山西省大同一中2020屆高三下學(xué)期模擬考試英語試題（三）

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精PAGE1-版權(quán)所有@高考資源網(wǎng)學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2019-2020學(xué)年山西省大同一中高三(下)模擬英語試卷（三）第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1。5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題.每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt？A?！?9.15。B?！?.18。C.￡9.15。答案是C。1。Whowillprintoutthereports？A.Mr。Paddock.B.MissAndrews。C.Mrs。Dalloway.2。Whatdoesthemantellthewoman？A。Shewillbebored。B.Itmightbecold.CShewillgetlost。3。Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation？A。Artmuseums。B。Outdoorgardens.C。Sundayactivities.4。Whatdoesthemanwantthewoman'scousintodo?A。Moveout。B。Getanextrabed.C.Stayforonemoremonth.5。Whoisthemanprobably？A.Afilmproducer.B.Awriter.C.Asinger.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1。5分，滿分22。5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白.每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間.每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。6。（1）Wheredidthewoman’sparentsgetherpresent?A.AtaChristmasgiftstore。B.Atanantiquestore.C.Atarecordstore。（2)Whatdoesthewomansayabouttherecords？A。Theyareold.B.Theyareexpensive.C。Theyaresmall。7。（1）Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A。Thepriceofgettingapuppy.B。Theworktotakecareofapuppy.C.Thenoisethepuppywouldmake.（2）Whatdoesthewomansuggestintheend？A.Talkingwiththekids。B。Doingsomeresearchfirst。C。Visitingananimalshelterrightaway。8.（1)Whatistheman'sfinaldestination？A。SaltLakeCity，USA.B。NewYorkCity，USA.C。Helsinki，F(xiàn)inland。（2）Whatistheflightnumberforthesecondhalfoftheman'sjourney？A.90.B.980。C。1070.（3)Whatrequestdidthemanmakeregardinghisflight？A。Herequestedadiscount.B。Hewantedawindowseat.C.Heaskedforspecially﹣preparedmeals.9.(1）Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace？A.Inalivingroom。B。Atafashionshow.C.Inanoffice。（2）Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthecoat?A。Thesize。B.Thecolors.C。Thecollar.（3）Whathelpsthewomanloseweight？A。Running.B。Swimming.C。Watchingherdiet.（4）Howdoesthemanreacttothewoman’smethod？A.Surprised.B。Disappointed。C。Worried.10。(1)Whatdoesthespeakerasktherunnerstodo？A。Standinline。B。Doapracticerun.C。Followavolunteer。（2）Whatwillbeavailableatthestationseverytwomiles？A.Medicalassistance.B。Reporters.C.Drinks.(3）Whatisforbiddeninthisrace？A。Headphones。B。Food.C.Photos。（4)Whenwilltherunningcoursebetakendown？A。Inthemid﹣morning。B。Atmidday.C。Intheearlyafternoon.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題,每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B.C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。GuinnessWorldRecordsSetbyKids?TheyoungestclubDJOratilweAJHongwanelikesputtinginmoreeffortswhenplayingmusicforacrowd。In2012,hebecametheyoungestclubDJ-hewasfivewhenheplayedaone-hoursetto100peopleatabarinSouthAfrica.KnowninthebusinessasDJArchJnr,hebroketherecordpreviouslyheldbyasix-year—oldinJapan.?Themostviewedvideogame-unboxingvideoKidslovewatchingsomeoneunboxanewpurchase-especiallyifit’ssomethingtheycan’tgetthemselves.Maybethat'swhymorethan25millionpeoplehavewatchedYouTubeHD.What’sreallycoolaboutEvanisthatheactuallydonatesmostofthetoystothoseinneed.HealsouseshispopularYouTubechanneltodrawpeople'sattentiontoworthyorganizationsforhelpingthepoor.?TheyoungestdrummerTherulesofGuinnessWorldRecordssayadrummermustrecordarealsongandbepaidforhisskillsandthatthedrummermustgiveatleast20concertsof45minutesorlongerwithinfiveyears.AttheageofjustfourJulianPavonemetallthosequalifications。?Thefastestassembly（組裝)of10,000LegopiecesandthelongestLegochainAgroupofschoolkidsinNewJerseywentfortheirworldrecordstoincreasepublicawarenessaboutafellowstudentwhoissufferingfromarareanddeadlydisease。