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2011年考研英語一真題及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.^^

But---someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysical

filnessLaughterdoesshort-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,

heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto,agood

laughisunlikelytohavebenefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently

accomplishesthe,studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter,muscles,

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelptheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,the

actoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesoffeedback,thatimprovean

individuaEsemotionalstate.oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartially

rootedphysicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdo

notcrytheyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalsotears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflowmuscular

responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.

1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affbrdable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mentl[C]subconscious[D]internal

11.[A]Exceptfbr[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]untilC]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]fbllows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],

[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

-1-

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirector

hasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhis

appointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.

“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertis

comparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilberfsappointmentinthe

Times,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”

Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledby

musicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsome

Timesreadersasfeintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobe

sure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryforme

tovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodo

istogotomyCDshelf;orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfrom

iTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformanceare

missingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classical

instrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,and

museums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20th

century.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistic

qualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed“atatimeandplaceof

thelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtabouta

crisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisfbrclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnot

yetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,a

classical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonic

into"amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.^^Butwhatwillbethenatureofthat

difference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestralrepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthe

Philharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldest

orchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert'sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbeifsroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.

Text2

-2-

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanation

wassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecame

rightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.^^Broadcastinghis

ambitionwas“verymuchmydecision/9McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthe

firsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOand

chairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindof

companyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.

AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquit

withtheexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccession

plansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthenodalsomaywishto

moveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvague

pronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomake

thejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoas

nervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomy

picksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.Foryears

executivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesare

theoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:9,Ican'tthinkofa

singlesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.Ellen

MarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayear

beforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleft

Citigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancial

institutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishas

madeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone."Thetraditionalrulewasifs

safertostaywhereyouare,butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,saysoneheadhunter."The

peoplewho'vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong.”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives,quittingmaybespurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

[A]approvedof[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it7ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.

-3-

Whiletraditional"paid”media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements-still

playamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumers

passionateaboutaproductmaycreate"owned"mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproducts

andsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroad

rangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.For

earnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorfbrusers'responses.Butinsomecases,one

marketer9sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia-fbrinstance,whenan

e-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmedia

whosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengines

withinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybegan

withretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.

Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythat

promotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,the

presenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiesto

learnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies9marketing,andmayhelpexpand

usertrafficfbrallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(and

morediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumers

willvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijacked

mediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,

otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.

Membersofsocialnetworks,fbrinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapply

pressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,

puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany'sresponsemay

notbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,fbr

example,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelatively

quickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengage

withconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.

31.Consumersmaycreate“earned"mediawhentheyare

[A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.

[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment.[B]randomcompetition.

[C]strongusertraffic.[D]flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.

[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.

34.ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

-4-

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

Text4

It'snosurprisethatJenniferSenior'sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“Ilove

MyChildren,IHateMyLife/9isarousingmuchchatter-nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethe

suggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfilling,life-enriching

experience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Senior

suggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbe

measuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.

Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwrites

that“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintense

gratificationanddelight.^^

Themagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonly

Madonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive

-andnewlysingle-momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual"JenniferAnistonispregnant^^

news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthe

newsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyou

regrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn'tseem

quitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparents

rarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn'thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksare

botheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:

obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.

Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeople

presentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.

Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,single

parentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakid

withoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir"own"

(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.

It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReese

andAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.But

it'sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancing

parenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswith

theactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel“might

makeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.

36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring

[A]temporarydelight[B]enjoymentinprogress

[C]happinessinretrospect[D]lastingreward

37.WelearnfromParagraph2that

[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourcefbrgossip.

[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.

[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.

[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.

-5-

38.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks

[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.

[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis

[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.

40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.

[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.

[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequired

toreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthem

intothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthe

humanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedical

doctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnine

years.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheir

degrees.

[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.

Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajor

inbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleading

Americanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideas

thateveryeducatedpersonshouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata"general

education^^shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,uuthegreatbooksarereadbecause

theyhavebeenread^-theyformasortofsocialglue.

[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichthey

enteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.Thisispartlybecauseuniversities

continuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:

Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor'sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.

Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,many

humanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingfbrwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.

[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacross

theinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessional

educationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperienceboth

varieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineor

business,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebefore

embarkingonaprofessionalqualification.

[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversities

haveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyfbracademicresearchhas

speededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfaculty

teachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionof

adoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisitefbrasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdof

-6-

Americanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMr

Menand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissible

butnottransferable."Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionof

knowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.

[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayin

which"theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.^Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothink

dangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateand

criticize.,,Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryand

moreholistic.,9Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.

[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistance

intheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakea

doctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.Forsomethingcurioushasbeen

happeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvard

University,captureditskillfully.

G-41.—42.fEf43.f44.f45.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,“creatingourinnercharacterandouter

circumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthe

centralideaofself-helpwriting.

(46)Allen'scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenot

robotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofus

believethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmade

powerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthatthe

unconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybe

abletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealityweare

continuallyfacedwithaquestion:"WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”

Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwith

desire,Allenconcluded:"Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare."Achievement

happensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon't"get"successbut

becomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.

PartofthefameofAllen'sbookisitscontentionthat"Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,

theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,anda

rationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseat

thebottom.

This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetof

circumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalways

determinedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat,

(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehave

been"wronged“thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromour

situation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,aperson'searlylifeanditsconditionsare

oftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.

ThesoberingaspectofAllen'sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresent

-7-

conditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthat

everythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebecome

authoritiesofwhatispossible.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Writealettertoafriendofyoursto

1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand

2)givereasonsforyourrecommendation

Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User“LIMING59instead.

Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,you

should

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainit'sintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

-8-

2010年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

2010年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrial

experimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedthey

wouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workers*productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2

givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect”,theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeing

experimenteduponchangedsubjects*behavior.

Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto

5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwas

dimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,

productivityrose.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalter

workers*behavior10itself.

Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorne

experimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13was

foundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14

interpretationofwhathapped.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.Whenworkstarted

againonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthe

nextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentation

showedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysof

theweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoffThissuggeststhatthealleged

"Hawthorneeffect0ishardtopindown.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.

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