高三英語一輪復習單元訓練卷3+人教版（2019）必修第一+冊Unit+4 +5

必修一Unit4-Unit5第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）一、閱讀理解ATheAnalysisofFriendshipwithRobinDunbarFriendshipisthesinglemostimportantthingthataffectsourpsychologicalandourphysicalhealthandwell-being.It’salsoveryexpensivebecause,ifwewantfriendshipstoworkforus,wehavetoinvestalotoftimeinkeepingthem.Inthisonlinetalk,RobinDunbarwillexplainhowourbrainscreatefriendshipsforus.Aboutthespeaker:RobinDunbarisProfessorofEvolutionaryPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford.HespentthefirsthalfofhiscareerstudyingthesocialbehaviorofmonkeysandantelopesinAfrica,andthesecondhalfstudyinghumans.Hehaspublished400sciencejournalarticles.Besides,hehascontributedtomanyradioandTVsciencedocumentaries,andhaswrittenadozenpopularsciencebooks.What’sincludedinyourticket:●Livelecturelasting60minutesincludingQ&AwithRobinDunbarOn-demandaccesstoarecordingofthelectureandQ&Afor12monthsBookinginformation:●Thisonlineeventwillstartat6p.m.onThursday21,October2021andwilllastforonehour.Accesstoarecordingoftheeventwillbeavailabletoticketpurchasersforthe12monthsfollowingtheliveevent.●Aticketcostsyouthirteendollars.We’llemailyouaconfirmationimmediatelyafterpurchase.You’llreceiveaseparateemailwithalinktoaccesstheeventauditorium(禮堂)beforetheevent.Pleasenotethateachlinkisuniqueandshouldn’tbeshared.●NewScientistLtdreservestherighttochangetheeventanditsline-up,orcanceltheevent.Intheunlikelyeventofcancellation,allticketswillbefullyrefunded.NewScientistLtdwon’tberesponsibleforanyadditionalexpensescausedbyticketholdersinrelationtotheevent.1.Whatwilltheonlinetalkbemainlyabout?A.Theexpensesoffriendship. B.Theformationoffriendship.C.Theproblemsoffriendship. D.Theimportanceoffriendship.2.WhatachievementhasRobinDunbaralreadymade?A.Hehascollectedmanysciencedocumentaries.B.Hehaspublishedtwelvepopularsciencebooks.C.Hehasgivenmanyinspirationalspeechesonline.D.Hehaswrittenover400papersonsocialbehavior.3.Whichofthefollowingwillbegiventotheticketholders?A.Asixty-minute-longlivelecture.B.Accesstothespeaker’swritings.C.Achancetointerviewthespeaker.D.Involvementinrecordingthelecture.BOnAugust25,HurricaneHarveymadelandfallinSouthernTexas.Thestormlastedfordays,pouringalmost52inchesofrain.Thedownpourhascausedwidespreadflooding,forcingmorethan32,000peopleintosheltersanddamagingthecity’swatersupplysystem.Theonlysilverliningisthatdisastersliketheseseemedtounitepeople.Whilethenumberoforganizationsandindividualsthathavegoneallouttoassistthevictimsistoomanytolist,herearesomehighlightsoftheoutpouringofsupportthathasmadeheadlinesthispastweek.Aweekago,NFIplayerJJWattsetupawebsitewithagoaltoraise$200,000.Soonhehascollectedover$18million,andthedonationskeeppouringin.Thethrilledfootballstarwantstoensurethemoneyisusedwhereneeded,saying,“We’retryingtomakesureitgoesdirectlytothepeople.Soourfirstwaveofoperationiswe'llhaveninesemi-trucksgoingoutthereandIwillgostraightintothecommunitiesandhandstuffoutthere.”O(jiān)rdinaryindividualsarenotshyingawayfromhelpingeither.JimMcIngvale,theownerofafurniturestore,turnedhistwo100,000-square-footwarehouseintoshelters.Whenaskedifhewasconcernedaboutthefurniturethatwasbeingusedbythoselivingthere,heresponded,“Thesepeoplearenice.They’retakingcareofthefurniture.Furniture’smadetobesaton,sleptonorlaidon.It’sjustaproduct.”Therearealsomanyunsungheroesthatareputtingtheirlivesatrisktohelpothers.Afterdiscoveringanelderlymantrappedinsidehistruck,localpeoplemadeahumanchainthroughthedangerouswatertodraghimtosafety.Whilethereisnotmuchanyonecouldhavedonetopreventtheloss,peopleacrosstheUSaredoingeverythingtheycantohelpitspeoplerecover.4.