Thegroupputtogether10,000Legopiecesinjustthreehours,breakingtheoldonebyfivehours.TheyalsosettherecordforthelongestLegochain,whichendedupat947meters，beatingtheoldrecordby40。1.Whoisdevotedtocharity？A.OratilweAJHongwane. B。Evan.C。DJArchJnr. D。JulianPavone.2.Whatdoweknowabouttheyoungestdrummer?A。Hehasrecorded20realsongs。B.Hegaveatleast20concertsatfive.C.Hemustearnalotofmoneybyrecording.D.HewasqualifiedfortheGuinessWorldReordsatfour。3.Whydidtheschoolkidssettheworldrecord?A.Tohelpasickschoolmate。B。Toinspireteamspirit。C.Topreventararedisease。D。Tomaketheirschoolfamous?！敬鸢浮?。B2.D3.A【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文中介紹了四項(xiàng)由小孩創(chuàng)立的吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄:最年輕的俱樂部DJ;最受歡迎的電子游戲-——拆箱視頻;最年輕的鼓手；一萬個(gè)樂高積木搭建速度最快的紀(jì)錄以及最長的樂高長鏈?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“Themostviewedvideogame-unboxingvideo"下的“What’sreallycoolaboutEvanisthatheactuallydonatesmostofthetoystothoseinneed.（關(guān)于Evan，更酷的是實(shí)際上他把大多數(shù)的玩具捐贈給有需要的人)”可知，Evan是致力于慈善事業(yè)的?！癲onate…tothoseinneed（捐贈給需要的人）”與題干中的charity(慈善）呼應(yīng)，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的“theyoungestdrummer(最年輕的鼓手）"可將本題答案定位在第三個(gè)標(biāo)小題下.本段第一句描述了吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄對鼓手的要求，由第二句“AttheageofjustfourJulianPavonemetallthosequalifications。（四歲的JulianPavone滿足了那些所有要求）”可知，這名年紀(jì)最小的鼓手滿足了所有要求.故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“AgroupofschoolkidsinNewJerseywentfortheirworldrecordstoincreasepublicawarenessaboutafellowstudentwhoissufferingfromarareanddeadlydisease.（一組學(xué)生努力去創(chuàng)建這個(gè)世界紀(jì)錄是為了提高人們對于正在遭受一種罕見的致命的疾病的同學(xué)的關(guān)注）"可知,這群學(xué)生創(chuàng)建世界紀(jì)錄是為了幫助同學(xué)。故選A。Alettertotheeditorcomplainedaboutsomeonestringingtoiletpaperontheirtrees.Thatletterbroughtafloodofresponsesdefendingthisactasbeingharmlesstofriends：“It’sanhonortogettoiletpapered"，saidonewriter,“andgoodfunforteenagers.”Readingtheselettersbroughtmechuckles(輕聲笑）andthentearsastheywokeoldmemoriesofmymother’sninety-secondyear。Shewasseriouslyillthatautumn.AndIwatched，powerless.Adecadebefore，Ihelpedherbreakout”ofthenursinghome.Itwasafineplacewithacaringstaff.ButMomdidn’twantskilledcare:shewantedtoliveonherownandjustneededsomeassistancetodoso.Beinginamorerestrictiveenvironmentthannecessarywasbadforhercondition.Theriskpaidoff，andIwasrewardedbyseeingmymotheronceagainenjoyingherlife.Tenyearslater，Mom'shealthdeclined，andmycare-givingdutiesincreased。Oneevening,forsomeunexplainablereason,Iinvitedmymothertogotoiletpapering!Thisoutingwouldpushmymothertoherphysicallimits。WasImakingamistake？Secretlywewenttomybrother’shome.Inhisbackyard,IhandedMomarolloftoiletpaper.WithouthesitationsheshotitskywardMompaperedadozentreesinfourfamilyyardsthatunforgettableevening。Thedayafterourbigadventure，MomandIsentacardtoeachofourvictim,signed“Fromyourdecorators”.Welaughedallthewayhomefromthepostoffice,liketwoschoolgirls。Mymother’slastyearwasmarkedbyphysicaldecline。However，wesharedsomesimplefuneachday。Thoselight—heartedmomentswerelikeasalve(慰藉)，andtheyaretheonesI’llalwaysremember。Toiletpaperinghastaughtusthatplayispowerfulmedicine!4。Whydidtheauthorcrywhenreadingtheletter?A.Shewasblamedfortoiletpapering.B。Itbroughtherchildhoodmemory.C。