江西專升本統(tǒng)考英語語法課件

英語時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時(shí)，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

一般時(shí)

進(jìn)行時(shí)

完成時(shí)

完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在study

bestudying

havestudied

havebeenstudying

過去studied

bestudying

hadstudied

hadbeenstudying

將來willstudy

willbestudying

willhavestudied

willhavebeenstudying

過去將來wouldstudy

wouldbestudying

wouldhavestudied

wouldhavebeenstudying

英語時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時(shí)1

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊考點(diǎn)

a.When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,aslongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。

e.g.heisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.

b.表示已安排好的事項(xiàng)、行程等活動(dòng)。

Thetrainleavesat10tomorrow.

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊考點(diǎn)

a.When,whil2

Mydictionary_____,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill____it.

A.haslost,don’tfind

B.ismissing,don’tfind

C.haslost,haven’tfound

D.ismissing,haven’tfound

c.在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等賓語從句中。

Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleave.

Mydictionary_____,Ihave3

Mydictionary_____,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill____it.

A.haslost,don’tfind

B.ismissing,don’tfind

C.haslost,haven’tfound

D.ismissing,haven’tfound

c.在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等賓語從句中。

Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleave.D.前句是仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)

Mydictionary_____,Ihave4

Hesaidhe_____meapresentunlessI______indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeededc.willnotgive,succeedd.wouldnotgive;willsucceed

B.在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)。本題中有Hesaid,所以為過去式。主句用將來時(shí)。用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)。

Hesaidhe_____meapres5

2.一般過去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)

a.表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作

Usedtodo過去常常

beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于

e.g.Heusedtovisithismotheronceaweek.（

b.

itis(high)timethatsbdidsth.

該/正是。。。的時(shí)候了

e.g.itistimeyouwenttobed.

2.一般過去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)

a.表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作

6

3.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考點(diǎn)

常用的時(shí)間狀語有thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while等。

Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny____asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fellB.as=when,while

3.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考點(diǎn)

常用的時(shí)間狀語有thismo7

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考點(diǎn)

常用的時(shí)間狀語有for,since,once,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpast/lastfewyears,always,already,recently,lately,today等。

Itisthefirst/secondtime…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenlate.

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考點(diǎn)

常用的時(shí)間狀語有for,si8

Thisis+形容詞最高級+that結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

ThisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.5.過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語Before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonase.g.Bythetimehewas12,Tomhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.

Thisis+形容詞最高級+that結(jié)構(gòu)，tha9

hadhardly…when:還沒等…就…

Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.

hadnosooner…than…剛…就…

Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.

6.將來完成時(shí)willhavedonee.g.Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.7.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/hasbeendoinge.g.Shehasbeensittingthereformorethan2hours

hadhardly…when:還沒等…就…10

8.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

shallhavebeendoing，willhavebeendoing

例：Bytheendofnextmonth,theprojectwillhavebeenbeingworkedfor3years.

9.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：hadbeendoing例：Theoldclockhadbeenbeingtakenapartofandfixedupagainforseveraltimesbymy10-yearoldsonbeforeIcamebackhome.

8.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)shallhavebeendo11Theconference__________afullweekbythetimeitends.

A)musthavelastedB)willhavelasted

C)wouldlastD)haslasted

本題考核謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全句的意思是：“會(huì)議從開始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期?！本渲衎ythetimeitends表示動(dòng)作要延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻，因此要用將來完成時(shí)。答案是B)Theconference__________afu12Untilthen,hisfamily_________fromhimforsixmonths.

A)didn‘thearC)hasn’theardB)hasn‘tbeenhearing

D)hadn'theard

全句的意思是：“到那時(shí)為止，他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒得到他的消息了?！庇纱丝梢钥闯觯^語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過去的某一時(shí)刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。答案是D)

Untilthen,hisfamily_______1310.一般將來時(shí):be+todo

,beabouttodo

e.g.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.

Heisabouttoleavehere.10.一般將來時(shí):be+todo

,beabou14一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)名詞或代詞（作為邏輯主語），加上一個(gè)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等在句中作狀語。它有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。

(2)名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

(3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。

一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一15

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

它表示謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句或并列句。

(1)作時(shí)間狀語

Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome.

