英文報(bào)刊選讀Lecture3-導(dǎo)語課件

FeaturesofLeadFeaturesofLeadAmericannewspaperTheNewYorkTimes

《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》TheWashingtonPost《華盛頓郵報(bào)》LosAngelesTimes《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》USAToday《今日美國報(bào)》TheWallStreetJournal《華爾街日報(bào)》BritainNewspaperTheTimes《泰晤士報(bào)》FinancialTimes《金融時(shí)報(bào)》TheGuardian《衛(wèi)報(bào)》TheTelegraph《每日電訊報(bào)》AmericannewspaperTheNewYorA.P.(AssociatedPress)

UPI(UnitedPressInternational)Reuters(Reuter’sNewsAgency) （美國）美聯(lián)社（美國）合眾社（英國）路透社A.P.(AssociatedPress) （美國）ReviewBrieferthefollowingheadlines:25pollutersareshutdown,othersaretoldtomakechangesPapersaidthatUScommandfaultedinprisonabuseReviewBrieferthefollowingh25pollutersshutdown,otherstoldtomakechangesPaper:UScommandfaultedinprisonabuse英文報(bào)刊選讀Lecture3-導(dǎo)語課件AddthemissingwordstoeachheadlinebelowandtranslateittoChinese1.WhatDecliningRegistrationRateforPost-gradExamMean?2.GreatWallatTopof“World’sNewSevenWonders”3.LotsofFruitinChildrenCutsAdultCancerRisk4.WorkersCheckedAfterRadiationLeakdoesthetheTheisthethethearetheAddthemissingwordstoeachTranslatethenewsheadlinesintoChineseBushreadytopullout8,000troopsfromIraqXi,ObamareaffirmstronglinksMantofacecourtforassaultsongirl,5FlushotadvisedforallchildrenHousepassedObama’seconomicstimulusbillTranslatethenewsheadlinesikeys1.布什準(zhǔn)備從伊拉克撤出8千名士兵。2.習(xí)近平和奧巴馬重申加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系。3.一男子騷擾五歲女孩面臨起訴。4.建議所有兒童注射流感預(yù)防針。5.國會(huì)同意奧巴馬的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激議案。keys1.布什準(zhǔn)備從伊拉克撤出8千名士兵。Nneologisms1.Positive

energy(正能量)Originally

a

term

used

in

physics,

popularized

by

theBritish

psychologist

Richard

Wiseman

to

describe

the

energy

that

helps

people

build

up

self-confidence

and

optimism.正能量：本為物理學(xué)名詞，英國心理學(xué)家理查德·懷斯曼著有《正能量》，書中把人體比作一個(gè)能量場，用“正能量”比喻通過激發(fā)人的內(nèi)在潛能，使人產(chǎn)生自信、樂觀、積極進(jìn)取的正面力量。

Nneologisms1.Positive

energy2.(吐槽):Quick,sharpcriticismofdialogueoreventsthatareperceivedasviolatingnorms.吐槽：對認(rèn)為違背常理的話語、事情等予以快速、犀利的批評。3.(拍磚):Hitwithabrick.Anexpressionmeaningtoopposeorcriticizeaviewpoint.(MostlyusedontheInternet.)拍磚：用磚頭拍打（別人）。比喻提出反對或批評意見（多用于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)）。2.(吐槽):Quick,sharpcriti4.(接地氣):Connectedtotheearth'senergy.Beingintouchwithreallife,inaccordancewithobjectivereality;alsotopenetratethegrassroots,toexperienceandobservetheconditionofthepeople,resolvepracticalproblems.接地氣：貼近大地氣息。比喻貼近現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，符合客觀實(shí)際；也比喻深入基層，體察民情，解決實(shí)際問題4.(接地氣):Connectedtotheear5.

(地溝油):Gutteroil.Wasteoilsillegallyusedincooking.地溝油：用下水道、泔水等中的浮油加工提煉的油。地溝油用于餐飲對人體危害很大，但可用來提煉生物柴油等。6.(軟實(shí)力):Softpower.軟實(shí)力：一般指一個(gè)國家的文化、社會(huì)制度、意識(shí)形態(tài)、發(fā)展模式等無形的實(shí)力。7.(硬實(shí)力):

Hard

power.硬實(shí)力：一般指經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、軍事等方面的有形的實(shí)力。5.(地溝油):Gutteroil.Wasteoi

8.(減排):