Shethoughtofhersickmother.D.Itwasverystressful.5。Theauthorhelpedherleavethenursinghomeinorderthat____。A。MomcouldenjoyafreelifeB。MomcouldgetmoreskilledhomecareC。thenursingcostcouldbecutdownD.theycouldavoidtakingrisk6.Whatcanwelearnfromthemother'sexperienceoftoiletpapering？A。Theydidsomedamagetofourfamilyyards.B.Theyweremadetoapologizefortheirmistakes。C。Toiletpaperingmadeherillnessworsened。D.Toiletpaperingbroughtthemmuchpleasure.7。Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A。ALetterofComplaintB。LoveBetweenDaughterandMotherC。TheCuringPowerofToiletPapering。D.AnUnforgettableEveninginFamilyYards【答案】4.C5。A6。D7。C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章由讀者來信抱怨有人在他們家樹上掛滿衛(wèi)生紙一事,勾起了作者對母親的思念.為了讓年邁的母親開心，作者與母親也曾做過相似的事情?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中的“Readingtheselettersbroughtmechuckles（輕聲笑）andthentearsastheywokeoldmemoriesofmymother’sninety—secondyear.（讀者這些信件不由得讓我發(fā)笑,然后淚流滿面，因?yàn)樗鼈冏屛蚁肫鹆四赣H92歲那年的一些陳舊的記憶)"可知，作者哭了的原因是她想起了她當(dāng)年生病的母親。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Adecadebefore,Ihelpedherbreakoutofthenursinghome。Itwasafineplacewithacaringstaff。ButMomdidn’twantskilledcare:shewantedtoliveonherownandjustneededsomeassistancetodoso。Beinginamorerestrictiveenvironmentthannecessarywasbadforhercondition.（十年前,我?guī)蛬寢岆x開了養(yǎng)老院。那個(gè)地方有很貼心的護(hù)士.但是媽媽不需要專業(yè)的照顧:她想獨(dú)自生活，只需要一些幫助就可以.在一個(gè)超過需要的嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境中對她的情況不好。）”可知，作者幫助媽媽離開養(yǎng)老院是為了讓媽媽過更自由的生活。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Welaughedallthewayhomefromthepostoffice，liketwoschoolgirls。（我們從郵局回去的一路上都笑得很開心，像兩個(gè)學(xué)生）”可知，扔衛(wèi)生紙的經(jīng)歷給作者和她媽媽帶來很大歡樂。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題.這是一篇記敘文，文章中心一般會在最后一兩段中指出。由文章最后一段中的“Toiletpaperinghastaughtusthatplayispowerfulmedicine?。ㄈ有l(wèi)生紙讓我們明白開心地玩就像是一劑很有效的良藥)”可知，本文強(qiáng)調(diào)扔紙的治愈能力。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】主旨大意題是篇章閱讀一個(gè)主要的考查方式，標(biāo)題題（besttitle)是其一個(gè)典型的考點(diǎn)，也是高考閱讀中每年的必考題。主旨大意題解題技巧是不要被文章細(xì)節(jié)所干擾。一般有兩種方式解題：一是看首尾段，根據(jù)首尾段內(nèi)容總結(jié)主題思想；二是看每段段首句，根據(jù)所有段首句總結(jié)主題思想.例如本文中的第四題，這是一篇記敘文，根據(jù)文體特點(diǎn)可知，記敘文一般會在文章最后點(diǎn)名文章中心，所以由文章最后一段中的“Toiletpaperinghastaughtusthatplayispowerfulmedicine!"可知本文的中心.故選C。A23—year-oldBritishwomanhasinventedaproductshehopeswillonedayreplacesingle-useplastic.Thenewproductismadebycombiningfishingwasteandalgae（水藻）。Itcouldbeusedtoreplaceplasticbagsorcontainersthatpeopleuseonceandthrowaway。LucyHughescreatedthematerial，calledMarinaTex，forherfinalyearprojectattheUniversity。MarinaTexisedible,toputitinanotherway,itcanbetastedwithoutdanger。Hughessaysitisalsostrongandstable。Butunlikeplastic,MarinaTexbiodegrades（生物降解)infourtosixweeksundernormalconditionsanddoesnotpollutethesoil.Theinventorsaidsheisconcernedaboutthegrowingamountsofplasticsinoceanwaters.Shenotedonereportthattherewouldbemoreplasticthanfishintheworld’soceansbytheyear2050。TheUnitedNationsestimatesthat100milliontonsofplasticwastehasalreadybeenleftintheoceans。Hughesalsowasinvestigatingwaystoreducetheamountofwastefromthefishingindustry。Theindustryproducesanestimated50milliontonsofwasteworldwideeachyear，UNofficialssay.Examiningfishpartsleftoverfromprocessinghelpedtogivehertheideaforamaterialthatwasusefulanddidnoharmtotheenvironment?！癢hydoweneedtohavehundredsofman-madepolymers(聚合體)whennaturehassomanyalreadyavailable？”sheasked.Aftermonthsoftesting，Hughesproducedastrong,flexiblesheetthatformsattemperaturesbelow100degreesCelsius.InventorJamesDysonsaidthatMarinaTexis“stronger，saferandmuchmoresustainable(可持續(xù)的）”thanplastic。