(2)作條件狀語

Weatherpermitting(＝Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

它表示謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)16

(3)作原因狀語

Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.

(4)作伴隨狀語

Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。

(3)作原因狀語

Animpo17

(5)表補(bǔ)充說明

Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold(=andhisfacewasredwithcold).一個(gè)獵人走了進(jìn)來，他的臉凍得通紅。

注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，通常放于句末。

(5)表補(bǔ)充說明

Ahunter18非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。動(dòng)詞不定式可在句中作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語；動(dòng)名詞可在句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語；分詞可在句中作表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語非謂語動(dòng)詞四個(gè)特出的特點(diǎn)：一,它不能當(dāng)謂語,因此在同一句子中一定還會(huì)另有謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。動(dòng)詞不定式可在句中作19二,非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞都表示動(dòng)作,但兩者的性質(zhì),地位不同。在英語中,一個(gè)句子只能用一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,除了用and連接的兩動(dòng)詞外,其它的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞一定要分清主次,從屬等內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對比,非謂語動(dòng)詞的地位是次要的,從屬性質(zhì)的：比如表示原因,條件,時(shí)間,目的,臨時(shí)性的不穩(wěn)定的伴隨動(dòng)作狀態(tài)等。

句子的重心應(yīng)用作主句謂語動(dòng)詞,句子的次要,伴隨,補(bǔ)充的說明部分必須用非謂語或有連詞引導(dǎo)的從句。下面列舉一些例句對比說明：

二,非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞都表示動(dòng)作,但兩者的性質(zhì),地位不同。201.“為了健康,他天天喝牛奶?！薄盀榱私】怠笔悄康?是次要?jiǎng)幼?“喝牛奶”才是唯一的謂語動(dòng)詞；Tobemorehealthy,hedrinksmilkeveryday.

2.“喝牛奶對他有好處,他愛喝牛奶”這兩處的“喝牛奶”明顯地不是具體的“喝”,而是概括抽象的一件事?！昂扰Ｄ獭痹诖颂幘徒频叵喈?dāng)于名詞“牛奶”.應(yīng)用“Drinkingmilk”動(dòng)名詞來表示。

3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛?！薄昂扰Ｄ獭痹诖颂庪m然是具體動(dòng)作,但它和“肚子痛”有內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,它表示的是原因,是從屬地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的謂語動(dòng)詞?？梢杂谩癏avingdrunksomemilk,Ihavesometroublewithmystomach.”來表示。

也可以用從句“SinceIhavedrunksomemilk,Ihavesometroublewithmystomach.”1.“為了健康,他天天喝牛奶?！薄盀榱私】怠笔悄康?是次要214,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”與“健康”有邏輯聯(lián)系,它顯然是條件,可以用"Drinkingmilkeveryday,onewillgetmorehealthy"來表示。

5,“我喝牛奶嗆著了。”“喝牛奶”和“嗆著”也有邏輯聯(lián)系,它表示時(shí)間,可以用“Drinkingmilk,Ichoked."來表示。

6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是穩(wěn)定的長背景動(dòng)作,應(yīng)做謂語動(dòng)詞,而“喝牛奶”卻是變動(dòng)不穩(wěn)定的的伴隨動(dòng)作,是補(bǔ)充說明,可用非謂語動(dòng)詞：“Hesatthere,drinkingsomemilk."

綜上所述,同是“喝牛奶”,但各句子中“喝牛奶”的動(dòng)作含義和句子地位各不相同。此“喝牛奶”非彼“喝牛奶”。4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”與“健康”有邏輯聯(lián)系,22除了可以當(dāng)狀語,非謂語動(dòng)詞還可以當(dāng)定語和補(bǔ)語。例如：

7,Thegirlstandingtherewascrying.standing就是thegirl的定語。

8,“Ifoundhimrunninginthestreet.”running就是found的賓補(bǔ)。

非謂語動(dòng)詞還可以當(dāng)表語。當(dāng)表語的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都相當(dāng)于形容詞,表示特征,狀態(tài)或人的情緒,情感；當(dāng)表語的動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞表示一件事情或現(xiàn)象。例如：

9,Thebookistiring,whilethefilmisexciting.

