2023年考博英語（高等院校招生）考試題庫

2023年考博英語（高等院校招生）考試題庫卷I一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)______assettotheteam.A.worthlessB.pricelessC.valuelessD.inexpensive2.RetireeslookingtostretchtheirpensionsmightconsiderspendingtheirgoldenyearsinEcuador,PanamaorMexico,______costoflivingislowandtheweatheriswarm,accordingtoanewindex.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whose3.MarkMoore,directoroftheNorthwestWeather,warnedskiersofthedeadlyavalanchesthathave______themountainsofWashingtonstate,killingninepeople.A.pummeledB.elaboratedC.executedD.alleged4.ThoseschoolsaresostrappedforcashthatHuckabeejustslashedaplannedteacher-salaryincreasefrom$3,000tolessthan$600.A.shiftedB.cutC.modifiedD.drafted5.Ananalysisoftheideasinthenovelcompelsananalysisoftheformofthework,particularlywhenformandcontentareas______astheyareinTheHouseoftheSevenGables.A.symptomaticB.delineatedC.integratedD.conspicuous6.Janehastobecome______atmathematicstobesuccessfulasanengineer.A.experiencedB.outstandingC.prominentD.proficient7.Thecompany,EDS,issmartenoughto______its90,000-personworkforceintoindependentmicroteamsthatworkdirectlywithindividualclientsoncreativebusinesssolutions.A.breakoutB.breakoffC.breakfromD.breakdown8.Theretiringprofessorwas______byhiscolleague.A.criticizedB.exaltedC.drivenoutD.examined9.Whenshewasaskedwhyshewasabsentfortheparty,noanswerwas______A.imminentB.urgentC.emergentD.forthcoming10.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably______reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetailsincluded.A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate11.Tobeasuccessfulcriminal,onemustbe______.A.empiricalB.emigrantC.elegantD.elusive12.Directions:SupposeyouareapplyingforaPhDprogramataUKuniversity.ProfessorGothhaswrittenarecommendationletterforyouatyourrequest.YouarerequiredtowritealetterofthankstoProfessorGoth,whooncetaughtacourseinyourschoolandyouattendedthecourse.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use"LiMing"instead.

3.Donotwritetheaddress.13.Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin______withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge14.Foryearsthegirlhadharboredher______againstherstepmother.Today,shefinallygotthecouragetospeakitout.A.resentmentB.rivalryC.compulsionD.concession15.Giventhealreadydocumentedincidenceofabuseandviolenceinadolescent'slives,theavoidanceoftheseissuesreinforcesthemessagethatsuchmattersareprivateandindividualratherthansociallybased.Thisattitudeonlyservestocoveruptheextentofabuseandperpetuatetheshamethatsuchsilencepromotes.A.GivenB.inadolescent'sC.suchmattersareD.tocoverup16.Shewasartfulandcouldalwaysgetroundherparentsintheend.A.playB.deceiveC.confuseD.annoy17.Melissaisacomputer______thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria18.Tocallthemusicofanothermusic-culture"primitive"is______one'sownstandardsonagroupthatdoesnotrecognizethem.A.puttingB.emphasizingC.forcingD.imposing19.1．在科研和學(xué)習(xí)中使我最難忘的一件事是______。

2．使我難忘的原因是：______。

3．它對我后來的影響是：______。20.成都是一座來了就不想走的城市。21.Suchchanges,combinedwiththeerosionofthearea'sbarrierislands,andtheBushadministration'spolicyofopeningupmorewetlandstodevelopment,weakenedthenaturalfrontlinedefenseagainstahurricanestormsurgeandleavethecitymorevulnerabletodeathanddestruction.A.combinedwithB.thearea'sC.openingupD.andleave22.Theboyseemedmore______totheirpovertyafterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.A.reconciledB.consolidatedC.deterioratedD.attributed23.Motorcyclistsshouldwearhelmetsto______themfrominjury.A.saveB.shieldC.shelterD.defend24.ThedayswhentheonlyfenderabusinessmanneededtostaveoffamidlifecrisiswasontheendofaFerrariaregone.A.shortenB.betteroffC.keepawayfromD.strivefor25.EvenifIwonamillion-dollarlottery,Iwouldcontinuetolive______.A.subtlyB.frugallyC.explicitlyD.cautiously26.TomandAlice______havinganewcartoreplacetheiroldoneforyears.A.hasbeendreamingofB.havebeendreamingofC.hasdreamedD.willhavedreamed27.______,theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.A.LikemanyanothernewthingsB.LikemuchothernewthingsC.LikemanyothernewthingsD.Likemanyanothernewthing28.Opinionpollssuggestthattheleft-wingcoalitionwillbe______intheforthcomingelections.