Itisalsoeasiertobreakdown。Hugheswillreceiveabout$41,000prizemoneyasthefirstplacewinneroftheJamesDysonAward。Sheplanstousethemoneytofurtherdeveloptheproductandwaystomassproduceit。"FurtherresearchanddevelopmentwillensurethatMarinaTexevolvesfurther,andbecomespartofaglobalanswertotheabundanceofsingleuseplasticwaste，"Dysonsaid.8.WhatdoweknowaboutMarinaTex？A.Itisasafeseafood.B.Itisakindofwaste。C。Itisanewkindofplastic.D.Itisasafematerialthatcanreplaceplastic.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“edible”inparagraph2mean？A.Useful. B。Eatable.C。Replaceable. D。Delicious。10.WhatgetsHughestocreatMarinaTex?A。Herconcernaboutthegrowingamountofplasticinocean。B。Heroccupationalhabitoftryingoutnewthings。C.Herhopetohelpdevelopthefishingindustry。D.Herdesiretowintheprizemoney.11。Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagrach？A.WeneedtohavehundredsofMarinaTexavailable.B。HughesproducedMarinaTexwithoutmucheffort。C。MarinaTexwillbeagoodsolutiontoplasticwaste.D.HughesisthefirstwinneroftheJamesDysonAward.【答案】8.D9。B10.A11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。一位23歲的英國女孩發(fā)明了一種可以替代塑料的材料,被叫做MarinaTex。文中介紹了這種材料的制作材料、它的環(huán)保性、安全性以及制作初衷與后續(xù)的發(fā)展前景?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中的“Itcouldbeusedtoreplaceplasticbagsorcontainersthatpeopleuseonceandthrowaway.(它能夠被用來替代制作人們用一次就扔掉的塑料袋或包裝盒)”可知，這種新型材料可以替代塑料。由第三段中的“itcanbetastedwithoutdanger（食用它沒有任何危險(xiǎn)）”可知，這種新型材料是很安全的。故選D.【9題詳解】詞義猜測題。由劃線單詞后的“toputitinanotherway（換一種方式說)”可知,后邊半句話“itcanbetastedwithoutdanger（食用它沒有任何危險(xiǎn))"是對前半句話的解釋。所以“edible”的意思應(yīng)該是“可食用的”。A.Useful有用的；B。Eatable可以吃的;C.Replaceable可替代的；D。Delicious好吃的.故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Theinventorsaidsheisconcernedaboutthegrowingamountsofplasticsinoceanwaters.（這位發(fā)明者說她很關(guān)心海洋里逐漸增加的塑料）”可知，這位發(fā)明者發(fā)明新材料的原因是她關(guān)心海洋里的塑料問題.故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題.由文章最后一段中Dyson所說的話“FurtherresearchanddevelopmentwillensurethatMarinaTexevolvesfurther，andbecomespartofaglobalanswertotheabundanceofsingleuseplasticwaste（進(jìn)一步的研究和發(fā)明才能確保MarinaTex材料進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，最后使得MarinaTex變成解決單一用途的塑料垃圾過分使用帶來的全球問題的答案的一部分）”可知,MarinaTex將是解決全球塑料垃圾問題的一個(gè)好方案。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】猜測詞義題在高考中有三種考查形式：生詞猜測詞義或熟詞生義、猜測一句話的意思、指代關(guān)系猜詞(代詞或者名詞).從近三年考查形勢看,三種考查方式同等重要.本文中考查的是生詞猜測詞義。這種題型的解法主要是在生詞后找到其釋義句。例如本文第二題考查的就是詞義猜測題，由句子中插入語“toputitinanotherway”可知，前后兩個(gè)半句話是解釋與被解釋的關(guān)系,所以由“itcanbetastedwithoutdanger"可推知劃線單詞處表達(dá)的意思是“可食用的”。據(jù)此可選出正確答案。Britain'sgottalent——butwe’restillwastingit。That’sthemainfindingofanewreportbyresearchersfromOxfordUniversity.Childrenofsimilarcognitive（認(rèn)知）abilityhaveverydifferentchancesofeducationalsuccess；itstilldependsontheirparents’economic,socio—culturalandeducationalresources.Thiscontradictsacommonlyheldviewthatoureducationsystemhasdevelopedenoughtogiveeveryoneafightingchance.Theresearcherslookedatdatafromgroupsofchildrenborninthreedecades：1950s,1970sand1990s。Theyfoundsignificantevidenceofawastageoftalent。Individualswithhighlevelsofcognitiveabilitybutwithdisadvantagesintheirsocialoriginsareunabletotranslatetheirabilityintoeducationalachievementtothesameextentastheirmoreadvantagedcounterparts(對照組）。Theresearch,fundedbytheNuffieldFoundation，foundthatonlyabouthalfofthedifferenceineducationalachievementbetweenchildrenfromadvantagedanddisadvantagedparentalbackgroundsisduetodifferencesintheircognitiveability。