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwords“silverlining”inparagraph2?A.problem B.opportunityC.solution D.comfort5.HowdidJJWattmostprobablyfeelaboutthedonation?A.Disappointed B.Confused.C.Unexpected. D.Dissatisfied.6.WhatdidJimMcIngvaledotohelpthevictimsinthedisaster?A.Hehelpedtosavethemfromdrowning.B.Heofferedthemaplacetolivein.C.Heprovidedworkfortheminhisstore.D.Herentedfurnituretothemcheaply.7.Whatspiritdoestheauthormainlyintendtopraise?A.Determination. B.Selflessness.C.Honesty. D.Bravery.CStopwastingyourtimethinkingofreasonsforyourfailures.Instead,realizethattheseedsofsuccesswereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.Theseeds,andthepowertogrowthem,arecontainedinthemostawesomemachineevercreated:thehumanmind.Successisachoiceandnotachance.Youwerebornawinner.Youwerebornrich.Youcanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoice.Youcannotbesuccessfulwithoutfirstdevelopingyourself-confidence.Yourlevelofself-confidenceisalwaysbasedonthedegreeofcontrolthatyouareabletoexerciseoveryourself,andthusoveryourlife.Peoplewithlowself-confidencearepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyarealwaysvictims.Theyareleavestossed(搖擺)bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.Youcanexercisecontroloveryourlifeonlytothedegreethatyoubelieveyouareresponsibleforeverythingthathappensinyourlife.Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchance.Successfulpeoplerealizethattheyareresponsible.Everythinghappensasaresultofsomething.Ifwecanidentify(確定)thecause,wecancontroltheeffect.Weareresponsibleforwhatwechoosetothinkandbelieve.Onegenerallyrisestothelevelthatoneexpects.Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidence.Inallareasofyourlife,whethertheyarefinancial,physical,orspiritual,youareresponsible.Onceyourecognizethis,acceptit,andfirmlybelieveit.Youareontheroadtosuccess.8.Peoplewithlowself-confidencearecomparedtoleavesbecausethey______.A.don’thavethepowertofacetheirlivesB.arereadytochangetheirmindsC.can’texercisecontroloverthemselvesD.areeasilyaffectedbywindyweather9.Loserswouldthinkthat______.A.theyfailonlybecauseofbadluckB.theydon’tmakeeffortstosucceedC.successistheresultofhardworkD.workinghardwillleadtosuccess10.Itcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraphthat______.A.whatwebelieveinistheresultofcreativemindB.whetherwewillsucceeddependsonourattitudesC.settingourexpectationsisvitalbeforetakingactionD.knowingcauseandeffectisthekeytofuturesuccess11.Thelastparagraphservesas______.A.anintroductiontoanothertopicB.acomparisonbetweentwoviewsC.theproofoftheauthor’spointsD.theconclusionoftheargumentDPeopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearetoomanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.Firstly,inafirstlanguagethedifficultiesareunimportantaspeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally,sothequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnonlymakesmoresensewhenlearningasecondlanguage.AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinesebecausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage.Thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenthesecondlanguageandourfirstlanguage,theharderitwillbeformostpeopletolearn.ManypeopleanswerthatChineseisthehardestlanguagetolearn,possiblyinfluencedbythethoughtoflearningtheChinesewritingsystem,andthepronunciationofChinesedoesappeartobeverydifficultformanyforeignlearners.However,forJapanesespeakers,whoalreadyuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage,learningwritingwillbelessdifficultthanforspeakersoflanguagesusingtheRomanalphabet.Somepeopleseemtolearnlanguageseasily,whileothersfinditverydifficult.Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner’smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife.Obviously,BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian,whichusesasimilaralphabettoEnglishbuthas35cases(formsofanounsaccordingtowhetheritissubject,object,genitive,etc).ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulty.However,Tabassaran,aCaucasianlanguagehas48cases,soitmightcausemoredifficultyifBritishdiplomatshadtolearnit.Differentculturesandindividualsfromthosecultureswillfinddifferentlanguagesmoredifficult.Therefore,itisimpossibletosaythatthereisonelanguagethatisthemostdifficultlanguageintheworld.12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyapplicabletofirstlanguageacquisition.B.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyapplicabletosecondlanguageacquisition.C.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisapplicabletobothfirstandsecondlanguageacquisition.D.Therearetoomanylanguagesintheworldsoit’sdifficulttosaywhichoneisthemostdifficulttolearn.13.WhichlanguagewillanativePortuguesespeakerprobablyfindeasiertolearn?A.Chinese,becausePortugueseuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage.B.Japanese,becauseitissimilartotheirownlanguage.C.Spanish,becauseitalsousesRomanalphabet.D.AnyonebutChinese,becauseitspronunciationisverydifficult.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumstances”refertoinParagraph3?A.Aparticularsituationorenvironment.B.Thedegreeofeducationthatsomebodyhasobtained.C.Teachers’encouragement.D.Professionaltraining.15.Theauthorismostlikelytoagree______A.manyBritishdiplomatslearnTabassaran.B.Hungarian’sgrammaticalcomplexitycausesproblemsfornativeBritishspeakers.C.TabassaranisthehardestlanguagetolearnintheworldfornativeEuropeanspeakers.D.learningadifferentwritingsystemisveryeasyforBritishspeakers.二、七選五Forestfiresburnthousandsofacresoflandeachyear.Theydestroyanimalandhumanhomes,killingmanycreaturesintheirpath.___16___Theymakeforestshealthierbyclearingoutdeadwood,makingroomfornewtrees.Theheatofafireisneededbysomeseedsbeforetheycanbegintogrow.But,goodorbad,forestfiresneedtobecontrolled.___17___Firefightersrelyonteamwork.Thisgroupoffirefighters,knownasahandcrew,willworktogetherwithabulldozer(推土機)andahelicopter.Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.Afirelineisapaththroughtheforeststrippedofallplants.Soildoesn’tburn,sothefirewon’tcrossthislineifthelineiswideenough.___18___Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath.Nextcometwoswampers,whoclearawaythewood.Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.Lastcomefirefighterswithshovelsandotherhandtools.___19___Tomakesurethefirewon’tjumptheline,abulldozerfollowsthehandcrew.Inonepass,thebulldozertriplesthewidthofthefireline.Thehandcrewfollowthebulldozertoremoveanyplantsleftbehind.