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細(xì)菌的生物學(xué)形狀七年制Morphology
and
Structureof
BacteriaSection
1I
、
Size
and
Shape
ofbacteriaSize
of
bacteriameasure
unit
-----
μm
(micrometer)炭疽芽胞桿菌3-10
μm大中大腸埃希菌2-3
μm小布魯菌0.6-1.5
μmShape
of
bacteriadiplococcus
;
streptococcus;staphylococcus;
tetrads;sarcinaCoccusstreptobacillus;
coccobacilluBacillusmycobacterium;
bifidobacteriuSpiralvibrio
;
spirillum
;bacteriuhmelicobacterium
;淋球菌鏈球菌葡萄球菌大家有疑問的,可以詢問和交流可以互相討論下,但要小聲點(diǎn)四聯(lián)球菌八疊球菌大腸桿菌核梭桿菌炭疽桿菌雙歧桿菌炭疽桿菌結(jié)核桿菌大腸桿菌幽門螺桿菌霍亂弧菌Structure
of
BacteriaStructure
of
BacteriaPlasmidcell
wallElementary
structurecell
membranecytoplasmnucleoidcapsuleSpecial
structureflagellum
(flagellpilus
(pili)sporeElementary
structureCell
Wall1、
structure
&
chemical
positionpeptidoglycan(mucopeptide)polysaccharide
backboneN-acetylglucosamine
(G)and
N-acetylmuramic
acid
(M)linked
alternately
in
a
chain、tetrapeptide
side
chainlink
muramic acid
,G+
:
ala-glu-lys-alaG-
:
ala-glu-DAP-ala3)
pentapeptide
bridgeG+【L-glycine】5MMGMMMGGGMpenicillinMMlysozymeGMGStructure
of
peptidoglycan
of
G+
bacteriGGGGMMalagluDAPalaalaglu
alaDAPStructure
of
peptidoglycan
of
G-
bacteriaSpecial
ponents
of
G+
cell
wall1、teichoic
acids:wall
teichoic
acidmembrane
teichoic
acid(lipoteichoic
acid,
LTA)function
:the
major
surface
antigens
of
the
gram-positive
bacteriaassociated
with
pathogenicity
(adhesion)2、protein:SPA,
M-proteinSpecial
ponents
of
G-
cell
wall1、lipopolysaccharide(LPS)lipid
A
---endotoxin
,
non-genus
specificcore
polysaccharide3)specific
polysaccharide2、Outer
membrane
protein:exchange
;
receptor
(sex
pili
,phage);
porin3、Lipoprotein4、periplasmic
space“O”oAguter
membThe
Function
of
Cell
Wallprotectionkeep
the
constant
shapeantigenicityexchange
materialL-Forms
of
Bacteriacell
wall
deficient
form1)Morphology:
highly
pleomorphic;
G-fried
egg
colonyreversionG+------protoplastsG-
------spheroplasts2)Media
:
high
osmotic
;3)Pathogenicity
:
chronic
infections;resistant
to
antibiotic
treatmentcell
membranemesosomemesosomeinvagination
vesicular
membraneincrease
membrane
areamesosomeseptal
mesosome
:
cell
divisionmesosomeMembrane-associated
proteins1、Penicillin-binding
protein(PBP)2、Protein
secretion
system:G-five
pathways
of
protein
secretionI;
II;
III;
IV;
V3、Two-ponent
systemTwo-ponent
signal
transduction
systemribosome70S
(30S+50S)RNA(66%),
protein(34%)rRNA---23S,
16S,
5Santibiotictargetprotein
synthesizecytoplasmribosomeplasmidcircleextra-chromosomal
genetic
materialdouble
chains
DNAreplicated
independentlycarry
genetic
informationcontrol
some
functions
of
bacteriafactor
F
---------control
sex
pilusfactor
R----------control
drug
resistancecol
faction------control
E、col、to
producebacteriocin、plasmidCytoplasmic
granulesreserve
materialhepatinmetachromatic
granuleNucleoidDNA;histone-like
protein,
RNASpecialStructurecapsuleslime
layer
outside
the
cell
wallposed
of
polysaccharide
orpolypeptideproduce:
in
animal
bodyin
media
with
serum
or
sugar>0、2
μmcapsule<0、2
μm
microcapsule肺炎雙球菌莢膜pneumococcus莢膜Function1、anti—phagocytosis2、adherence3、protected
fromthelytic
action
of
plements,
lysozymeand
damage
of antimicrobial
agents、4、anti-dry5、antigenicityFlagellaLong
filamentous
appendageOriginate
in
the
protoplasmic
membraneFunction1、motility2、antigenicity:“H”Ag3、
pathogenicity
some
bacteria
(vibrio)霍亂弧菌假單胞菌傷寒桿菌螺旋體空腸彎曲菌peritrichouspolarpilirigid surface
appendage;G-1、
mon
pilus
:
100—200/celladhere
to
surface
of
bacteriaassociated
with
pathogenicity、2、
sex
pilus
:
1-4/cellmale
bacteria
with
sex
pilustransfer
of
genetic
material(DNA)during
bacteria
conjugation
F+--------F-大腸桿菌普通菌毛大腸桿菌性菌毛普通菌毛普通菌毛sporedormant
form
(resting
forms
)forming:
inadequate
nutritiongerminationspore
vegetative
formactivation
initiation
outgrowt肉毒桿菌芽胞炭疽桿菌芽胞肉毒桿菌芽胞破傷風(fēng)桿菌芽胞肉毒桿菌芽胞破傷風(fēng)桿菌芽胞Structure
of
Sporecoregermination3)
functionhighly
resistant
to
heat,
chemical
andreason:(1)many
layers
----thick
coatlittle
waterlarge
amount
of
calcium
dipicolinic
acid(吡啶二羧酸鈣)(4)heat-stable
enzymeSection
2Bacterial
Multiplication
anMetabolismBacterial
MultiplicatiBacterial
requirements
for
growthnutrientsoptimal
pHoptimal
temperatureoxygen
(or
absence)osmotic
pressureNutrient
Requirementscarboninorganic
saltnitrogenwatergrowth
factorpHgrow
best
at
neutral
pH:7、2~7、6Some
can
survive/growacid
pH
3alkali
pH
9Growth
temperaturepsychrophile:
-5~30℃mesophile:
10~45℃human
body
temperature:
37
℃pathogensopportuniststhermophile:
25~95℃Growth
atmospherestrict
(obligate)
aerobemicroaerophilic
bacteriumfacultative
anaerobestrict
(obligate)
anaerobegrow
inReason
that
obligate
anaerobes
can’toxygen
condition:Lack
of
cytochrome
and
cytochromase Eh
300mv/120mvLack
of
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD)
,catalase
,
peroxidasesuperoxide
dism
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