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2011年考研英語一真題及答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.^^
But---someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysical
filnessLaughterdoesshort-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,
heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto,agood
laughisunlikelytohavebenefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently
accomplishesthe,studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter,muscles,
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelptheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,the
actoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesoffeedback,thatimprovean
individuaEsemotionalstate.oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartially
rootedphysicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdo
notcrytheyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalsotears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflowmuscular
responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.
1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affbrdable[D]renewable
6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10.[A]physical[B]mentl[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.[A]Exceptfbr[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13.[A]unless[B]untilC]if[D]because
14.[A]exhausts[B]fbllows[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond
16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],
[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
-1-
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirector
hasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhis
appointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.
“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertis
comparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilberfsappointmentinthe
Times,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”
Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledby
musicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsome
Timesreadersasfeintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobe
sure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryforme
tovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodo
istogotomyCDshelf;orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfrom
iTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformanceare
missingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classical
instrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,and
museums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20th
century.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistic
qualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed“atatimeandplaceof
thelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtabouta
crisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisfbrclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnot
yetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,a
classical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonic
into"amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.^^Butwhatwillbethenatureofthat
difference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestralrepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthe
Philharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldest
orchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert'sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbeifsroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.
Text2
-2-
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanation
wassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecame
rightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.^^Broadcastinghis
ambitionwas“verymuchmydecision/9McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthe
firsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOand
chairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindof
companyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.
AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquit
withtheexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccession
plansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthenodalsomaywishto
moveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvague
pronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomake
thejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoas
nervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomy
picksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.Foryears
executivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesare
theoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:9,Ican'tthinkofa
singlesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.Ellen
MarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayear
beforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleft
Citigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancial
institutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishas
madeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone."Thetraditionalrulewasifs
safertostaywhereyouare,butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,saysoneheadhunter."The
peoplewho'vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong.”
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives,quittingmaybespurredby
[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans
[A]approvedof[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.
[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it7ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?
[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers
Text3
Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.
-3-
Whiletraditional"paid”media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements-still
playamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumers
passionateaboutaproductmaycreate"owned"mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproducts
andsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroad
rangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.
Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.For
earnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorfbrusers'responses.Butinsomecases,one
marketer9sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia-fbrinstance,whenan
e-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmedia
whosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengines
withinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybegan
withretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.
Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythat
promotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,the
presenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiesto
learnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies9marketing,andmayhelpexpand
usertrafficfbrallcompaniesconcerned.
Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(and
morediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumers
willvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijacked
mediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,
otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.
Membersofsocialnetworks,fbrinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapply
pressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.
Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,
puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany'sresponsemay
notbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,fbr
example,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelatively
quickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengage
withconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.
31.Consumersmaycreate“earned"mediawhentheyare
[A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.
[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.
[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.
[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.
32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature
[A]asafebusinessenvironment.[B]randomcompetition.
[C]strongusertraffic.[D]flexibilityinorganization.
33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia
[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.
[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.
[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.
[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.
34.ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof
[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.
-4-
[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.
35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?
[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.
[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.[D]Popularityofownedmedia.
Text4
It'snosurprisethatJenniferSenior'sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“Ilove
MyChildren,IHateMyLife/9isarousingmuchchatter-nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethe
suggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfilling,life-enriching
experience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Senior
suggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbe
measuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.
Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwrites
that“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintense
gratificationanddelight.^^
Themagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonly
Madonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive
-andnewlysingle-momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual"JenniferAnistonispregnant^^
news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthe
newsstands.
Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyou
regrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn'tseem
quitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparents
rarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn'thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksare
botheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:
obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.
Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeople
presentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.
Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,single
parentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakid
withoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir"own"
(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.
It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReese
andAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.But
it'sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancing
parenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswith
theactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel“might
makeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.
36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring
[A]temporarydelight[B]enjoymentinprogress
[C]happinessinretrospect[D]lastingreward
37.WelearnfromParagraph2that
[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourcefbrgossip.
[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.
[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.
[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.
-5-
38.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks
[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.
[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.
39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis
[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.
40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.
[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.
[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.
[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.
PartB
Directions:
Thefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequired
toreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthem
intothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson
ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthe
humanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedical
doctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnine
years.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheir
degrees.
[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.
Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajor
inbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleading
Americanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideas
thateveryeducatedpersonshouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata"general
education^^shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,uuthegreatbooksarereadbecause
theyhavebeenread^-theyformasortofsocialglue.
[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichthey
enteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.Thisispartlybecauseuniversities
continuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:
Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor'sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.
Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,many
humanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingfbrwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.
[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacross
theinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessional
educationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperienceboth
varieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineor
business,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebefore
embarkingonaprofessionalqualification.
[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversities
haveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyfbracademicresearchhas
speededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfaculty
teachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionof
adoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisitefbrasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdof
-6-
Americanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMr
Menand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissible
butnottransferable."Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionof
knowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.
[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayin
which"theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.^Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothink
dangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateand
criticize.,,Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryand
moreholistic.,9Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.
[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistance
intheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakea
doctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.Forsomethingcurioushasbeen
happeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvard
University,captureditskillfully.
G-41.—42.fEf43.f44.f45.
PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.
YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,“creatingourinnercharacterandouter
circumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthe
centralideaofself-helpwriting.
(46)Allen'scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenot
robotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofus
believethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmade
powerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthatthe
unconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybe
abletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealityweare
continuallyfacedwithaquestion:"WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”
Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwith
desire,Allenconcluded:"Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare."Achievement
happensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon't"get"successbut
becomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.
PartofthefameofAllen'sbookisitscontentionthat"Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,
theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,anda
rationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseat
thebottom.
This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetof
circumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalways
determinedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat,
(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehave
been"wronged“thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromour
situation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,aperson'searlylifeanditsconditionsare
oftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.
ThesoberingaspectofAllen'sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresent
-7-
conditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthat
everythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebecome
authoritiesofwhatispossible.
SectionIIIWriting
PartA
51.Directions:
Writealettertoafriendofyoursto
1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand
2)givereasonsforyourrecommendation
Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User“LIMING59instead.
Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)
PartB
52.Directions:
Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,you
should
1)describethedrawingbriefly,
2)explainit'sintendedmeaning,and
3)giveyourcomments.
YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)
-8-
2010年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題
2010年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題
In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrial
experimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedthey
wouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workers*productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2
givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect”,theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeing
experimenteduponchangedsubjects*behavior.
Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto
5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwas
dimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,
productivityrose.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalter
workers*behavior10itself.
Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorne
experimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13was
foundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.
Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14
interpretationofwhathapped.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.Whenworkstarted
againonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthe
nextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentation
showedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysof
theweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoffThissuggeststhatthealleged
"Hawthorneeffect0ishardtopindown.
1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored
2.
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