細(xì)菌的生物學(xué)形狀七年制

細(xì)菌的生物學(xué)形狀七年制Morphology

and

Structureof

BacteriaSection

1I

、

Size

and

Shape

ofbacteriaSize

of

bacteriameasure

unit

-----

μm

(micrometer)炭疽芽胞桿菌3-10

μm大中大腸埃希菌2-3

μm小布魯菌0.6-1.5

μmShape

of

bacteriadiplococcus

;

streptococcus;staphylococcus;

tetrads;sarcinaCoccusstreptobacillus;

coccobacilluBacillusmycobacterium;

bifidobacteriuSpiralvibrio

;

spirillum

;bacteriuhmelicobacterium

;淋球菌鏈球菌葡萄球菌大家有疑問的，可以詢問和交流可以互相討論下，但要小聲點(diǎn)四聯(lián)球菌八疊球菌大腸桿菌核梭桿菌炭疽桿菌雙歧桿菌炭疽桿菌結(jié)核桿菌大腸桿菌幽門螺桿菌霍亂弧菌Structure

of

BacteriaStructure

of

BacteriaPlasmidcell

wallElementary

structurecell

membranecytoplasmnucleoidcapsuleSpecial

structureflagellum

(flagellpilus

(pili)sporeElementary

structureCell

Wall1、

structure

&

chemical

positionpeptidoglycan(mucopeptide)polysaccharide

backboneN-acetylglucosamine

(G)and

N-acetylmuramic

acid

(M)linked

alternately

in

a

chain、tetrapeptide

side

chainlink

muramic acid

,G+

:

ala-glu-lys-alaG-

:

ala-glu-DAP-ala3)

pentapeptide

bridgeG+【L-glycine】5MMGMMMGGGMpenicillinMMlysozymeGMGStructure

of

peptidoglycan

of

G+

bacteriGGGGMMalagluDAPalaalaglu

alaDAPStructure

of

peptidoglycan

of

G-

bacteriaSpecial

ponents

of

G+

cell

wall1、teichoic

acids:wall

teichoic

acidmembrane

teichoic

acid(lipoteichoic

acid,

LTA)function

:the

major

surface

antigens

of

the

gram-positive

bacteriaassociated

with

pathogenicity

(adhesion)2、protein:SPA,

M-proteinSpecial

ponents

of

G-

cell

wall1、lipopolysaccharide(LPS)lipid

A

---endotoxin

,

non-genus

specificcore

polysaccharide3)specific

polysaccharide2、Outer

membrane

protein:exchange

;

receptor

(sex

pili

,phage);

porin3、Lipoprotein4、periplasmic

space“O”oAguter

membThe

Function

of

Cell

Wallprotectionkeep

the

constant

shapeantigenicityexchange

materialL-Forms

of

Bacteriacell

wall

deficient

form1)Morphology:

highly

pleomorphic;

G-fried

egg

colonyreversionG+------protoplastsG-

------spheroplasts2)Media

:

high

osmotic

;3)Pathogenicity

:

chronic

infections;resistant

to

antibiotic

treatmentcell

membranemesosomemesosomeinvagination

vesicular

membraneincrease

membrane

areamesosomeseptal

mesosome

:

cell

divisionmesosomeMembrane-associated

proteins1、Penicillin-binding

protein(PBP)2、Protein

secretion

system:G-five

pathways

of

protein

secretionI;

II;

III;

IV;

V3、Two-ponent

systemTwo-ponent

signal

transduction

systemribosome70S

(30S+50S)RNA(66%),

protein(34%)rRNA---23S,

16S,

5Santibiotictargetprotein

synthesizecytoplasmribosomeplasmidcircleextra-chromosomal

genetic

materialdouble

chains

DNAreplicated

independentlycarry

genetic

informationcontrol

some

functions

of

bacteriafactor

F

---------control

sex

pilusfactor

R----------control

drug

resistancecol

faction------control

E、col、to

producebacteriocin、plasmidCytoplasmic

granulesreserve

materialhepatinmetachromatic

granuleNucleoidDNA;histone-like

protein,

RNASpecialStructurecapsuleslime

layer

outside

the

cell

wallposed

of

polysaccharide

orpolypeptideproduce:

in

animal

bodyin

media

with

serum

or

sugar>0、2

μmcapsule<0、2

μm

microcapsule肺炎雙球菌莢膜pneumococcus莢膜Function1、anti—phagocytosis2、adherence3、protected

fromthelytic

action

of

plements,

lysozymeand

damage

of antimicrobial

agents、4、anti-dry5、antigenicityFlagellaLong

filamentous

appendageOriginate

in

the

protoplasmic

membraneFunction1、motility2、antigenicity:“H”Ag3、

pathogenicity

some

bacteria

(vibrio)霍亂弧菌假單胞菌傷寒桿菌螺旋體空腸彎曲菌peritrichouspolarpilirigid surface

appendage;G-1、

mon

pilus

:

100—200/celladhere

to

surface

of

bacteriaassociated

with

pathogenicity、2、

sex

pilus

:

1-4/cellmale

bacteria

with

sex

pilustransfer

of

genetic

material(DNA)during

bacteria

conjugation

F+--------F-大腸桿菌普通菌毛大腸桿菌性菌毛普通菌毛普通菌毛sporedormant

form

(resting

forms

)forming:

inadequate

nutritiongerminationspore

vegetative

formactivation

initiation

outgrowt肉毒桿菌芽胞炭疽桿菌芽胞肉毒桿菌芽胞破傷風(fēng)桿菌芽胞肉毒桿菌芽胞破傷風(fēng)桿菌芽胞Structure

of

Sporecoregermination3)

functionhighly

resistant

to

heat,

chemical

andreason:(1)many

layers

----thick

coatlittle

waterlarge

amount

of

calcium

dipicolinic

acid(吡啶二羧酸鈣)(4)heat-stable

enzymeSection

2Bacterial

Multiplication

anMetabolismBacterial

MultiplicatiBacterial

requirements

for

growthnutrientsoptimal

pHoptimal

temperatureoxygen

(or

absence)osmotic

pressureNutrient

Requirementscarboninorganic

saltnitrogenwatergrowth

factorpHgrow

best

at

neutral

pH:7、2~7、6Some

can

survive/growacid

pH

3alkali

pH

9Growth

temperaturepsychrophile:

-5~30℃mesophile:

10~45℃human

body

temperature:

37

℃pathogensopportuniststhermophile:

25~95℃Growth

atmospherestrict

(obligate)

aerobemicroaerophilic

bacteriumfacultative

anaerobestrict

(obligate)

anaerobegrow

inReason

that

obligate

anaerobes

can’toxygen

condition:Lack

of

cytochrome

and

cytochromase Eh

300mv/120mvLack

of

superoxide

dismutase

(SOD)

,catalase

,

peroxidasesuperoxide

dism