___20___Ahugerubberbucketiscarriedbeneaththehelicopter.Withtheflickofaswitch,thepilotreleasesthebottomofthebucket,andwaterpourstotheground.A.Butsomeforestfiresalsodogood.B.Forestfiresdogreatharmtonature.C.Thehandcrewworkinalongline.D.Let’sseewhatitmeanstobeaforestfirefighter.E.Theworkoffirefightersishardaswellasdangerous.F.Ifthefirethreatenstojumptheline,thecrewcallinthehelicopter.G.Aseachfirefightertakesaswingattheground,thefirelinegetsbetter.三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。OnMondaymorningaround9:30a.m,28-year-oldBenDelahunty’shikingpartnerputinacalltoreportthathisfriendwas___21___underalargestoneintheareaofLakeVivianeinWashington.Hesaidhisfriend’swristwasstuckbythestoneanditwasalso___22___hislegs,buttheywerenotabletoimmediatelymovetheboulderasitwas___23___thesizeofarefrigerator.Theyinitiallyfeltreally___24___onthelargestone-butallofasuddenitstartedto___25___andheendedupunderneathit.Therescueproved___26___forofficials.Theywerenearlyonacliff(懸)sideandthestonewasalsobeingheldinplacebyatree.Thescenepresentedauniquechallengeofgetting___27___capableofmovingthestoneaswellasrescuersonthescene___28___.TheStateEmergencyManagementrequestedahelicoptertohelp.Additionally,localfiredepartmentswerealso___29___.Thecrewsimmediatelyfoundthisrescuehadmorechallenges.Theofficialsneededropestosafely___30___thehiker’slocationastherewasariskoffallingwhile___31___thestone.However,duetochallenging___32___conditions,includingheavywinds,thefirstattempttolifthimintothehelicopterwas___33___.At4:45p.m.therewasenoughofa___34___intheweathertoallowthemtoattemptanotheroperation.___35___,theyweresuccessfulandtransportedMr.Delahuntytothehospital.21.A.trapped B.discovered C.hurt D.murdered22.A.underneath B.beyond C.across D.behind23.A.completely B.approximately C.exactly D.merely24.A.natural B.stable C.dangerous D.comfortable25.A.disappear B.float C.crash D.slide26.A.stubborn B.regular C.tough D.impossible27.A.wind B.rope C.partner D.equipment28.A.intotal B.intime C.inorder D.inpublic29.A.contacted B.refused C.awarded D.rewarded30.A.record B.access C.observe D.check31.A.dealingwith B.leavingbehind C.packingup D.blowingaway32.A.land B.living C.health D.weather33.A.meaningful B.remarkable C.unsuccessful D.promising34.A.break B.hit C.sign D.delay35.A.Usually B.Instantly C.Finally D.Surprisingly第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）四、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Manypiecesofbeautifulpottery(陶器)werediscoveredinLuoyang,HenanProvince,___36___therewereafewtombsoftheTangDynasty,whenarailwaywasintheprocessofbeingconstructedin1899.Thepiecesofpotterywereeitherinyellow,greenandwhitecolors___37___inyellow,greenandbrowncolors.BecausetheywerefoundfromtombsoftheTangDynasty,theywerecalled“Tangtri-coloredglazedpottery”.TheproductionofglassypotteryinChina___38___(date)backtoancienttimes.Coloredglazewasusuallynotapplied___39___theheadofapotteryfigure.Afterthebasewasbaked,afewtouchesofChineseink___40___(paint)torepresenttheeyes,eyebrowsandbeard.Thefacialexpressionandinnerworldofasmallstatuewereportrayed(刻畫)most___41___(vivid).Thereareagreat___42___(various)ofTangtri-coloredglazedpotterypieces.Withuniqueshapes,theyhadtherichflavoroflife,___43___(cover)almosteveryfieldofliferelatedtothedead,frommodelsofarchitecturetoplates,bowlsandfromsmallstatuesoftheheavenlykingswith___44___badtempertothoseofbeautifulnobleladies.Theyshowedthe___45___(color)sociallifeandthesplendidcultureoftheTangDynasty.