Thestor14⑵同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式:①由that引導(dǎo)Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.⑵同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式:15ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.Thenewsthathehasbeenelec16②由whether引導(dǎo)Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引導(dǎo)Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.②由whether引導(dǎo)17⑶有時(shí)可用

namely

(即),that

is

to

say(也就是說),

in

other

words

(換句話說),that

is(那就是),

for

example

等引出同位語,說明其前面的名詞或

代詞。有時(shí)同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。

Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseum

isopentoall.

ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,

thatis,topracticemore.

AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthe

lengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.⑶有時(shí)可用namely(即),thatisto18⑷同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:

同位語從句與定語從句在使用中常?；煜?

我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面區(qū)別它們:①同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞;

定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也有不抽象的。

Weexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisit

Chinaagain.(同位語從句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.

(定語從句)⑷同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:19②

同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系；定語從句所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位語從句,news和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定語從句,news是told的邏輯賓語)②同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有20Theorderwhenweshouldgoback

hasn’treachedus.(同位語從句,order和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfounded

willneverbeforgotten.(定語從句,day是founded

的邏輯狀語)Theorderwhenweshouldgoba21③同位語從句主要由連接詞that引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)也可用when,where,who,whether等引導(dǎo);定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.(同)Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?(定)③同位語從句主要由連接詞that引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)22

同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個(gè)

完整句子,謂語動(dòng)詞用be的不同形式。

Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.

此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)表語從句:

Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個(gè)23從引導(dǎo)詞來看:引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語從句中是連詞,只起連接作用,無具體詞義,that

不可省略;that在定語從句中是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分—主語或賓語，有具體詞義,作賓語時(shí)還可以省略。例如：

a)Thefactory______wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.b)Thenews______hewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.(that)that定語從句同位語從句從引導(dǎo)詞來看:引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語從句中(that)th241.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./

Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.Thefact

thattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot.I.把下面兩個(gè)句子連成一個(gè)含同位語從句的復(fù)合句。1.Twofifthsofallgirlsin252.TheQueenofEnglandwasona

four-dayvisitinChina./

Weheard

thenewslastnight.Weheardthenewslastnight

thattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.2.TheQueenofEnglandwason263.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuch

timeonline.

/

ManyChineseparents

holdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheview

thatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendt274.Timetravelispossible.

/

Wehave

noscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea

thattimetravelispossible.4.Timetravelispossible./285.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefree

time./Thesuggestioniswelcomedby

manypeople.Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmo291.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.

我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。

(賓語從句)2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowell

inhis

exam.

約翰肯定會(huì)考好。(主語從句)II.翻譯句子，并說明這個(gè)名詞性從句的作用。1.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohave303.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’t

mattertoomuch.

他們來不來無關(guān)緊要。(主語從句)4.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.

現(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時(shí)候。(表語從句)5.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.

我不知道她是如何穿過那個(gè)森林的。

(同位語從句)6.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.

他們獲獎(jiǎng)的事實(shí)令我們高興。(同位語從句)3.Whethertheyarecomingor311.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.2.Chinaisnolonger_____

itusedtobe.3.Iamveryinterestedin_____

heimproved

hisEnglishinsuchashorttime.4.______weneedismoremoney.5.Thetruth_____theearthturnsaroundthe

sunisknowntous.6._____and______

wewillmeethasnotbeen

decidedyet.which

what

how

WhatⅢ.

用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空。thatWhenwhere1.Ican’tdecide_____bookI321.Thenews________________________________________________________(她通過了高考)isexciting.2.Mikemadeapromise___________________________________(他將幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語)collegeentranceexamination

mewithmyEnglish.Ⅳ.

用名詞性從句完成下列句子。thatshehaspassedthenationalthathewouldhelp1.Thenews__________________33ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupof

threecountriesisknowntous.2.Thecontinentthatconsistsoftwocountries

isdevelopingveryfast.(同位語從句)(定語從句)Ⅴ指出劃線部分是什么從句。ThefactthatGreatBritainis343.Thenewsthattheplanewilltakeoffontime

makeseverybodyhappy.4.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundthecountry

isthataheavystormiscoming.5.Thesuggestionthatweshouldlearnsomething

practicalisworthconsidering.(同位語從句)(定語從句,表語從句)(同位語從句)3.Thenewsthattheplanewil35Oneofthemheldtheview____thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether2.Thereason____hehastogois____hismotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;becauseⅥ.

單項(xiàng)選擇B

COneofthemheldtheview____363.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when4.Ihavenoidea_______.A.howtodoB.whenshallwestartoutforthetripC.whathashappenedtomywifeD.howmuchhavetheyearnedB

C

3.Theyreceivedorders_____375.Ithink____certainthatshewilldowellinherexam.A.thatB.thisisC.itD.what’s6.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.whereC

C5.Ithink____certainthats387.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why8.That’stheonlything____hecandonow.A.whichB.allC.thatD.whatA

C

7.He’sgothimselfintoadan399.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as10.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whetherB

B

9.Informationhasbeenputfo4011.Hiscentralideais____thelosersdonotwritehistory.A.XB.becauseC.thatD.whether12.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea_____thepartyistobeheld?A.what

B.which

C.that

D.whereC

D

11.Hiscentralideais____t4113.Thereisaruleinourschool_____nooneispermittedtosmoke.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what14.Hedidn’tknowwhichroom_____.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheyliveinC

B

13.Thereisaruleinoursch4215.Weshouldstickto____istrue.A.whichB.thatC.anythingwhichD.whatever16.Youwillfindnomistake____I’vewritten.A.whatB.inwhatC.withwhatD.thatB

D

15.Weshouldstickto____is431)Thefact______heusedtobeathiefisknowntoall.2)Weweresurprisedbythefact__________shetoldus.3)Thenextthing______mustbedoneistomakeaplan.that同that/which定that定Ⅶ.

填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞,并判斷是定語從句還是同位語從句。1)Thefact______heusedto444)Wordcame____ourarmyhadwonthebattle.5)Thepresidenthasgivenanorder____everyoneinthecountryshouldprepareforawar____mightlastforseveralyears.6)We’vejustheardawarningontheradio_____ahurricaneislikelytocome.that同that同that同that定4)Wordcame____ourarmyhad457)