10.Herjobisraisingpigs,shefindsthatlivingisworking.除了可以當(dāng)狀語,非謂語動(dòng)詞還可以當(dāng)定語和補(bǔ)語。例如：

7,23三,非謂語動(dòng)詞前不需要形式主語和連詞。1,除了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)外,非謂語動(dòng)詞都沒有形式主語出現(xiàn)在它的前面,如出現(xiàn)了多余的主語那反而是錯(cuò)的句子。如“從山上看下去,我們的城市很美麗?！?Seenfromthemountain,..."“聽到這個(gè)消息,她的眼淚流出來了?！薄把蹨I”不會(huì)“聽”,不存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系,因此不能象中文一樣直譯：Hearingthenews,hertearscamealonghercheck.應(yīng)該說：Hearingthenews,shehadtearscomingalonghercheck

三,非謂語動(dòng)詞前不需要形式主語和連詞。1,除了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)242,非謂語動(dòng)詞不需要because,as,if,when,while等連詞,但它卻已經(jīng)含有連詞的意思。象Becausenothavingpreparedmylesson,Ican‘tanswerthequestion.就是錯(cuò)的,應(yīng)刪去Because。

四,非謂語動(dòng)詞具有謂語動(dòng)詞的有賓語,有狀語等特征。

1,及物的非謂語動(dòng)詞后要帶賓語,是雙賓動(dòng)詞還要帶兩個(gè)賓語,象上面的句子如用"Anybodyseeingfromthemountain,........"就是不好的句子,因?yàn)榧拔锓侵^語動(dòng)詞seeing沒有帶賓語。2,非謂語動(dòng)詞不需要because,as,if,whe252,不及物的非謂語動(dòng)詞后當(dāng)然不會(huì)有賓語。

3,過去分詞后不能出現(xiàn)賓語,因主句的主語就是它的邏輯賓語。象"Heatedthewater,itwillturnintostream."就是錯(cuò)的,thewater應(yīng)刪去。

2,不及物的非謂語動(dòng)詞后當(dāng)然不會(huì)有賓語。

3,過去分詞后不能26在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句(NounClauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞從句在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句名詞從句27Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語表語

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathed28

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.賓語同位語

{{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon29

1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what主語從句賓語從句Practice1.______thebabycouldspea303.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move表語從句同位語從句3.Thisis_____hewasoften31Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.AppositiveClause(同位語從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)ObjectClause(賓語從句)PredicativeClause(表語從句)Atlunchtime,theradioweath321

That

hewillsucceediscertain.2

Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.3

What

hesaidisnottrue.4

Where

hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5

Whoever

comesiswelcome.6How

wecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.7

When

they’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.SubjectClause主語從句1Thathewillsucceediscert33當(dāng)whether后緊跟or/ornot時(shí),不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

注意1.Whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句當(dāng)whether后緊跟or/ornot時(shí),不34

在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略Wemustmake

it

clear

thatwemeanwhatwesay.由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第二個(gè)that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcome

andthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在賓語從句中的省略與保留在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從35Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’s

whyIwaslate.表語從句:在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。作用：對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。表語從句Thequestioniswhetherwecan36同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等)后面，對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when/where/why/how/whether1)Theidea

thatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)

WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(視察)them.3)Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.同位語從句同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(id37二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1)that和what的選用that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1)that和what的選38that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.

WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhatthat/what1.______hewants39

a.主語從句

b.表語從句

c.同位語從句

e.介詞后的賓語從句

f.whethertodo做動(dòng)詞賓語不能用iftodo.

g.whetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不用if.if和whether的選用不能使用if的情況：

a.主語從句

b.表語從句

c.同位語從句

e.介40

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________she41

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________she42其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確的選擇who、which、when、where、why、

how

等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。

其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確43我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒有決定。

________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.

我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow________broketheglassyesterday.

我不知道他長的什么樣子。

Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.

這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。

Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.

Whenwhowhatwhere我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒有決定。

________wesh44that可省略的情況：

that不可省略的情況：

主語從句

表語從句

同位語從句

用it做形式賓語的賓語從句

并列的賓語從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的

引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略引導(dǎo)詞that的省略單個(gè)賓語從句中的that可省略that可省略的情況：

that不可省略的情況：

主語從句

451.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.