五、書面表達假如你是中學生李華，上周一，你們班舉行了一次地震知識演講比賽，請你根據(jù)你所學的知識寫一篇關于如何在地震中保護自身安全的演講稿。內容要點如下：1.在教室時怎樣做；2.在家時怎樣更安全；3.在街上時，要注意什么。注意：1.詞數(shù)80詞左右；2.開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：balcony(陽臺)WhattoDoDuringanEarthquake?Asweallknow,anearthquakeisakindofterribledisaster.Sowhatshouldwedowhenanearthquakecomes?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。ItwasonSeptember5th,mybirthday,thatweleftCambridgeandmovedaway.Wewenttotheseaside,toourholidayhouse,whichwasnowtobeourpermanenthome.Irememberthedaywascoldandgrey,infallingslowlybutconstantly.Myfatherdroveinsilence.NoonespokeandallwecouldhearwasthesoundofthetyresonthewetroadWhenwegottothesmallhousenearthesea,mymotherquietlystartedtounpackthefewthingswehadbroughtwithus.Carol,JulieandIwentdowntothebeach.Wesaidweweregoingtolookforcrabsintherockpoolsbutactually,wejustwantedtogetawayfromourfatherandhiscoldsilence.Weclimbedalongtherocksbythesideofthebeach.JulieandCarolbecameinterestedinsomeshellstheyfoundinoneofthepools.Iwanderedaway,lostinmyprivatethoughts.Itwasmybirthday,butnoonehadsaid“HappyBirthday”tome.Ihadnotreceivedanycardsorpresents.Iwalkeddowntotheseashore,wherethewaveswerebreakinglazilyagainstthemuddysand.Suddenly,Isawsomethinggreenstickingoutofthewater.Ilookedatitmorecarefully.Thegreenthingmovedcloserandclosertotheshore,andwhenitwasalmostnearenoughformetotouch,Irealizedwhatitwas.Itwasabottle.Iwentoverandpickeditup,allthetimelookingatit.Itseemedold,andhadnolabelonit.Then1realizedtherewassomethinginside.Slowly,Ipulledoutthewetcorkfromthetopofthebottle.Insidewasapieceofpaper.Withgreatcare,1tookoutthefoldedpaperandopenedit.Writtenonitwerethesewords:“Towhomsoeverfindsthisbottle,Ipromiseyouanewfriend.”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Paragraph1Istaredatthepaperandthenlookedaround.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2AsIopenedmyeyes,Ifoundmyfatherstandingrightbesideme.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了一個在線演講的具體信息。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inthisonlinetalk,RobinDunbarwillexplainhowourbrainscreatefriendshipsforus.(在這個在線演講中，羅賓·鄧巴將解釋我們的大腦如何為我們創(chuàng)造友誼)”可知，在線演講的主要內容是友誼的形成。故選B。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Aboutthespeaker部分的“Hehaspublished400sciencejournalarticles.Besides,hehascontributedtomanyradioandTVsciencedocumentaries,andhaswrittenadozenpopularsciencebooks.(他在科學期刊上發(fā)表了400篇文章。此外，他還為許多廣播和電視科學紀錄片做出了貢獻，并撰寫了十二本科普書籍)”可知，RobinDunbar已經取得的成就是他出版了十二本科普書。故選B。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)What’sincludedinyourticket部分的“Livelecturelasting60minutesincludingQ&AwithRobinDunbar(持續(xù)60分鐘的現(xiàn)場講座，包括與RobinDunbar的問答)”可知，提供給持票人60分鐘的現(xiàn)場講座。故選A?！敬鸢浮?.D5.C6.B7.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講了一場颶風哈維在德克薩斯州登陸，這場颶風引發(fā)了大范圍的洪水，導致很多人無家可歸，這樣的災難使得很多人團結起來，NFI玩家JJWatt建立了一個籌錢網站，普通人也積極參與幫助那些受災的人。4.詞義猜測題。災難的發(fā)生是令人痛苦的，但是該句“disastersliketheseseemedtounitepeople.”講的是災難使很多人團結，這里表達的是災難出現(xiàn)后好的一面，令人欣慰的一面，A.problem問題；B.opportunity機會；C.solution解決方法；D.comfort安慰，寬慰。故D選項正確。5.細節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段的“NFIplayerJJWattsetupawebsitewithagoaltoraise$200,000.Soonhehascollectedover$18million,andthedonationskeeppouringin.”