Theotherhalfisduetootherfactors(因素)associatedwiththeirbackgrounds?！癐fwecomparetheeducationalachievementofchildrenborninthe1990stothoseinthelate1950sandearly1970s，weseethatparents'economicresourceshavebecomealessimportantfactor，buttheirsocio-culturalandeducationalresourceshavegrowninsignificance,"saysDr.Bukodi.“Thatmeansthatyourparents’placeinsocietyandtheirownlevelofeducationstillplayabigpartinhowwellyoumaydo?！盩heseexpertsarenowcallingforpolicy-makerstoacknowledgethatformalqualificationsisonlyonechannelforupwardmobility(流動性)forhigh—abilityindividualsofdisadvantagedbackgrounds。Dr.Bukodisays,“Thesefindingsshowthattherearelimitstohowfarinequalitiesofopportunitycanbereducedthrougheducationalpolicyalone。Changesineducationalpolicyaren’thavingthepowerfuleffectwewant。"12。Whatisthemainfindingoftheresearch？A.We'rewastingtalentduetoeducationsystem。B.Childrenofsimilarcognitiveabilityhavedifferentchancesofeducationalsuccess.C。Children'scognitiveabilitydependsondifferenteducationalresources.D.Educationsystemhasdevelopedenoughtogivechilidrenafightingchance.13.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthetext?A。Bymakingacomparison.B。Bydiscussingaresult。C。Bygivingexamples.D。Bypresentingreasons。14.AccordingtoDr.Bukodiwhataffectschildren’seducationalachievementgreatly？A.Children’scognitiveability。B。Parents'economicresouces。C。Educationalpolicy。D.Parents’socio—culturalandeducationalbackgrounds.15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefindingofthenewreport？A。Favorable. B。Objective.C。Doubtful。 D。Negative?！敬鸢浮?2。B13.A14。D15。B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了牛津大學(xué)研究人員發(fā)表的一份新報(bào)告的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)：認(rèn)知能力相似的兒童獲得教育成功的機(jī)會卻不同；這取決于他們父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、社會文化和教育資源?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第一段中的“Britain’sgottalent——butwe’restillwastingit.That'sthemainfindingofanewreportbyresearchersfromOxfordUniversity。Childrenofsimilarcognitive（認(rèn)知)abilityhaveverydifferentchancesofeducationalsuccess；itstilldependsontheirparents’economic，socio-culturalandeducationalresources。（英國人很有才華—-—但是我們還在浪費(fèi)它.這是牛津大學(xué)科學(xué)家在一項(xiàng)研究中的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。相同認(rèn)知能力的孩子有不同的學(xué)業(yè)成功的機(jī)會。它依舊依賴于父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會文化以及教育資源）”可知，研究的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)是相同認(rèn)知能力的孩子有不同的學(xué)業(yè)成功的機(jī)會。故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。由文中的“Theresearcherslookedatdatafromgroupsofchildrenborninthreedecades：1950s,1970sand1990s.（研究人員查看了生于三個(gè)不同年代的孩子的數(shù)據(jù)：20世紀(jì)50年代、20世紀(jì)70年代、20世紀(jì)90年代)"以及“Ifwecomparetheeducationalachievementofchildrenborninthe1990stothoseinthelate1950sandearly1970s，weseethat…（如果我們對比生于90年代的孩子與生于50年代后期、70年代早期的孩子教育成就的數(shù)據(jù)，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)……）"可知，文章采用的是對比的方法來組織文章的。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的“Dr.Bukodi”可將本題答案定位在第三段.由Dr.Thatmeansthatyourparents’placeinsocietyandtheirownlevelofeducationstillplayabigpartinhowwellyoumaydo.（這意味著父母的社會地位以及他們自己的教育水平依然在孩子能變多好的過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用)可知，社會、文化、教育背景依然在孩子的學(xué)業(yè)成就中起著重要作用.故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中的內(nèi)容“這些專家現(xiàn)在呼吁政策制定者承認(rèn)，正式的資格證書只是家境不好的知識分子向上提升的一個(gè)渠道。Bukodi博士說：“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，僅僅通過教育政策就可以減少機(jī)會不平等的程度是有限的。