Reduce

pollution.減排：采取措施，減少廢氣、廢水等污染物的排放。9.BAT

:BAT是百度（Baidu）、阿里巴巴（Alibaba）、騰訊（Tencent）三家公司首字母的合稱。

在2013中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)哈哈榜之十大并購中，BAT就占了其中的8席。BAT，構(gòu)成了中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的第一集團(tuán)，也是海外對中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的代名詞。

BAT，是中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)江湖的一個(gè)神秘組織。恨她的人，比愛她的要多；想她的人，比恨她的還要多。

8.(減排):

Reduce

pollution.10.OTT(OverTheTop互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電視)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新概念在近幾年一直層出不窮，如2009年的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(IoTInternetofThings)；2010年的云計(jì)(Cloudcomputing)；2013年開年后的第一個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)新概念實(shí)屬OTT無疑10.OTT(OverTheTop互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電視)Dama由于中國大媽“彪悍”地撼動(dòng)了國際金價(jià)，美國媒體甚至專門創(chuàng)造了英語新單詞dama。近年來，被中國“逼”出來的英文單詞很多，或由國外媒體專家，或由國內(nèi)熱心網(wǎng)友創(chuàng)造，Dama由于中國大媽“彪悍”地撼動(dòng)了國際金價(jià)，美國媒體甚至Shuanggui(雙規(guī))英文媒體對雙規(guī)可并不陌生?！度A爾街日報(bào)》在報(bào)道深圳前市長許宗衡被“雙規(guī)”時(shí)，就直接使用了shuanggui。Antizen(蟻?zhàn)?螞蟻(ant)+英文后綴(izen)=異族(Antizen)用來形容80后大學(xué)生低收入聚集的群體。Chengguan(城管)2009年4月中國網(wǎng)友曝光所謂《城管執(zhí)法操作實(shí)務(wù)》，這一“城管秘籍”在引發(fā)中國媒體關(guān)注的同時(shí)，也成為《泰晤士報(bào)》等國外媒體熱報(bào)的國際新聞之一。Shuanggui(雙規(guī))Don’train(動(dòng)車)

不要(Don’t)+火車(train)=Don’train(動(dòng)車)Ernai(二奶)有熱心的中國網(wǎng)友將其翻譯為secondmilk，但顯然無法得到西方主流媒體的承認(rèn)。國際權(quán)威時(shí)尚傳媒《Women'sWearDaily》向讀者解釋說：TheChinesenameforLotitaisErNai,or，theSecondMrs。Guanxi(關(guān)系)關(guān)系最有中國特色，可能是英國《衛(wèi)報(bào)》等媒體率先使用。Hongbao(紅包)在外媒眼中，紅包再也不單純是過農(nóng)歷新年時(shí)收到的LuckyMoney了。英文報(bào)刊選讀Lecture3-導(dǎo)語課件DefinitionofnewsleadAleadisthefirstsentenceorthefirstparagraphofastory.Aleadisusuallyoneinformation-packedsentencewhichexpandsonthestory’smainpointasintroducedintheheadline.DefinitionofnewsleadAleadAleadshouldcontaintheanswersaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Whatwasuniqueorthemostimportantorunusualthingthathappened?2.Whowasinvolved?---Whodiditorwhosaidit?3.Isadirectordelayedleadbest？4.IsthereacolorfulwordordramaticphraseIcanworkintothelead?5.Whatisthesubject,andwhatverbwillbestmovethereaderintothestory?AleadshouldcontaintheanswFunctionsofnewslead--succinct

Aleadmustcapturetheessenceofthenews.

Newversionofairpollutionlawwouldimposeheavierfines(ChinaDaily)Updated:2014-09-11AreviseddraftofChina'sLawonthePreventionandControlofAtmosphericPollution,releasedonTuesdayforpublicopinion,wouldrequiregovernmentsabovethecountyleveltoestablishpollutionmonitoringsystemsandlevyheavierfinesforillegalactivitiesthatpollutetheenvironment.Functionsofnewslead--succinPistoriusnotguiltyofmurderbutwasnegligentUpdated:2014-09-1210:50PRETORIA,SouthAfrica

-Duringhistrial,OscarPistoriussometimesretchedandsobbed.Thedouble-amputeeOlympiansobbedagainonThursday,thistimeinapparentreliefasajudgesaidtheevidencedidnotsupportamurderconvictionforkillinggirlfriendReevaSteenkamp.PistoriusnotguiltyofmurderFunctionsofnewslead—intriguing

AleadmustencouragereaderstocontinueMorecitiesjointhe'yearofsmarttourism'ByZhangZhao(ChinaDaily)Updated:2014-09-1307:42SeveralcitiesinChinahavelaunched"smarttourism"projects,whichfeatureintegratedtourismresourcesandstrongerinteractivitybetweentouristsandtheirdestinationsviatheInternet.