A.presumed

B

liquidated

C.massacred

D.eradicated29.Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent's______toobtainalicense.A.warrantB.sanctionC.malignanceD.affirmation30.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime;ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguageasotherpeople's.A.bybeingcorrectedB.correctedC.thedifferenceD.asotherpeople's.31.Lately,therestaurantchain,which______mainlytoblue-collardiners,hasbeenhurtbycompetition.A.catersB.fabricatesC.facilitatesD.flees32.Inaddition,findingsrevealthatmalesreceivemoreteacherattentionthanfemales,boysreceivemorespecificcommentsabouttheiracademicperformance,thattherearedifferencesfavoringmalesintaskassignment,inteacher'sexpectationofstudent'sbehaviorbasedongender,aswellasinsuchareasasoverallcurriculumdesign,classroomactivities,andeducationaltracking(particularlyinmath,science,vocationalcourses,andextracurricularactivities).A.thattherearedifferencesB.favoringmalesC.teacher'sexpectationofstudent'sbehaviorD.andextracurricularactivities33.中國作為一個發(fā)展中國家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟和保護環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。然而，我國人口眾多，資源向?qū)Σ蛔?，?jīng)濟規(guī)模越來越大，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源和環(huán)境之間的矛盾日益突出。環(huán)境污染嚴重，生態(tài)狀況惡化、資源耗費巨大、回收率低而導(dǎo)致環(huán)境破壞等問題，已成為中國經(jīng)濟保持可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。

