Keith Johnson《外語學(xué)習(xí)與教學(xué)導(dǎo)論》筆記和考研真題詳解

絎?绔犮€€浜斾釜瀛︾敓鍜屼簲縐嶆柟娉?/a>

1.1銆€澶嶄範(fàn)絎旇

鏈珷瑕佺偣

1Whydopeoplelearnforeignlanguages?浜轟滑涓轟粈涔堝澶栬錛?/p>

2Individuallearningdifferences涓綋瀛︿範(fàn)宸紓

3Languageteaching:avarietyofmethods澶氱鏁欏鏂規(guī)硶

甯歌€冭€冪偣

瀛︿範(fàn)鍔ㄦ満錛涙暀瀛︽柟娉曘€?/p>

鏈珷鍐呭绱㈠紩

鈪?/span>.Reasonsforlearning

1Furtherstudy

2Communication

鈪?/span>.Themultilingualworld

1Attitude

2Parentalsupport

3Talent

鈪?/span>.Methodsyouhaveexperienced

1Immersion

2Grammar-translation(GT)

3Totalphysicalresponse(TPR)

4Audio-lingualism(AL)

5Communitylanguagelearning(CLL)

鈪?/span>.Reasonsforlearning錛堝涔?fàn)鐨勫師鍥犲Q?/p>

1Furtherstudypurpose錛堜互榪涗慨涓虹洰鐨勶級(jí)

SomelearnerslearnEnglishforgoingabroadorforprofessionaldevelopment.

涓€浜涘涔?fàn)鑰呭澶栬鏄負(fù)浜?jiǎn)鍑哄浗鎴栬€呮壘鍒板ソ宸ヤ綔銆?/p>

2Communication錛堜氦嫻佺洰鐨勶級(jí)

Learningthecustomsandcultureofthetargetlanguagehelpstobettercommunicatewiththetargetpopulation.

閫氳繃瀛︿範(fàn)鐩爣璇█鐨勯淇楁枃鍖栬兘鏇村ソ鍦頒笌鐩爣浜虹兢浜ゆ祦銆?/p>

鈪?/span>.Individuallearningdifferences錛堜釜浣撳涔?fàn)宸紓锛?jí)

1Attitude

Learnersneedtoadoptappropriateattitudestowardsnativespeakersofthelanguagetheyarelearning.

瀛︿範(fàn)鑰呴渶瑕佸鎵€瀛﹁璦€鐨勬瘝璇嬌鐢ㄨ€呮€佸害閫傚綋銆?/p>

2Parentalsupport

Parents鈥?supportfortheirchildrenisveryimportant.Ifparentswanttheirchildrentolearnaforeignlanguagewell,theirsupportwillbeofgreathelptotheirchildrenintheprocessoflearningaforeignlanguage.

鐖舵瘝鐨勬敮鎸佸瀛╁瓙鏄潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑銆傚鏋滅埗姣嶆兂瑕佸瀛愬濂戒竴闂ㄥ璇紝鐖舵瘝鐨勬敮鎸佸浜庡瀛愬涔?fàn)邋浗鐨剺q囩▼鏄湁寰堝ぇ甯姪鐨勩€?/p>

3Talent

Somepeoplearebornwithatalentforlearningforeignlanguages.

鏈変簺浜虹敓鏉ュ氨鏈夊澶栬鐨勫ぉ鍒嗐€?/p>

鈪?/span>.Methodsyouhaveexperienced錛堜竴浜涘凡鐭ョ殑鏁欏鏂規(guī)硶錛?/p>

1Immersion錛堟矇嫻稿紡鏁欏娉曪級(jí)

Thismethodisbasedontheviewthattheprocessoflearningaforeignlanguageandmasteringthemothertongueinchildhoodareessentiallythesame.

榪欎釜鏂規(guī)硶鏄熀浜庘€滃涔?fàn)涓€闂ㄥ璇拰鍎跨瀛︿範(fàn)姣嶈鏈川鏄浉閫氱殑鈥濊繖涓€瑙傜偣銆?/p>

2Grammar-translation(GT)錛堣娉?緲昏瘧鏁欏娉曪級(jí)

Someteachersspend20minuteswritingemphasisongrammarontheblackboardandusealotofgrammaticalterms.Thenletthestudentsdosomebilingualtranslationtraining.

涓€浜涜€佸笀鑺辮垂20鍒嗛挓灝嗚娉曢噸鐐瑰啓鍦ㄩ粦鏉夸笂錛屽茍浣跨敤澶ч噺鐨勮娉曟湳璇紝鐒跺悗璁╁鐢熷仛涓€浜涘弻璇炕璇戣緇冦€?/p>

3Totalphysicalresponse(TPR)錛堣偄浣撳弽搴旀暀瀛︽硶錛?/p>

Theteacherfirstdoesafewdemonstrationmoves,andthenselectsafewstudentstoimitate.Theteacherwillnotspeakduringthedemonstration.Afterawhile,theteacherasksthestudentstodescribeinthetargetlanguage,andletotherstudentsimitateit.

鑰佸笀棣栧厛鍋氬嚑涓ず鑼冨姩浣滐紝鐒跺悗閫夊嚑涓悓瀛︽ā浠褲€傝€佸笀鍦ㄥ仛紺鴻寖鍔ㄤ綔鏈熼棿涓嶈璇濄€傝繃涓€浼?xì)涔嬪悗桄眰鍚屽鐢ㄧ洜囪瘡彉q幫紝璁╁叾浠栧悓瀛︽帴鐫€妯′豢銆?/p>

4Audio-lingualism(AL)錛堝惉璇存暀瀛︽硶錛?/p>

(1)Pointoutthegrammaticalkeypointsthroughexamplesentences,andthenexplainthemwithpictures.

閫氳繃渚嬪彞鎸囧嚭璇硶閲嶇偣錛屽啀鐢ㄥ浘鐗囧姞浠ヨВ閲娿€?/p>

(2)Explainthegrammarinashorttime,followedbyquickgrammarpractice.

鐢ㄥ緢鐭殑鏃墮棿瑙ｉ噴璇硶錛岀揣鎺ョ潃鍋氳娉曞揩閫熺粌涔?fàn)銆?/p>

5Communitylanguagelearning(CLL)錛堝洟浣撹璦€瀛︿範(fàn)娉曪級(jí)

(1)Itisawayforstudentstolearnforeignlanguagestogether.Studentsareclientsandteachersareconsultants.

榪欐槸涓€縐嶅鐢熶竴璧峰涔?fàn)彖瘹勬栆?guī)硶銆傚鐢熸槸瀹㈡埛錛岃€佸笀鏄【闂€?/p>

(2)Themethodisbasedontheconsultingmethod,whereteachersactasconsultantsandtranslators,andstudentsactasclientsandcollaborators.

璇ユ柟娉曟槸鍩轟簬鍜ㄨ娉曪紝鍗蟲暀甯堜綔涓洪【闂拰緲昏瘧錛屽鐢熶綔涓哄鎴峰拰鍚堜綔鑰呫€?/p>

(3)Thismethodemphasizesgrouplearning.Itencourages