教育政策的變化沒有產(chǎn)生我們想要的影響。"可知，作者對新報(bào)告中的發(fā)現(xiàn)是很客觀的。A.Favorable贊許的,贊同的；B。Objective客觀的；C。Doubtful懷疑的;D.Negative否認(rèn)的。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Areyoucryingbecauseyou'resadorbecausesomethingmovesyou？It'sallokay.Somepeopletrytoholdbacktearsbecausetheyarescareditmakesthemseemweak，whichisnotawisepractice。Don'ttrytofightthetears，butletthemflowfreely，___16___。1.ItgivesyoumoresupportSometimespeopledon'tunderstandhowmuchsomethingisbotheringyou,___17___。Researchcarriedoutin2018showsthatcryingisso-calledattachmentbehavior.Thismeansthatcryingmakespeoplewanttocomfortyouandsupportyou.2___18___Whenyoucrybecausesomethingmadeyousad，thepainisoftenquitesharp,butyoudofeelrelievedafteryoucry。Thatisnotthatstrange.Researchersfoundoutthatyourbodyproducesoxytocinandendorphinswhenyoucry.Thesecomponentsmakepeoplefeelgoodandthat’swhyyouexperiencethesharppainalittlelessintense。3。Itissaidtocauselessstress___19___，butresearchersareconvincedthatcryingcanlessenstress.Whenyoucry,yourtearscontainacertainconcentrationofstresshormones(激素)。Thesestresshormonesleaveyourbodywhenyoucryandresearchershavedevelopedatheorythatyouexperiencelessstressaftercryingbecauseofit.4。ItcanimproveyoursightMostpeopleknowtearsasthedropsthatpouroveryourcheekswhenyoucry,butthereisalsosomethingcalled’basaltears’.Thisistheliquidthatisproducedwhenyoublink(眨眼）。Itkeepsyoureyeswateryandallowsyoutoseeclearly。Sometimesyoureyescanbeabitdry,___20___。Whenyoucry,youreyeswillbewetforalittle.A.ItreallyeasesthepainB.ItcanmakeyoufarsightedCwhichmakesyouseealittlelessD.ItisnousecryingoverspiltmilkE。becausecryingalsohasfourbenefitsF。AlotofresearchstillhastobedoneG。buttheysuddenlyunderstanditbetterwhenyoucry【答案】16。E17.G18。A19。F20。C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章給大家提出了感到悲傷或者感動時(shí)應(yīng)該哭出來的四個(gè)理由.【16題詳解】空格位于首段段尾。由第二段以下的四個(gè)小標(biāo)題可知，這句話應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用。選項(xiàng)E(因?yàn)榭抻兴膫€(gè)好處)與下文中四個(gè)要點(diǎn)呼應(yīng)。故選E.【17題詳解】空格位于段中。由空格位于逗號后,可知答案只能在CEG之間進(jìn)行選擇?？崭袂鞍刖湟馑紴椤坝袝r(shí)候人們不知道你遇到的事情有多么讓你煩心",可知選項(xiàng)G（但是當(dāng)你哭得時(shí)候，他們會很好的理解了)與之呼應(yīng)。且選項(xiàng)G中的they與前半句中的people形成指代關(guān)系,其中的understand也與上句中的understand呼應(yīng)。故選G?！?8題詳解】空格位于小標(biāo)題處。由空格位置以及其它三個(gè)小標(biāo)題都是簡短的陳述句可知，此題答案應(yīng)該也是一個(gè)簡短的陳述句.由段中的“l(fā)essenstress（減少壓力)"與Thesecomponentsmakepeoplefeelgoodandthat'swhyyouexperiencethesharppainalittlelessintense（這些成分能讓人們感覺好一些，這也是為什么你會感覺傷痛減輕一些的原因)可知，這段內(nèi)容與“緩解傷痛"有關(guān).選項(xiàng)A“Itreallyeasesthepain（它真的可以減輕傷痛）”與段落內(nèi)容相符合。故選A?！?9題詳解】空格位于段首.由這句話中的but可知前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。由后半句句意為“但是研究人員相信哭能減輕壓力”,可知選項(xiàng)F(雖然還需要做很多研究）與其內(nèi)容一致。故選F。【20題詳解】空格位于段中。由本段小標(biāo)題“Itcanimproveyoursight（它能改善你的視力）”可知，這段話內(nèi)容都與視力有關(guān).由前半句“Sometimesyoureyescanbeabitdry（有時(shí)你的眼睛會有點(diǎn)干）"可知，選項(xiàng)C(這會使得你看不清楚）即與本句話內(nèi)容一致，也與段落小標(biāo)題內(nèi)容一致。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】七選五題目主要考查學(xué)生綜合的英語邏輯思維能力。一篇好的短文，不僅在內(nèi)容上要前后一致，而且還要語篇結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，上下文邏輯意義嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。內(nèi)容的前后一致體現(xiàn)在段內(nèi)及語篇內(nèi)話題的自然過渡.語篇結(jié)構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)為：文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，還是按時(shí)間或空間順序發(fā)展的，還是辯證三段論的編排的.邏輯意義的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)最主要的可以通過代詞、連詞和副詞等形式來體現(xiàn)。例如本文通過看首段及后續(xù)段落首句可知：是總分總的形式.本題中的第一題和第三題就是利用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)解題。