從國情出發(fā)，中國在全面推進現(xiàn)代化的進程中，已將環(huán)境保護視為一項基本國策，將實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展視為一項重要戰(zhàn)略，同時在全國范圍內(nèi)開展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護活動，環(huán)境惡化的狀況基本得到了控制。實踐證明，我們協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護兩者之間關(guān)系的做法是行之有效的。人類發(fā)展只有合理地利用自然界，與自然界保持和諧關(guān)系，才能維持和發(fā)展人類所創(chuàng)造的文明，才能與自然界共生共榮、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。中國作為國際社會的成員，在努力保護自己環(huán)境的同時，還積極參與國際環(huán)保事務(wù)，促進國際環(huán)保合作，并認真履行國際義務(wù)。所有這些都充分表明了中國政府和人民保護全球環(huán)境的誠意和決心。34.Itisatouchingscenethateveryparentcanimmediately______becausetheyhavegonethroughthesameritualwiththeirownchildren.A.comethroughB.identifywithC.takeupD.referto35.Insomecountriespreschooleducationinnurseryschoolsorkindergartens______the1stgrade.A.leadsB.precedesC.forwardsD.advances36.The______featureinTed'scharacterwaspride;hecouldn'teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.A.controllingB.prevailingC.predominantD.primary37.Whenhelivedinthatremoteplace,radiowastheonlymeanshehadtokeep______ofcurrenteventsinthecountry.A.accountB.traceC.recordD.track38.Noneofthesehightechnologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesites______theyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscovery,theexplorerthereforepayparticularattentionto______thegroundformationsmostlikelytomineralize.A.that...selectingB.towhich...selectingC.where...selectD.which...select39.Directlyhesawher,hefell______inlove.A.fromheadtofootB.headoverheelsC.headandshouldersD.toetotoe40.InsomeAfricancountries,thecostoftreatinganAIDSpatientmay______hisorherentireannualincome.A.exploitB.expelC.expireD.exceed41.MoreoftenitisthePresident,andnotthemembersofhiscabinet,______thepopulace.A.whoappealtoB.towhomappealtoC.whomappealstoD.whoappealsto42.ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexplanationseemednotto______A.getupB.getalongC.getacrossD.getdown43.Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful44.Atthesametime,theFund,UnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivities,workstochangetheparadigmofmasculinitythatallowsfortheresolutionofconflictthroughviolence.A.modelB.covenantC.aspirationD.hurdle45.I______thejusticeandfoughtagainstcorruptionatmybest.A.confirmedB.upheldC.overwhelmedD.established46.Seniorstypicallyexhibitgreaterexperience-basedknowledge,increasedaccuracy,betterjudgment,andgenerallyimprovedabilitytohandlefamiliartasksthanyoungerpersons.Suchappliedknowledge,orwisdom,mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportanttoone'sabilitytoaccomplishmosttasksofday-to-daylifethandotheabstractabilitiestappedbyintelligencetests.47.CharlesⅡwasanothermonarch______malignedbyVictorianhistorians.A.muchB.veryC.greatlyD.deeply48.One'sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one'spastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinkforoneselfthatone'semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone'smindmorekeen.A.tothingsaboutwhichB.agraduallyincreasingweightC.thinkforoneselfD.one'smindmorekeen49.Thispolicygave______toprivatepropertyandledtodifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor.A.fifeB.birthC.wayD.death50.Theydidconsiderableworkto______themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.A.instructB.acquaintC.impartD.dictate卷I參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：B[解析]worthless“無價值的，不值錢的”；priceless“無價的”；valueless“無價值的，不值錢的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。題目凸顯她的知識和經(jīng)驗，應(yīng)該是很寶貴，選B。2.參考答案：C[解析]本題中空格處所引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示地點的先行詞“Ecuador，PanamaorMexico”，其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。句意：一項新的指數(shù)顯示，想更好地利用養(yǎng)老金的退休人員可以考慮到厄瓜多爾、巴拿馬或者墨西哥度過晚年，這些地方的生活成本低，而且氣溫宜人。故選C。3.參考答案：A[解析]pummel“擊，打”；elaborate“精心制作，詳細闡述”；execute“執(zhí)行，完成，處死”；allege“宣稱，斷言”。4.參考答案：B[解析]畫線單詞slashed是slash的過去式和過去分詞形式，意為“砍，抨擊”。A項意為“轉(zhuǎn)移”；B項意為“砍，剪”；C項意為“修改”；D項意為“起草”。因此，B選項符合題意。5.參考答案：C[解析]本題考查形容詞辨析。A有癥狀的，癥候的；B描繪；C綜合的，完整的，互相協(xié)調(diào)的；D綜合的，完整的，互相協(xié)調(diào)的。句意為：小說里的觀念的分析使人不得不分析作品的形成，尤其是當形式和內(nèi)容像它們在《有七個尖角閣的房子》里一樣完整時。因此答案為C。6.參考答案：D[解析]A項意為“有經(jīng)驗的，老練的”；B項意為“杰出的，未解決的”；C項意為“杰出的，顯著的”；D項意為“精通的，熟練的”。本句意為簡要成為成功的工程師，就必須精通數(shù)學(xué)。beproficientat意為“精通于”，D項符合題意。7.參考答案：D[解析]動詞詞組辨析。breakout“爆發(fā)”；breakoff“中斷”；breakawayfrom不是固定詞組；breakdown“劃分成部分”。語境為：EDS公司非常精明，它將其9萬人的員工隊伍______獨立的小分隊，直接同個人客戶打交道，創(chuàng)造性地解決企業(yè)的問題。符合語境的只有breakdown。故答案為D。8.參考答案：Bexalt贊揚，歌頌；criticize批評，責(zé)備；driveout驅(qū)逐出去；examine考試，檢查，調(diào)查。9.參考答案：D[解析]四個選項中，A項imminent的意思是“逼近的，即將發(fā)生的”；B項urgent的意思是“緊急的，急迫的”；C項emergent的意思是“突現(xiàn)的，意外的，緊急的”；D項forthcoming的意思是“現(xiàn)有的，隨時可得的”。根據(jù)題意，D項為正確答案。10.參考答案：A(concise簡潔的，簡要的)。句意為：新來的秘書只用幾頁紙寫了一份非常簡明的報告，但把所有的細節(jié)都包括進去了。B．clear清晰的；C．precise精確的；D．elaborate精心制作的。11.參考答案：D[解析]D項“elusive難懂的，易忘的”符合題意。其他三項“empirical經(jīng)驗主義的；emigrant移民；elegant文雅的”都不正確。12.參考答案：DearProfessorGoth

