2023年研究生類研究生入學(xué)考試專業(yè)課中國(guó)科學(xué)院碩士英語(yǔ)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年研究生類研究生入學(xué)考試專業(yè)課中國(guó)科學(xué)院碩士英語(yǔ)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Afriendis,______,asecondself.A.asitisB.asitwereC.aswellasD.asthough2.Weareapeacefulcommunitybutwecannot______andallowthepeopleresponsibletodestroythefabricofoursociety.A.startupB.startoffC.standbyD.stickout3.______Mr.Halladmitsthathepushedtoohard,andultimatelyhiseffortsfailed.A.InessenceB.InduecourseC.onaverageD.Inretrospect4.Nearly1,000peoplearepresumeddeadaschances______offindingmoresurvivorsfromthesunkenEgyptianferry.A.bubbleB.dwindleC.swayD.shiver5.Heplansto______onhandsurgeryuntilSeptemberinhopesofwinninghisfirstgoldmedalintheBeijingOlympics.A.holdforthB.holdoutC.holdoffD.holddown6.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson'spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe______Singaporepension.A.equivalentB.similarC.consistentD.identical7.Inaglobaleconomythathasproducedmoredramaticupsanddownsthananyonethoughtpossible,Asiamaybe______anotherdishearteningplunge.A.takinginB.headingforC.longingforD.spreadingout8.Joeputstoomuch______onpillsfromthedrugstoreanddoesnotlistentohisdoctor.A.applianceB.defianceC.relianceD.compliance9.Theorgantransplantcommunityhas______humansandmonkeysforethicalreasons.A.knockedoutB.bailedoutC.pointedoutD.ruledout10.I'mfarfromcertainthatthisgroupisgoingtobeableto______whatisnecessarytogaincompletecontrol.A.carryoutB.teardownC.breakoutD.closedown11.Beingcolour-blind,Sallycan'tmakea______betweenredandgreen.A.differenceB.distinctionC.comparisonD.division12.NewZealanderscolloquiallyrefertothemselvesas"Kiwis",______thecountry'snativebird.A.forB.byC.withD.after13.Thestepwasannouncedbythesecretaryofstateinpersonandgivenmaximum______.A.publicationB.publicityC.propagandaD.promotion14.Theydriftedonthelake,fishingandcatchingshrimpto______.A.getbyB.getoverC.getalongD.getacross15.Ifcostscontinueto______,thestatewillnotbeabletoaffordthisschemeforlong,anditwillbecomeunpopular.A.soarB.shootC.swingD.settle16.Ifsomebodyis______,heisgivenamedalorotherhonorasanofficialrewardforwhathehasdone.A.confirmedB.decoratedC.appreciatedD.nominated17.Weseekasocietythathasatits______arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.A.endB.handC.coreD.best18.AtthemomenteverycultureinBritainhasasimilarphilosophyasfarassize______;ifyouwanttolookgoodandbedesirable,you'vegottobethin.A.showsB.statesC.saysD.goes19.Between1981and1987,thenumberofpermanentjobshadincreasedbyonly1,000,althoughtraininghasbeensubstantially______bythecorporation.A.boostedB.curtailedC.plungedD.expended20.Becauseof______reviews,theproducerannouncedthattheplaywillclosewithtonight'sperformance.A.adjacentB.adequateC.adhesiveD.adverse21.Ithappenedinaflash,although______everythingseemedtooccurinslowmotion,asthoughIwerewatchingfromanotherplanet.A.inreturnB.inpracticeC.inrealityD.inretrospect22.Onthewholeit'sagoodbook;anditwouldbeunwiseto______thosesmalldefects.A.dwellonB.identifywithC.persistinD.hackinto23.Becausetheworkerswerenewandinexperienced,themanagerhadtowatchthemand______theirworkclosely.A.attendB.demandC.analyzeD.supervise24.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits______life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.A.significanceinB.imaginationatC.resemblancetoD.predominanceover25.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbe______controlledandmodified.A.deliberatelyB.consequentlyC.originallyD.absolutely26.Editorsdothinkexplicitlyabouttimingandtheyarenotmotivatedmerelytobethefirsttoprintanexcitingnewsstory:theykeepstoriesuntilthetimeis______.A.promptB.ripeC.enoughD.punctual27.Evenifsheisresponsibleforthemistake,sheisnotlikelyto______it.A.ownuptoB.liveuptoC.holdontoD.getdownto28.Inthe1970s,hebecameatirelesspromoterforthedrugasacurefordepression—whichheoncesufferedfrom—andother______.A.ailmentsB.therapiesC.tollsD.addictions29.Heplansto______onhandsurgeryuntilSeptemberinhopesofwinninghisfirstgoldmedalintheBeijingOlympics.A.holdforthB.holdoutC.holdoffD.holddown30.The______inoursoapsshouldcomeonlyfromessentialoils,whicharesteamedorpressedfromplants.A.scentsB.scenariosC.scenesD.scales31.