可知，他本來打算籌集20萬美元，結果沒過多久數(shù)額就遠遠超過，而且捐獻的錢數(shù)還在不斷增長。所以說這場捐獻是出乎意料的，Disappointed失望的；B.Confused迷惑的；C.Unexpected意外的，出乎意料的；D.Dissatisfied不滿意。故C選項正確。6.細節(jié)理解題。由文中第四段的“JimMcIngvale,theownerofafurniturestore,turnedhistwo100,000-square-footwarehouseintoshelters.”可知，JimMcIngvale把倉庫變成了避難所，也就是給災民提供了住處。故B選項正確。7.推理判斷題。本文主要講了一場颶風哈維在德克薩斯州登陸，這場颶風引發(fā)了大范圍的洪水，導致很多人無家可歸，這樣的災難使得很多人團結起來，NFI玩家JJWatt建立了一個籌錢網站，普通人也積極參與幫助那些受災的人，作者旨在贊揚那些無私奉獻的人，他們無私奉獻的精神，A.Determination決定；B.Selflessness自私；C.Honesty誠實；D.Bravery勇敢。故B選項正確?！敬鸢浮?.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】這篇文章告訴我們每個人生來就是可以成功的，可以富裕的，那么區(qū)別到底在哪呢？在于你是否能夠讓成功的種子發(fā)芽。想成功，我們到底應該怎么做。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的Peoplewithlowself-confidencearepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyarealwaysvictims.Theyareleavestossed(搖擺)bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.可知不自信的人不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能夠為自己的生活做主。他們就像隨風搖擺的落葉。故選擇C，意為他們不能掌控自己。9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchance.可知，失敗者總是認為事情的發(fā)生都是偶然的。故選擇A，認為自己的失敗只是由于時運不濟。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidence可知，人們的思想和信念決定一切，走向成功需要對自己充滿期望和自信。故選擇B，意為我們的態(tài)度決定我們是否成功。11.主旨大意題。最后一段主要總結整篇文章的內容，即你對你的生活負責，要堅信這一點，這樣你就會走向成功。故選擇D，意為總結?！敬鸢浮?2.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了世界上哪一種語言最難學。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Peopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearetoomanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.(人們經常會問，哪一種語言最難學，因為要考慮的因素太多了，所以不容易回答)”可推知，世界上有太多的語言，所以很難說哪一種語言最難學。故選D。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinesebecausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage.(例如，以西班牙語為母語的人會發(fā)現(xiàn)比以漢語為母語的人更容易學習葡萄牙語，因為葡萄牙語與西班牙語非常相似，而漢語則截然不同，所以第一語言會影響第二語言的學習)”可知，以葡萄牙語為母語的人會覺得西班牙語更容易學，因為它也使用羅馬字母。故選C。14.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner’smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife.(教師和學習語言的circumstances以及每個學習者的學習動機也發(fā)揮著重要作用。如果人們學習一門語言是因為他們需要專業(yè)地使用它，他們通常比學習一門在日常生活中沒有直接使用的語言更快)”可知，老師和學習環(huán)境，還有每個學者的學習動機，在學語言中也扮演著重要作用。故畫線詞意思是“一個特別的境況和環(huán)境”。故選A。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Obviously,BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian,whichusesasimilaralphabettoEnglishbuthas35cases(formsofanounsaccordingtowhetheritissubject,object,genitive,etc).ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulty.(顯然，英國外交官和其他大使館工作人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二難的語言是日語，這對許多人來說可能并不奇怪，但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)問題最多的語言是匈牙利語，它使用與英語相似的字母表，但有35個格（名詞的形式取決于它是主語、賓語、屬格等）。這并不是說匈牙利語對每個人來說都是最難學的語言，但它讓一般習慣學習語言的英國外交人員最困難)”可推知，不是匈牙利語的書寫體系而是它的語法復雜性給本地英國學者帶來麻煩。故選B?！敬鸢浮?6.A17.D18.C19.G20.F【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了發(fā)生森林火災時，消防隊員的任務分工以及如何切斷火線滅火。16.根據(jù)上文“Forestfiresburnthousandsofacresoflandeachyear.Theydestroyanimalandhumanhomes,killingmanycreaturesintheirpath”（森林火災每年燒毀數(shù)千英畝的土地。它們摧毀了動物和人類的家園，殺死了沿途的許多生物）說明森林火災的壞處，以及下文“Theymakeforestshealthierbyclearingoutdeadwood,makingroomfornewtrees.Theheatofafireisneededbysomeseedsbeforetheycanbegintogrow”（它們清除枯木，為新樹騰出空間，使森林更加健康。一些種子在開始生長之前需要火的熱量）介紹的森林火災的好處，可知空格處應起到承上啟下的作用，A選項“Butsomeforestfiresalsodogood.”（但是一些森林火災也有好處）引出下文森林火災的好處。故選A。17.