第二題和第四題利用句子之間的前后呼應(yīng)關(guān)系解題.第五題利用段落內(nèi)容與小標(biāo)題的一致性解題。具體解題步驟參看詳解。所以拿到一篇文章,同學(xué)們首先要根據(jù)篇章類型與空格位置推斷使用什么方法解題，有助于加快解題速度。第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑.TheotherdayIwasshoppingatalocalstoreandcameuponaladyfromIndiasquatting（蹲)onthefloor___21___acertainproductonthebottomshelf。She___22___whenshesawmeasiftogetoutofmyway。___23___,sheexplainedthatshewasa___24___andonherlunchbreak,tryingto___25___afewneededitems。Itoldher，“Iaminnohurry。___26___anddowhatyouneedtodo?！盬hileshesearchedforaparticularbrand,shesaidthatsometimescustomerswere___27___toherandshereally___28___mykindness.ItoldherthatIhadnoticedcashiersbeingtreatedrudelybysomepeopleandtheyneededtobemore___29___.Itisstressfultothecashierwhenpeopleare___30___atthemwhenthecashierisdoingthebesttheyknowhow。IexplainedtoherthatIwasaretirednurseand___31___someofwhatshewassaying.Sometimespatientsordoctorscouldbeveryrude.ButI___32___tounderstandwhytheywere___33___thatwayandletitgo.Shethankedmeforbeingso___34___andfriendly。Itoldher，“Theworldwouldbeabetterplaceifweallacted___35___towardeachother.Thosewhoarerudemayhavebadkarma（報(bào)應(yīng)）comingafterthem___36___fortreatingpeoplebadly.Shenoddedandsaiditwas___37___thatIknewwhatkarmawas。ItfeltsogoodthatImayhavehelpedher___38___thepressureforevenafewseconds.Inabrief___39___Ishowedhertherearegoodandkindpeopleintheworldandmayhaveboosted(增強(qiáng)）herfaithin___40___。21。A.lookingfor B。lookinginto C.pullingapart D.pullingdown22。A.bent B.passed C。jumped D.ran23。A。Tentatively B.Honestly C.Apologetically D.Unwillingly24.A。manager B.student C.teacher D.cashier25。A.get B。put C.mark D.show26。A。Calmdown B。Goahead C。Keepup D.Tryon27.A。patient B。good C。kind D.rude28。A.accepted B。appreciated C。remembered D。expected29。A。considerate B.helpful C。honest D.careful30.A。nodding B。glancing C。glaring D。smiling31。A。heard B。ignored C。understood D.did32.A。happened B.tried C.intended D.forgot33.A.crying B。fighting C。shopping D.feeling34.A.cool B。nice C.humorous D。generous35。A.kindly B.coldly C。differently D.equally36。A。frequently B.eventually C.regularly D。seldom37。A。puzzling B.satisfying C。frightening D。amazing38.A。reduce B。realize C。find D。increase39。A。interview B.speech C.exchange D。lecture40.A.peace B.future C。truth D.humanity【答案】21.A22。C23。C24.D25.A26。B27.D28。B29.A30.C31。C32。B33。D34。B35。A36。B37.D38.A39。C40.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者在附近小店購物時(shí)偶遇了一名做收銀員的印度婦女蹲在地板上在貨架最底層找某種商品.那位婦女很是抱歉,但是經(jīng)過作者與她交談,她感到了被理解，作者也為自己能緩解對方的壓力而感到欣慰?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語.句意：有一天，我在當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)小店購物時(shí)，看到一位印度的婦女蹲在地板上在貨架最底層找某種商品。A.lookingfor尋找；B.lookinginto調(diào)查；C。pullingapart撕開;D。pullingdown下拉.這個(gè)空格與第二段中的“searchedforaparticularbrand(尋找一個(gè)特定的品牌）"中的動詞呼應(yīng)，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意:她看到我時(shí)跳了起來好像是給我讓路。A.bent把……弄彎；B。passed傳遞;C.jumped跳；D.ran跑開。根據(jù)常識，這位印度婦女擋住了作者的路，所以她會跳起來讓路。且由下文中她與作者的對話可知，這名婦女沒有跑開。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：她很抱歉地向我解釋道，她是一名收銀員,現(xiàn)在午飯間隙，她在找?guī)准匦杵贰.Tentatively嘗試性地，暫時(shí)性地；B。Honestly誠實(shí)地；C.Apologetically抱歉地；D。Unwillingly勉強(qiáng)地，違心地.由句中的“explained（解釋)”可知，這位印度婦女感到很抱歉。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析.句意同上。A.manager經(jīng)理;B。student學(xué)生；C。teacher老師;D。cashier收銀員。此空格與下文中提到的“cashiers”及“thecashier”呼應(yīng)。故選D。【25題詳解】考查動詞辨析.句意同上。A。get得到；B.put放；C.mark標(biāo)記；D.show展示.