畢業(yè)設計（論文）-花卉包裝機設計-花卉傳輸部分的設計

外文資料FundamentalsofMechanicalDesignThepresentsituationofpackagingmachineryinChina:ThepackagingoftheproductisanimportantpartofChina'sindustrialdevelopment,anditisanindispensableemergingindustryinthenationaleconomy.China'spackagingmachineryhasalowstartingpoint.Becauseofthedifferentnatureoftheenterprise,thereisadifferencebetweenthemoneyandequipmentbetweenenterprises,andthelevelofautomationisnotconsistent,andmostcompaniesareonthelowlevelequipment.Twentyyearsago,thefirsttimethatthepackagingmachinewasappliedtothepackagingmachinewasthefirsttimethataPLCwasappliedtothepackagingmachineautomationtechnology.Then,ascontrolanddrivetechnology,servotechnologyanddigitalideassteppedin,thepackagingmachinemarkethadundergonemanychanges.AtpresentChinahasbecometheworld'slargestcommodityproducerandexporter,globalattentionhasfocusedonthefastestgrowingandlargest,themostpromisingChinesepackagingmarket.Aftermorethan20yearsofdevelopment,thepackagingmachineryofChinahasbecomeoneofthetenindustriesinthemachineryindustry,whichprovidesaneffectiveguaranteefortherapiddevelopmentofpackagingindustryinChina.Butatpresent,China'spackagingmachineryexportsarelessthan5percentofthetotaloutputvalue,buttheimportamountisquitethesameasthetotaloutputvalue,farfromthedevelopedcountries.Thereisashortageofleadingenterprisesinthepackagingmachineryindustry,andtherearenotmanyenterpriseswithlargescaleandhighqualityproducts.Accordingtothefoodandpackagingmachineryindustryassociation,Chinanowhasmorethan3,600packaged-machinerymanufacturers,butonly20arenowworthmorethan100millionyuan.Therapiddevelopmentofpackagingproductsinourcountryneedstodrivethewholeofthevigorousdevelopmentofpackagingindustry,includingpackagingmachineryenterprisesarealsofacingaverygooddevelopmentopportunities,buttherearemanyfactorsrestrictthedevelopmentofpackagingmachineryindustry.TheproblemofautomaticpackagingmachineautomationinChina:TheautomaticpackagingmachineofChinaisstillbasicallyinthetestimitationstage,theself-developmentabilityisweak,lackthescientificresearchproductionthetestbase.Statisticsshowthatmorethan1300kindsofvarietiesofpackagingmachineryinourcountryonly,supportingsmall,lackofhighprecisionandlargescaleproduction,productcan'tmeetthedemandofmarket,productqualitygapintheproductperformanceislow,poorstabilityandreliability,notbeautifulappearancestyle,roughsurfacetreatment,poorqualityofmanycomponents,shortservicelife,lowreliability,affectthequalityofthewholeproduct.Despitethewideprospectofmarket,suchaslow-levelenterpriseonasmallerscale,productandpoorreliability,importdependence,serious,inadequatedevelopmentabilityislow,researchanddevelopment,lackofprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelandalsomakethedomesticpackagingmachineryproductstoridicule.1,accordingtotheenterpriseonasmallerscale,packingindustryisdevelopingrapidlyinChina,sofarthenationalpackagingmachineryproductionof533000setsofproductionvalueof130billionyuan.Therearemorethan9000packingmachineryenterprises,morethan550,000employees,morethan130scientificresearchinstitutesandcollegesanduniversities,over1,300varietiesofproducts.Thepackagingenterprisesaremany,theoutputismuch,theproductstructureisfragmentedandbecomesoneoftheimportantfactorsthatrestrictthedevelopmentofthepackagingmachineryindustryinChina.Thereareseriousduplicationproblemsinthepackagingmachineryindustry,andlowbarrierstoentryandinadequateregulationarethemaincausesofthisproblem.Becauseoflowstartingpoint,packagingmachineryenterprises"deficiency"andacrossdepartments,overallplanning,macroguidancedifficultproblems,intermsofinvestmentanddevelopmentofnewproductsisoftenacoax,lowlevelrepeateddisorderlycompetition.Inrecentyears,CarryoutGMP(medicinesandchemicalreagentsproducesspecificationsofquality)attestationsystembecauseofsustainedourcountryeconomicsituationriseandcountrytopharmacyindustrymandatory.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryhasgotquitegreatprogress.Thenewproductincreasesbygradually.Engineeringlevelhashadverybigimprovement.Butbereturningverybiggapsbacktoexistencecomparedwithinternationalstandards.Levelbeingcloseto60%'sproductcannottoreachupperdevelopedcountrycenturyeighties.Large-scaleadvancedequipmentisdependentonentrancemainly.Lowourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryengineeringlevelisthatthedesigndesigningpersonnellowlevelfromourcountryenterprisearousestoagreatextent.One,ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycurrentsituationanalysesOurcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerystillhasbiggergapcomparedwithadvancedinternationallevel.Whattimeisinsufficientondomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignundermainexistence1)Backwarddomesticmechanicalperformancemedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerymostly,accuracylowvelocity,isslow,stationaritydispatchespackagemachinerytravelprocesstocontainlargeamountofdyadiccomplicatedintermittencemotion.Cometocometruemainlyfromthecam,theconnectingrod.But,manydesignthatthepersonnelisunabletorequirethattheindependencedesignstheparametercalculatingcambarlinkagekinematicsanddynamicsaccordingtojobcyclepictureandaccuracy.Beonlythesurveyingandmappingcarryingoutapiecemealthattheabroadmodelmachinecamconnectingrodpartisdismantleddownsimplely.Bringaboutactuatingmechanismerrorisverybig.Thatdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrunsspeedmostlyismoregeneralthanhangingdownaccordingtocuttingfrequencyifthealuminiummouldsbubblecoverpacker'sfor100one300mins,full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeed50-200boxes/msin.But,ontheinternational,theadvancedaluminiummouldsrushingsteepingcoverpackercuttingfrequencybeabletoreach600mins.Full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeedisabletoreach600~800box/mins.Notonlyworkingspeedofdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisslow.And,thepartnerhasbiggernoise.2)Isunderthecontrolofhorizontalbackward.Domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycontrolslow,automationofleveldifferencemostly,themalfunctionleadsheight.(Mainpackagemachineryfingerboxdresscontrolsdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentswithdrinkingwineholdingmachinerywith)adoptPLCtodoascenemostly.But,advancedmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrealizessupervisorycontrolabroadmostlyfromcomputersystem.Underthecontrolofhorizontalrelativelybackward.Greatmajoritydomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryautomationsexisrelativelypoor.Adoptasingletoproduceapatternfirstcommonly.Thefull-automaticproductionlineisfew.Twoisthatfull-automationworkscannottoachieve.Requirethatthemanpowerfeedsinrawmaterial.Handmovementenchases.Ifinalittlepaperboxpacker,Page,paperboxallneedsmedicineboard,specificationspapertomovechargingpersonally.Andrequirespecially-assignedpersontopayattentiontoifspecifications,medicineboard,paperboxalreadyfinishusingatanytime.Happentoavoidbringingaboutmachineracingorbringingaboutincompletespecifications,medicineboard,andmedicineboxphenomenon.Other,domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemechanicfailureratesarehigher.Controlacomponent(iftherelay,electromagneticvalve,contactor,breakeretc.)etc.areofteneasytodamage.Haltalsotofrequentlyoccurthemalfunction.3)Functionsareunitary,expansionsexisbad.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisthattheformdesignsthatspecificallyforspeciallyappointedpackage.Thegeneralspecificationrangeinnerinregulationisadjustable.But,alotofourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconsidersinsufficiencywhendesigningthat.Benotthatreforminggoingastepfurthersetsapartsufficientspace.Causethemachinerydesigningthattobeabletoonlyadapttotheformboardinseveralkindssimplicities.Changenotadaptingtowrappingmaterialortheformboarddimension.Fitinwitheven.Thepackagefinishedproductmassgivingbirthtoachildisneithernice.4)Considersdeficiencysynthetically.Resourcedoesnotfullyutilize.Ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentsthereexiststhechaosphenomenoninpackagemachinerydesign.Alotofmachinerydesignsthatthepersonneldragstotheelectricmotormovingthesynchronytechnology,theservodrivetechnologydonotknows.Theproblemsimpleelectricalequipmentavailableisresolvedusescomplicatedmechanismtocometocometruebut.Somethoughthecontrolorganworkstocomehavingadoptthesynchronyelectricmotortowaitforadevice.Butchooseblockofwoodding-dang.Themaximumhavingbroughtaboutresourcenotonlywastesthiscondition.Andmakemachineryfunctiondesigningthatlow.5)Systemunderthecontrolofschemesdesign.Inmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinery,averyimportantpartisthatrealtimedetectingisback-offtoeveryorganization.Toensurethatequipmentoperationissmooth.Nowmanymachineryproductshasselectedandusedlargeamountofphotoelectricityswitchbeingthedetectingcomponent.EquipmenthassuchasPCdetectingbubblecoversystemonsomemachineryandthelikesystem.Thisneedalldesignsthatmeticulously.And,thegeneralnavalcompanyisanintegralwhole.Three,concludingremarksThethoughtaconceptisdesignedmeltstoentermedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignbeingabletofalloffdesigningafault.Shortenadesigncycle.Acceleratetheproductexploitation.Maketheproductdesigningthatmorerational,haveaffinity,moresuitableman-machineprojectmore.Itisalsothatthemainmeanscostingdownandimprovingenterprisecompetitionisshortofpassivecompetitionaspectbackwardforimprovingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignatthesametime.Toadapttothechallengethat"queenGMPtimes"bringsabout.Designthatthepersonnelmusttakeproductconceptualdesignseriously.Deepenthesignificanceunderstandingconceptualdesign's.中文譯文藥品包裝機械概念設計評述一、我國包裝機械的現(xiàn)狀：