4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)1.Idon’tthink_______shei461.同位語從句的格式：2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用

三、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別n.+連接詞+從句fact,idea,

news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等

whether,what,when,where等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。1.同位語從句的格式：三、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別n.+連接471.Ihavenoidea_______hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_____hegotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt______hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/whether/where/how1.Ihavenoidea_______hec481.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分，充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分時(shí)可省略。2.同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別1.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語49Weexpressedthehope

thattheyhadexpressed.2.Weexpressedthehope

thattheywouldcometoChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannounced

thatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.

2.Theinformation

thatherevealedatthemeeting

isofgreatvalue.ATAPAPATAttributiveorAppositiveWeexpressedthehopethatthe50HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.名詞demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)為should+do,should可省略

HegavemeasuggestionthatI511.Thereason_____wedidn'ttrusthimwas______heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsentwas______hewasill.reason后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用why引導(dǎo),但reason后面的定語從句可以用why或者that引導(dǎo)。在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題：whythatthatthat1.Thereason_____wedidn't52PracticetimePracticetime531.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatChoosethebestanswer1.Theyexpressedthehope___544.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovesto

befalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which4.Thenews___surprisedever557.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how8.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that9.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because7.Thequestionis____thefil5610.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because11.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif江西專升本統(tǒng)考英語語法ppt課件5712.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that13.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon12.Itisknowntous___wher5814.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak15.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what14.---Isawyourneighborbr5916.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes17.Hemadeapromise___anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif16.---CanIhelpyou?6018.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand____mademattersworsewas___nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what18.Theylosttheirwayinthe611.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.It______Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.wasthoughtthatD.isthoughtthat1.Itnowappears______they624.Youmustdowell______theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where5.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what6.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when4.Youmustdowell______the637.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where7.Thequestionis______iti6410.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuild C.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe______regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept12.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.Whoever C.WhomthatD.Thatwho10.Hisproposalisthatthed6513.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether14.Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where15.Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if13.Weallknowthetruth____661.時(shí)間狀語從句:when,before,after,as,while,hardlyhad…when,scarcelyhad…when,nosoonerhad…than,till/until,since,themoment,bythetime.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.

1.時(shí)間狀語從句:when,before,after671.地點(diǎn)狀語從句:wherewhereverIfoundmybookwhereIhadleftit.Wherevertheywent,theywerekindlyreceived.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.2.原因狀語從句：because,since,as,nowgiven(假設(shè)）that,seeing(that),consideringthat，for(不能放句首）Heislikelytosucceedasheisworkinghard.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youmustdoitbyyourself.

1.地點(diǎn)狀語從句:wherewherever68IfonlyIhadmethimearlier!Youmayusetheroomaslongasyoucleanitupafterwards.Youmaygotoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.4.目的狀語從句：

sothat,inorderthat,incase

1)目的狀從含can(could),may(might),should,will等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2)在非文體中，常用incase,forfearthat引導(dǎo)表示“以防，以免”等Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.IfonlyIhadmethimearlier!693)目的狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換：Mothergotupearlysothatshemightcatchtheearlybus.=Mothergotupearlytosoastocatchtheearlybus.inordertoYoumustspeakloudersothatyoucanbeheardbyall.Wesatnearerinorderthatwecouldhearbetter.---Wesatnearersoastohearbetter.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.=Heleftearlyinorderthatheshouldn’tmiss...3)目的狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換：705.結(jié)果狀語從句so…that,such…that,that,sothat,inorderthat(引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，從句中常有can,could,may,might,would)Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.so+adj./adv.somany/much/little/fewso+adj.+a/an+n.such+a/an+adj.+n.such+adj.+n.(pl.)

suchafoolsofoolishsuchaniceflowersoniceaflowersuchniceflowerssomany/fewflowerssuchrapidprogresssomuch/littlemoney5.結(jié)果狀語從句so…that,such…that,th71Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.