Doyoustillrememberme?IamLiMingfromChina,Thisyear,Ihavegotmydoctor'sdegreeinlinguisticsattheUniversityofReadingintheUnitedKingdom.Ihavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourhelpseveralyearsago.In2007,Iwasenrolledinyouruniversityandselectedlinguisticsasmyspecialty.Myresearchinterestthenwascasegrammar.Imetwithmanydifficultiesinmylearningprocess.Asmyteacher,youencouragedmeandenabledmetostrengthenmybeliefinlearningwelllinguistics,aboringsubjectconsideredbysomanystudents.Iadmiredyouverymuchbecauseyoucouldalwaysmakecomplicatedquestionssimplifiedwhileteachingusinclass.Underyourtutelage,Igotmymaster'sdegreeinlinguisticsin2009.Thatyear,Imadeupmymindtobeadoctoralcandidate.IappliedtotheUniversityofReading.YouwrotearecommendationletterformetoProfessorGorden,thedeanofLinguisticsDepartment,theUniversityofReading.Iowemysubsequentacademicsuccesstoyourtutelageandkindhelp,withoutwhich,Iwouldstillhavebeengropingmywayinthedarkness.SoI'llneverforgetyou,myrespectableprofessor.

Bestregards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing13.參考答案：B[解析]固定搭配。inaccordancewith意為“與……一致，依照”，為固定搭配。其他選項均不符合題意。故答案為B。14.參考答案：A[解析]各項的意思是：resentment“憤恨，憎惡”；rivalry“不斷的競爭”；compulsion“強烈的欲望”；compulsiontodosth.“想做……”；concession“讓步”。15.參考答案：B[解析]B項所在處是說“青少年生活中的虐待和暴力發(fā)生率”，這里所提到的“adolescent”應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式“adolescents”，其名詞所有格形式應(yīng)為“adolescents'”。16.參考答案：B[解析]動詞詞義辨析。play“玩，玩弄”；deceive意為“欺騙”；confuse“使混亂，混淆”；annoy“使惱怒，打攪”。根據(jù)句意，getround意為“說服”，deceive替換劃線詞組較為恰當。故答案為B。17.參考答案：B[解析]名詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。Melissa是病毒的名稱，virus“病毒”，符合句意。故答案為B。genius“天才”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“細菌”。18.參考答案：D[解析]固定搭配。imposeon“強加于”，為固定搭配；putsth.on“戴上”；emphasize“強調(diào)”，一般不與on搭配；force“強迫，強制”，一般用作forcesb.todosth.或forcesb.intodoingsth.。故答案為D。19.參考答案：略20.參考答案：Chengduisacitywhereyouarereluctanttoleaveonceyoucome.21.參考答案：D[解析]本題的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是“Suchchanges…weakened…andleave”，從中可以看出，“l(fā)eave”與“weakened”是并列謂語，時態(tài)應(yīng)一致，因此應(yīng)將“andleave”改為“andleft”。22.參考答案：A[解析]固定搭配。reconciled意為“和解，調(diào)解，調(diào)?！保瑀econciledtosth.指由于某個原因之后無可奈何地接受某件事。故答案為A。consolidated“使某事物鞏固，加固”；deteriorated“惡化”；attributed“歸因于”。23.參考答案：B[解析]動詞詞義辨析。save意為“使……免于受到……的損傷、損失或毀壞”；shield指用某種手段作為防御工具以防危險或傷害，側(cè)重防止迫在眉睫的攻擊或傷害；shelter通常指尋找安全地方躲避風(fēng)雨或使人免遭危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受損害，消除危險。用作比喻時，指堅持某種行動、決定或意見。根據(jù)句中的helmets(頭盔)判斷，shield符合要求。故答案為B。24.參考答案：Cstaveoff是“延遲，避免”的意思，C項的keepawayfrom“遠離”與之相符。shorten縮短；betteroff富裕；strivefor奮斗。25.參考答案：B[解析]副詞詞義辨析。subtly“精細地”；frugally“節(jié)儉地”；explicitly“清楚地”；cautiously“小心謹慎地”。題干要求填“過一種節(jié)儉的生活”。故答案為B。26.參考答案：B[解析]本題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。根據(jù)狀語“foryears”可以確定，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時，而主語是兩人，因此正確答案為B。27.參考答案：C[解析]四個選項的所有搭配中，只有選項C的搭配是正確且符合邏輯的。故正確答案為C。28.參考答案：D[解析]本題是說民意調(diào)查表明左翼勢力聯(lián)合在即將來臨的大選中會被根除。四個選項中，A項presumed的意思是“假定，假設(shè)，認為”；B項liquidated的意思是“清算”；C項massacred的意思是“殘殺，集體屠殺”；D項eradicated的意思是“根除”。根據(jù)題意，D項為正確答案。29.參考答案：B[解析]名詞詞義辨析。warrant“證明，正當理由，委任狀”；sanction“認可，支持”；malignance“惡意，惡性”；affirmation“主張，肯定，斷言”。句意：在那個國家，一個人在法定年齡之前結(jié)婚的話必須要有父母的認可才能領(lǐng)證。根據(jù)句意此空白處所填詞應(yīng)該為“批準，準許”之意，B符合此處語境，故為正確答案。30.參考答案：D[解析]D項所在句是說“他作出必要的改變，使他的語言與其他人的語言相似”。這里應(yīng)將“as”改為介詞“l(fā)ike”。31.參考答案：A[解析]在選項中，cater意為“備辦食物，迎合”，fabricate意為“制作，虛構(gòu)”；facilitate意為“推動，使容易”，flee意為“逃跑”。根據(jù)先行詞restaurant和從句的賓語diners+可知其謂語是A項。32.參考答案：B[解析]B、C選項的兩個句子為并列關(guān)系，因此B選項前面缺少介詞in，應(yīng)是infavoringmalesin。因此，B選項為正確選項。33.參考答案：

Asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisconfrontedwiththedualtaskofdevelopingitseconomyandprotectingitsenvironment.However,acountrywithalargepopulation,relativeinsufficiencyofnaturalresourcesandanexpandingeconomy,Chinasuffersanincreasinglysignificantdisparitybetweeneconomicdevelopmentandnaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.Theseriousenvironmentalproblemcausedbyseverepollution,deterioratingecologicalconditions,hugeconsumptionofresourcesandlowreclamationhasalreadybecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChineseeconomy.

Proceedingfromitsactualconditions,Chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstatepolicies,regardedtherealizationofsustainedeconomicdevelopmentasanimportantstrategyandmeanwhile,carriedoutnationwidecampaignsforpollutionpreventionandtreatmentaswellasenvironmentandecologyconservation,theconditionsofenvironmentaldegradationhavebeencontrolledfundamentally.Practiceshowsthatourpracticeofcoordinatingtherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioniseffective.Onlyifmanmakesreasonableuseofnatureandkeepsaharmoniousrelationshipwithitintheprocessofdevelopmentcanthecivilizationcreatedbyhimbemaintainedanddeveloped,canhesharesubsistenceandglorywithnatureanddevelopwithnatureinacoordinatingway.Asamemberoftheinternationalcommunity,China,whilemakinggreateffortstoprotectitsownenvironment,hastakenanactivepartininternationalenvironmentalaffairs,striventopromoteinternationalcooperationinthefieldofenvironmentalprotection,andearnestlyfulfilleditsinternationalobligations.AllthosehavegivenfullexpressiontothesincerityanddeterminationoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotecttheglobalenvironment.34.參考答案：B[解析]A項，“comethrough”意為“勝利，成功，安然度過”；B項，“identifywith”意為“覺得與……有聯(lián)系”；C項，“takeup”意為“從事”；D項，“referto”意為“指的是……”，由句意可知，“這一場景能夠引起每一位家長的共鳴，因為他們與自己孩子一起經(jīng)歷了同樣的儀式”，因此選擇B。35.參考答案：B[解析]從四個選項都有“前”的意思可推測，句子的大意是“在有些國家，小學(xué)一年級之前有幼兒園的學(xué)前教育”。從結(jié)構(gòu)看，空白處要求填入一個及物動詞，表示“先于(后者)”，故選precedes，意思是tobeearlierthan。例如：Theplayingofthenationalanthemprecedesallsportsevents．(所有的運動比賽賽前都要奏國歌。)lead做及物動詞時，意思是“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，指引”；forward意為“遞送，轉(zhuǎn)寄”，如：Makesurethatmymailwillbeforwardedpromptly．(要保證盡快地把我的信轉(zhuǎn)給我。)advance意為“提前”，與postpone相對，如：Themeetinghasbeen