Functionsofnewslead—intriguiPhone6boundforUSUpdated:2014-09-1213:27ChinaSouthernAirlinesBoeing777airlinercarrying93tonsofAppleiPhone6mobilephonesdepartsfromCentralChina'sHenanprovinceforChicago,IllinoisUSAonSeptember10,2014.iPhone6boundforUS2BritishtouristsmurderedinThailand

BANGKOK--TwoBritishtouristswerefoundbrutallymurderedonthetourist-attractiveislandKohTaoofThailandonMondaymorning.2BritishtouristsmurderedinFunctionsofnewslead–informativePutinwantstodestroyUkraineandrestoreSovietUnion,saysYatseniukTheRussianpresident,VladimirPutin,wantstodestroyUkraineasanindependentcountryandtorestoretheSovietUnion,UkrainianprimeministerArsenyYatseniuksaidonSaturday.Functionsofnewslead–inforWithappearanceinIowa,Clintontakesabigsteptoward2016

FormerUSSecretary（前國務(wù)卿）ofStateHillaryClintonstokedspeculationonSundaythatshewasmovingclosertoannouncingabidfortheWhiteHousein2016asshevisitedtheearly-votingstateofIowa(愛荷華州)totakepartinthestate‘sannual“steakfry,”agatheringofDemocraticactiviststhatoftenattractspresidentialhopefuls（總統(tǒng)候選人）.WithappearanceinIowa,ClintThinkandanalyzeExaminethefollowingnewsleadandthinkaboutwhethertheyareappropriateornot.E.g.1InitialreportsindicatedasuspectedsuicidebomberapproachedanISAF(theInternationalSecurityAssistanceForce)businavehicleanddetonatedtheexplosives.ThinkandanalyzeExaminetheE.g.2KabulPoliceChiefBasirSalangitoldTheAssociationPressthatat8:30a.m.todayonamajorroadontheeastsideofKabulneartheAfghanNationalArmytrainingfacilityasuicidebomberapproachedacarbombnearanInternationalSecurityAssistanceForce,orISAF,buscarryingGermanpeacekeepersonSaturday,killing3,woundingatleast8andinjuringanother28infirstfatalattackontheinternationalforce.E.g.2E.g.3AsuicideattackdetonatedacarbombnearabuscarryingGermanpeacekeepersinKabulonSaturday,killing3andwoundingatleast8.U.S.officialsaid.E.g.3Reims,France,May7---GermanysurrenderedunconditionallytothewesternalliesandtheSovietUnionat2:41A.M.Frenchtimetoday.

這是《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上一篇報(bào)道德國無條件投降的消息中的導(dǎo)語。WHO---GermanyWHAT---surrenderedtothewesternalliesandtheSovietUnionWHEN---at2:41A.M.Frenchtimetoday(May7)WHERE---Reims,FranceWHY/HOW---unconditionally在消息寫作中，這種回答了新聞六要素(who,what,when,where,why,how)的導(dǎo)語通常被稱為綜合式導(dǎo)語(DirectLead/SummaryLead)。這種導(dǎo)語的特點(diǎn)在于它能把新聞內(nèi)容的精髓概括出來。但是，讀者在閱讀報(bào)紙的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是所有的消息都以綜合式導(dǎo)語開頭。有的導(dǎo)語只回答了新聞六要素中最重要、讀者最關(guān)心的一、兩項(xiàng)，這樣的導(dǎo)語稱為部分綜合式導(dǎo)語(PartialSummaryLead)，它避免了綜合式導(dǎo)語的不足之處，既無需為了包羅五個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”而使句子變得冗長不堪，使讀者望而生畏，失去繼續(xù)閱讀的興趣。Reims,France,May7---GermanyDirectleadThefamoustypicalandclassicaldirectleadistheonewrittenbyanAPreporteronApril.14,1865,immediatelyafterPresidentAbrahamLincolnwasassassinated.WASHINGTON,FRIDAY,APRIL14,1865----ThePresidentwasshotinatheatretonightandperhapsmortallywounded.DirectleadThefamoustypicalDelayedLeadDelayedleadisoftenusedonfeatures,thekindofstoriesthatarenotaboutdevelopingorfast-breakingevents.e.g.Themanshelovedslappedherface.Furious,shesaysshetoldhimnever,evertodothatagain.“Whatareyougoingtodo,killme?”heasked,andhandedheragun.“Here,killme,”hechallenged.Shesaid.DelayedLeadDelayedleadisofWecanchangethepreviousleadintodirectlead:Aladykilledthemansheloved.Butusingthedelayedleadcannotshowsoviolentemotionandthemainfactsarenottoldatthebeginning,butlieinthefollowingparagraphs.Itcanalsosuspendthereaders’curiosity.Wecanchangethepreviouslea這是新華社發(fā)表的一篇報(bào)道胡錦濤主席會(huì)見海峽共同市場基金會(huì)主席蕭萬長的消息中的導(dǎo)語。WHO---HuJintao,VincentC.SiewWHAT---meetsWHEN---April12,2008WHERE---inBoao,southChina’sHainanProvince