根據(jù)下文“Firefightersrelyonteamwork.Thisgroupoffirefighters,knownasahandcrew,willworktogetherwithabulldozer(推土機)andahelicopter.Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.”（消防員依靠團隊合作。這組消防員，被稱為徒手隊員，他們將與推土機和直升機一起工作。機組人員徒步進入樹林切斷一條火線。）可知，本段主要介紹森林消防員的工作機制。D選項“Let’sseewhatitmeanstobeaforestfirefighter.”（讓我們看看當森林消防員意味著什么）符合本段的主題，并且firefighters是原詞復現(xiàn)。故選D。18.根據(jù)本段第二句“Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath.”（第一批兩名工作人員用鏈鋸從小路上鋸下一大塊木頭）及第四句“Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.”（接下來排隊的消防隊員負責破土并砍掉剩下的植物。）可知，本段介紹森林消防員具體的工作場景，他們是排隊進行工作的。C選項“Thehandcrewworkinalongline.”（徒手工作人員排著長隊工作）符合語境。故選C。19.根據(jù)第二段“Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.”（機組人員徒步進入樹林切斷一條火線。）及本段“Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath..Nextcometwoswampers,whoclearawaythewood.Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.Lastcomefirefighterswithshovelsandotherhandtools.”（第一批兩名工作人員用鏈鋸從小路上鋸下一大塊木頭。接下來是兩個幫工，他們清理木頭。接下來排隊的消防隊員負責破土并砍掉剩下的植物。最后的消防隊員，他們用鏟子和其他手動工具）可知，本段詳細介紹了徒手隊員小組中每一個團隊成員的分工任務，并且他們的總任務是切斷火線。G選項“Aseachfirefightertakesaswingattheground,thefirelinegetsbetter.”（當每個消防員在地面上揮桿時，火線變得更好）符合前后介紹清理出一條火線的語境。故選G。20.根據(jù)下文“Ahugerubberbucketiscarriedbeneaththehelicopter.Withtheflickofaswitch,thepilotreleasesthebottomofthebucket,andwaterpourstotheground.”（一個巨大的橡膠桶被放在直升機下面。隨著一個開關的輕彈，飛行員釋放桶的底部，水就會傾瀉到地面）可知，飛行員所在機組在森林火災中也承擔一定的任務。F選項“Ifthefirethreatenstojumptheline,thecrewcallinthehelicopter.”（如果火勢有可能越過警戒線，機組人員將呼叫直升機）指出火勢越過警戒線時直升機將起作用，符合前后的語境，且thehelicopter是原詞復現(xiàn)。故選F?！敬鸢浮?1.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.C27.D28.B29.A30.B31.A32.D33.C34.A35.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了BenDelahunty在徒步旅行過程中被卡在一塊大石頭下以及被拯救的過程。21.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：周一上午9點半左右，28歲的本·德拉漢蒂(BenDelahunty)的徒步伙伴打電話報告說，他的朋友被困在華盛頓維維安湖地區(qū)的一塊大石頭下。A.trapped卡住；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.hurt受傷；D.murdered謀殺。根據(jù)“Hesaidhisfriend’swristwasstuckbythestone”可知，本·德拉漢蒂(BenDelahunty)被困在一塊大石頭下。故選A。22.考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他說，他朋友的手腕被石頭卡住了，石頭也夾在他的腿上，但他們無法立即移動巨石，因為它大約有冰箱那么大。A.underneath在……下面；B.beyond超出；C.across穿過；D.behind在……后面。根據(jù)“heendedupunderneathit”可知，石頭也夾在他的腿上。故選C。23.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.completely完全地；B.approximately大約；C.exactly準確地；D.merely僅僅。根據(jù)“thesizeofarefrigerator.”可知，巨石大約有冰箱那么大。故選B。24.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們一開始覺得在大石頭上很穩(wěn)定，但突然石頭開始滑動，他被壓在了石頭下面。A.natural自然的；B.stable穩(wěn)定的；C.dangerous危險的；D.comfortable舒服的。根據(jù)“butallofasuddenitstartedto______andheendedupunderneathit.”可知，他們一開始覺得在大石頭上很穩(wěn)定。故選B。25.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.disappear消失；B.float漂??；C.crash撞擊；D.slide滑動。根據(jù)“Theyinitiallyfeltreally______onthelargestone-but”可知，剛開始覺得石頭穩(wěn)定，突然石頭開始滑動。故選D。26.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實證明，營救對救援人員來說是艱難的。A.stubborn頑固的；B.regular有規(guī)律的；C.tough艱難的；D.impossible不可能的。根據(jù)“Theywerenearlyonacliff(懸)sideandthestonewasalsobeingheldinplacebyatree.”可知，營救難度很大。故選C。27.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)場面臨著一個獨特的挑戰(zhàn)，即及時獲得能夠移動石頭的設備和現(xiàn)場救援人員。A.wind風；B.rope繩索；C.partner伙伴；D.equipment裝備，設備。根據(jù)“capableofmovingthestone”和“TheStateEmergencyManagementrequestedahelicoptertohelp.”可知，需要及時獲得能夠移動石頭的設備。故選D。28.考查介詞短語辨析。句