此空格與上文中第一個(gè)空格及第二段中的“searchedforaparticularbrand（尋找一個(gè)特定的品牌）”中的動詞呼應(yīng)，說明這名婦女想得到一些必需品.故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意:我告訴她：“我不急。你繼續(xù)做你需要做的事情?！盇.Calmdown（使）平靜下來;B。Goahead繼續(xù)；C。Keepup（與……）齊步前進(jìn)；D。Tryon試穿，試戴。由句中的“dowhatyouneedtodo（做你需要做的事情）”可知，作者讓這位婦女繼續(xù).故選B.【27題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)她找東西的時(shí)候，她說有時(shí)候顧客對她很粗魯,她真的很感謝我的好心。A。patient耐心的;B。good好的；C。kind善良的；D.rude粗魯?shù)?。這句話中空格處單詞與句中的kind形成對比關(guān)系，且與后邊的“Sometimespatientsordoctorscouldbeveryrude.(有時(shí)病人或者醫(yī)生也會很粗魯)”中的形容詞呼應(yīng)，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞辨析.句意同上.A.accepted接受;B。appreciated欣賞，感謝；C。remembered記住；D.expected期望。由下文中的“Shethankedme（她感謝了我）"可知，這名婦女很感謝作者。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：我告訴她我看到過收銀員有時(shí)被粗魯?shù)貙Υ?，并且那些人需要更加善解人意。A。considerate考慮周到的，為（他人）著想的;B。helpful愿意幫忙的；C。honest誠實(shí)的；D。careful細(xì)心的。由句中的“cashiersbeingtreatedrudelybysomepeople（收銀員被一些人粗魯?shù)貙Υ?可知，這些人應(yīng)該更加善解人意一點(diǎn)。故選A.【30題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：對于收銀員來說，當(dāng)她盡力做得最好的時(shí)候，別人還對她怒目而視，是很有壓力的。A.nodding點(diǎn)頭；B.glancing瞥一眼，匆匆一看；C.glaring怒目而視;D。smiling笑。由句中的“Itisstressfultothecashier（對收銀員來說是很有壓力的）”可知，別人對她不好。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：我告訴她我是一名退休的護(hù)士，很能理解她所說的事情。A.heard聽見;B.ignored忽視;C.understood理解；D。did做。根據(jù)句意作者是一名退休護(hù)士,對那位婦女的話很理解，且空格處單詞與本段最后一句中的understand呼應(yīng)。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：但是我試著理解他們?yōu)槭裁茨菢痈杏X的原因并且不把它放心上.A.happenedtodosth.碰巧做某事；B.triedtodosth。嘗試做某事;C。intendedtodosth。計(jì)劃做某事;D。forgottodosth。忘記做某事。根據(jù)句意,當(dāng)病人或醫(yī)生對護(hù)士粗魯時(shí)，她會試著去理解別人。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞辨析.句意同上。A.crying哭；B.fighting打架；C.shopping購物;D。feeling感受。由上句話可知，有時(shí)病人或者醫(yī)生會很粗魯.空格處單詞的邏輯主語是they,指代那些病人或醫(yī)生，所以作者是試圖理解他們?yōu)槭裁锤械缴鷼?，從而行為粗魯。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：她感謝我如此善良又友好。A.cool酷；B.nice善良;C.humorous幽默的；D。generous大方的。此空格與上文中的“appreciatedmykindness”呼應(yīng).故選B?！?5題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：如果我們很友好地對待別人，這個(gè)世界會變得更好。A。kindly友好地；B.coldly冷淡地；C。differently不同地;D.equally平等地。由嘗試可知，只有我們友好地對待別人，世界才會變得更好，且這里的“友好地”與上文中多次出現(xiàn)的rude形成反義呼應(yīng)。故選A.【36題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：那些粗魯?shù)娜俗罱K會因?yàn)樗麄兊拇拄敹艿綀?bào)應(yīng).A。frequently頻繁地；B.eventually最終地;C。regularly常常地；D。seldom很少地。根據(jù)這句話的意思,最終那些人會受到報(bào)應(yīng)。故選B.【37題詳解】考查形容詞辨析.句意:她點(diǎn)頭并對我知道什么是報(bào)應(yīng)感到很驚訝。A.puzzling使困惑的；B.satisfying令人滿意(或滿足）的；C。frightening使害怕的；D。amazing令人大為驚奇的.根據(jù)句意,那位婦女對作者說出的報(bào)應(yīng)很是感到驚奇，故選D.【38題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：我能幫她減輕幾秒鐘的壓力我很高興。A。reduce減少;B。realize意識到；C.find發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.increase增加。由上文中作者很理解那位婦女的話,那位婦女很感激作者,可知，作者減少了她的壓力。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：在簡短的交流中我讓她意識到這個(gè)世界上有好的,善良的人，增加了她對人性的信心。A.interview面試；B.speech演講；C.exchange交流；D.lecture講座。由上文作者與那位女士的對話可知，她們進(jìn)行了簡短的交流。故選C.【40題詳解】考查名詞辨析.句意同上。A.peace和平;B。future未來；C.truth真相，實(shí)情；D。humanity人性。這個(gè)空格與本文主旨呼應(yīng)，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知文章討論文好人與粗魯?shù)娜?所以對話的結(jié)果是增加了那位婦女對人性的信息，相信世界上有好的善良的人。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AgroupofresearchersandscientistsfromChinaandothercountriesareworkingtogether___41___（record）andcollectdigitalimagesofculturalrelicsfromtheMogaoCaves，whichwereakeystop___42___theSilkRoadthroughoutChina'sancienthistory.Nearly500,000highqualitydigitalphotographs___43___（produce)