這是新華社發(fā)表的一篇報(bào)道北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)圣火到達(dá)巴基斯坦首都伊斯蘭堡的的消息中的導(dǎo)語。WHO---TheBeijingOlympicflameWHAT---arrivedinPakistanicapital

WHEN---at12:25a.m.

localtime

WHERE---PakistanicapitalIslamabad

WHY/HOW---forthe10thlegofitsglobaltourBeijingOlympicflamearrivesinPakistanicapitalISLAMABAD,April16(Xinhua)--TheBeijingOlympicflamearrivedinPakistanicapitalIslamabadat12:25a.m.

localtime(1925GMT)forthe10thlegofitsglobaltour.HuJintao,VincentSiew’slatestmeetingsignificant

BOAO,Hainan,April12(Xinhua)--

HuJintao,generalsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCentralCommittee,

meetswithVincentSiew,chairmanoftheTaiwan-basedCross-StraitsCommonMarketFoundation,inBoao,southChina’sHainanProvince,April12,2008.

這是新華社發(fā)表的一篇報(bào)道胡錦濤主席會(huì)見海峽共同市場基金會(huì)主席除了綜合式導(dǎo)語外，消息報(bào)道往往還經(jīng)常酌情采用其它形式的導(dǎo)語。英文報(bào)紙種類繁多，消息所報(bào)道的內(nèi)容包羅萬象，導(dǎo)語也形式多樣，不能一概而論。但一般來說，最常見的導(dǎo)語有以下幾種：1.對比式導(dǎo)語(ContrastLead)這種導(dǎo)語通常通過同時(shí)列舉兩項(xiàng)新聞事實(shí)進(jìn)行對比，以突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)本文最重要的內(nèi)容及其意義。這種導(dǎo)語能使新聞事實(shí)中所蘊(yùn)涵的新聞價(jià)值充分地顯露出來，并給受眾留下較為深刻的印象。注意：相互對比的事實(shí)之間，反差要強(qiáng)烈。反差越大，效果就越好。如：NBS:Chinareports8.3%riseinCPIinMarch

BEIJING,April16(Xinhua)--China’sconsumerpriceindex(CPI),akeymeasureofinflation,wasup8.3percentinMarch,followingan8.7percentriserecordedforthepreviousmonth.除了綜合式導(dǎo)語外，消息報(bào)道往往還經(jīng)常酌情采用其它形式的導(dǎo)語。2.提問式導(dǎo)語(QuestionLead)一般來說，記者在消息報(bào)道的導(dǎo)語里總是力爭為五個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”所提出的問題提供答案，而很少提問。但是，當(dāng)消息所報(bào)道的內(nèi)容涉及到一個(gè)公眾共同關(guān)心的問題或易于引起讀者議論的事件時(shí)，記者有時(shí)采用疑問式導(dǎo)語，在導(dǎo)語中進(jìn)行提問，引起讀者的思考，從而達(dá)到吸引讀者的目的。如：IstruancybecominganationalepidemicinBritain?Certainlythereareclearsignsthatthenumberofpupilswhosimplydonotturnupatschoolorwho“clockin”andthendisappearduringtheschoolday,isincreasingtoaworryinglevel.

---TheSundayExpress2.提問式導(dǎo)語(QuestionLead)一般來說，記3.引語式導(dǎo)語(QuotationLead)為了突出報(bào)道的客觀性，記者有時(shí)還引用消息中主要人物的尖銳而有新意的語言，放在消息報(bào)道的開頭部分作為導(dǎo)語，這樣往往易于給讀者留下強(qiáng)烈的印象。這種導(dǎo)語通常分為完全引語式導(dǎo)語(FullQuotationLead)和部分引語式導(dǎo)語(PartialQuotationLead)。如：“Thegovernmentwillcontinuetoupgradeitscapabilitiestocopewithnaturaldisastersasclimatechangeleadstomoreextremeweatherconditions,”asenioroffici