Heissoyoungaboythathecan’tgotoschool.Heleftsohurriedlythatheforgottolockthedoor.Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottolockthedoor.-----Heleftsohurriedlyastoforgettolockthe....ThisissuchabeautifulchairthatI’mthinkingofbuyingit.----ThisissobeautifulachairthatI’mthinkingofbuyingit.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaoffacts.Theboyissoyoungthatheca72區(qū)別結(jié)果與目的：Shehurried,sothatshecaughtthebus.Shehurriedsothatshemightcatchthebus.Iwenttothelectureearly,sothatIgotagoodseat.I’mgoingtothelectureearlysothatImaygetagoodseat.6.方式狀語從句：as,asif,asthoughYoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.I’lldoasI’mtoldto.Hewalkedslowlyasifhehadhurthisleg.Hewalkedasthoughheweredrunk.區(qū)別結(jié)果與目的：737.比較狀語從句：as…as,notso(as)…as,thanThefilmwasnotso(as)goodasIhadexpected.Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveasmine.Heswimsfasterthananyotherstudentinhisclass.1)as和than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句常常省去與主句中相同的部分，只留下相比較的部分.Shelooksfarolderthansheis.It;’smoreexpensivetotravelbyplanethanbytrain.2)the+比較級（接從句）,the+比較級（接從句）表示“越….，（就）越…”Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.7.比較狀語從句：as…as,notso(as)…as74Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe’llbeabletoleave.3)應(yīng)注意比較內(nèi)容的一致Theweatherhereishotterthanthatinyourhometown.Thegirlsinyourclassaremoreactivethanthose(thegirls)inourclass.4)表示A不及B時(shí),基本句式如下：Thisroomisn’tbiggerthanmine.Hedoeshisworklesscarefullythanhisbrother.MrsBrownisnotsofatasshelooks.5)表示A和B同等程度時(shí)，基本句式如下:Thequickeryougetready,the75Thisrulerisaslongasyours.Hehasboughtasmanybooks

asIhave.HehasboughtasmuchriceasIhave.As+adj.+as+具體數(shù)字“（高、多）達(dá)…”Thetemperaturehereisashighas39oC.Hehaslearnedasmanyas4000Englishwords.8.讓步狀語從句：though,although,as(雖然，盡管)evenif,eventhough,whoever,whatever,wherever….，nomatterwho(what,which,how)whether…1)though,although,asHedidn’tlightthefirethough/althoughitwascold.Thisrulerisaslongasyours76Difficultastheworkwas,theymanagedtofinishitintime.MuchasIloveit,I’llnotbuyit.Childassheis,sheknowsalot.2)Evenif,eventhoughI’lldoit,evenifittakesmealltheafternoon.Evenifhedidsayso,wecannotbesurethathewastellingthetruth.3)由wh-+ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句：Keepcalm,whateverhappens.Wheneveryoucallonme,youarealwayswelcome.Difficultastheworkwas,the77口語中常用nomatterwh-來代替wh-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句:NomatterwhatIdid(=WhateverIdid),noonepaidanyattention.Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.However(=Nomatterhow)oftenyouring,noonewillanswer.4)whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句:Whetherhedrivesor(Whetherhe)takesthetrain,he’llbethereontime.WhetherIgoaloneor(whether)hegoeswithme,theresultwillbethesame.口語中常用nomatterwh-來代替wh789.條件狀語從句：if，unless,ifnot,onconditionthat,aslongas

e.g.Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.=ifyougivehimaninch,hewilltakeamile.

Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.當(dāng)表示否定的條件時(shí)，可用連詞or或otherwise.Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.9.條件狀語從句：if，unless,ifnot,7910.方式狀語從句：as,asif,asthough,

theway(that)

e.g.youmustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.

Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.

Johndoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.10.方式狀語從句：as,asif,asthough80Subjunctive

MoodSubjunctive

Mood81虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說82

虛擬語氣的主要內(nèi)容一、非真實(shí)條件句（if等）中的虛擬語氣時(shí)態(tài)一致

2.混合條件句3.含蓄條件句4.倒裝句5.Ifonly感嘆二、名詞性從句的虛擬語氣：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句三、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、It’stime…It’snecessary/strange/matural/inportant+that從句虛擬語氣的主要內(nèi)容一、非真實(shí)條件句（if等）中的83虛擬語氣一、在條件從句中(叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實(shí)相反的條件。分三種情況(以do