產(chǎn)品的包裝是我國工業(yè)發(fā)展的重要組成部分，是國民經(jīng)濟中不可缺少的新興行業(yè)。我國包裝機械總體呈現(xiàn)低出發(fā)點趨勢。由于企業(yè)的性質不同，企業(yè)之間資金和設備存在區(qū)別，自動化水平也不一致，大多數(shù)企業(yè)在低水平設備上徘徊。

20年前，第一次應用在包裝機械產(chǎn)品的PLC開啟了包裝機械自動化技術的時代。之后，隨著控制與驅動技術、伺服技術及數(shù)字化理念的介入，包裝機械市場已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了多輪變革。目前中國已經(jīng)成為世界最大的商品生產(chǎn)和出口大國，全球的目光也聚焦在發(fā)展最快、規(guī)模最大、最具潛力的中國包裝市場。

經(jīng)過20多年的發(fā)展，我國包裝機械已成為機械工業(yè)中十大行業(yè)之一，為我國包裝工業(yè)快速發(fā)展提供了有效的保障。但目前，我國包裝機械出口額還不足總產(chǎn)值的5%，進口額卻與總產(chǎn)值大抵相當，與發(fā)達國家相去甚遠。包裝機械行業(yè)缺少龍頭企業(yè)，生產(chǎn)規(guī)模大、產(chǎn)品檔次高的企業(yè)不多。根據(jù)食品和包裝機械工業(yè)協(xié)會的統(tǒng)計，中國目前有包裝機械廠商3600多家，但產(chǎn)值及銷售額超過億元的現(xiàn)在只有20家。

我國包裝產(chǎn)品需求的突飛猛進帶動了整個包裝行業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，其中包裝機械企業(yè)也同樣面臨著非常好的發(fā)展機會，但是卻有諸多因素制約著包裝機械行業(yè)的發(fā)展。

二、國內包裝機械自動化存在的問題：

我國自動化包裝機械還基本停留在測試仿制階段，自行開發(fā)能力弱，缺少科研生產(chǎn)中試基地。統(tǒng)計顯示，我國包裝機械品種只有1300多種，配套數(shù)量少，缺少高精度和大型化產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，不能滿足市場需求：產(chǎn)品質量差距表現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品性能低，穩(wěn)定性和可靠性差、外觀造型不美觀、表面處理粗糙，許多元器件質量差，壽命短、可靠性低，影響了整體產(chǎn)品的質量。

盡管市場前景廣闊，但諸如企業(yè)規(guī)模較小、產(chǎn)品層次低和可靠性差、進口依賴嚴重、開發(fā)能力低下、研發(fā)投入不足、專業(yè)技術人才缺乏等問題也使國內包裝機械產(chǎn)品飽受詬病。

1.企業(yè)規(guī)模較小

統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國包裝工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，到目前為止全國包裝機械產(chǎn)量達

53.3

萬臺套，產(chǎn)值為

1300

億元。包裝機械企業(yè)有

9000

多家，從業(yè)人數(shù)55

萬以上，科研院所和高等院校130

余所，產(chǎn)品品種

1300

余種。包裝企業(yè)多，產(chǎn)量多，產(chǎn)品結構零散成為制約我國包裝機械行業(yè)發(fā)展的重要因素之一。包裝機械行業(yè)存在著嚴重的重復建設問題，進入門檻低和調控手段不夠是造成這個問題的主因。因包裝機械企業(yè)起點低、“先天不足”且跨部門，存在統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、宏觀指導難的問題，在投資和開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品方面往往一哄而起，出現(xiàn)低水平重復的無序競爭。2.落后的國內機械性能藥品包裝機械大多，精度低，速度慢，平穩(wěn)調度包裝機械行程過程中含有大量的二元復雜的間歇運動。主要由凸輪、連桿來實現(xiàn)。但是，許多設計人員不能根據(jù)工作周期圖和精度要求獨立設計參數(shù)計算凸輪連桿機構的運動學和動力學。只是進行逐點測繪，國外模型機的凸輪連桿零件拆下來簡單。導致執(zhí)行機構誤差很大。國產(chǎn)鋁塑包裝機械運行速度大多比截止頻率較低，如鋁泡罩封隔器的100分鐘300分，全自動藥盒包裝箱