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof______archaeologicalresearch.A.legibleB.legitimateC.legislativeD.illicit32.MosheKatzma,24,deniedany______withthebeatinggiventothehomelessman,whowasfoundoutsideaNationalHeadquartersoffice.A.involvementB.admissionC.isolationD.access33.______hisseemingrebellionagainstmiddle-classvalues,heremainsessentiallymiddle-class.A.InsteadofB.AsforC.ForallD.Butfor34.HereceivedtheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences'1983CrafoordPrize,establishedtohonorfieldsnot______fortheNobelPrize.A.advisableB.noticeableC.eligibleD.favorable35.Goodleadershiprequiresyoutosurroundyourselfwithpeopleof______perspectiveswhocandisagreewithyouwithoutfeatofrevenge.A.cynicalB.diverseC.dominantD.indifferent36.Languagemaybe______ofasaprocesswhicharisesfromsocialinteraction.A.comprisedB.conceivedC.disposedD.deprived37.Anythingthatisoverdonemaybringunwantedresults.AddictiontotheInternetisofnoexception.Discusstheharmfuleffectsonaperson'slifewhenhe/sheisindulgedintheInternet.38.Themost______exampleofwaterpollutionoccurredin1969,whentheCuyahogaRiverinOhiocaughtfireandhelpedshockAmericaintoadoptingtheCleanWaterAct.A.concreteB.preciseC.positiveD.notorious39.Thechairmanofthecompanysaidthatnewtechniqueshad______improvedtheirproductionefficiency.A.violentlyB.severelyC.extremelyD.radically40.Older,lessdogmatictheoriesbetterexplainedhowtheproblemsinthefinancial______draggeddowntherestoftheeconomy.A.charterB.sessionC.chapelD.sector41.Truemodestydoesnot______anignoranceofourmerits,butinadueestimateofit.A.countinB.fallinC.consistinD.reinin42.Weshouldmakeaclear______between"competent"and"proficient"forthepurposesofourdiscussion.A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference43.Myfatherwasanuclearengineer,averyacademically______manwithmultipledegreesfromprestigiousinstitutions.A.promotedB.activatedC.orientedD.functioned44.Thewidowedoldwomanwassolonelythatshewouldtalk______tothestrangersinthesupermarketsaboutherpets.A.atbestB.atlengthC.inbulkD.ineffect45.Theimageofanunfortunateresidenthavingtoclimb20flightsofstairsbecausetheliftis______isnowacommonone.A.outofthewayB.onorderC.outoforderD.innoway46.Thisprojectwould______ahugeincreaseindefensespending.A.resultB.assureC.entailD.accomplish47.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa______symbolamonguniversityprofessors.A.postB.statusC.positionD.place48.WhenIwashavingdinnerwithyouandEdwardathisapartment,Isensedacertain______betweenthetwoofyou.A.intimacyB.proximityC.discrepancyD.diversity49.Whileacountry'seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore______abouttheirqualityoflife.A.discriminatingB.distributingC.disagreeingD.disclosing50.Sciencesuggeststhatthegreaterpartofanoptimisticoutlookcanbe______withtherightinstruction.A.acquiredB.imposedC.tracedD.fabricated第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：B[解析]A項(xiàng)。“asitis”意為“實(shí)際上”；B項(xiàng)，“asitwere”意為“可以說(shuō)，在某種程度上”；c項(xiàng)，“aswellas”意為“和……一樣(程度)，除……之外(也)，和”；D項(xiàng)，“asthough”意為“好像，仿佛”，由句意可知，“某種程度而言，朋友是另一個(gè)自我”，因此選擇B。2.參考答案：C[解析]C選項(xiàng)：standby的意思為“袖手旁觀，支持”，如：Therewereseveralpeoplestandingbywhentheaccidenthappened．(事故發(fā)生的時(shí)候有好幾個(gè)人在場(chǎng)。)句意：我們的社會(huì)愛(ài)好和平，但我們不能袖手旁觀，縱容那些破壞我們社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的人。故選C。

其他三項(xiàng)意思分別是：startup開(kāi)始，開(kāi)始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；startoff迅速跑開(kāi)，以……開(kāi)始；stickout堅(jiān)持，伸出來(lái)，突出，豎起。3.參考答案：D[解析]A項(xiàng)“inessence”意為“本質(zhì)上；大體上；其實(shí)”；B項(xiàng)“induecourse”意為“在今后適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”；C項(xiàng)“onaverage”意為“平均來(lái)說(shuō)”；D項(xiàng)“inretrospect”意為“回想起來(lái)，回顧往事”。本句是說(shuō)霍爾先生現(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)，因此選擇D。4.參考答案：B[解析]根據(jù)句中“尋找生還者的機(jī)會(huì)變得越來(lái)越小”可知，只有B項(xiàng)符合題意。dwindle意為“減少，縮小”；因此本題選B。5.參考答案：C[解析]根據(jù)句意“推遲手術(shù)”可知，本題只有C項(xiàng)holdoff“推遲，拖延；阻止，抵擋住”符合題意。因此本題選C。6.參考答案：A7.參考答案：B[解析]A項(xiàng)“takingin”意為“吸引；領(lǐng)會(huì)；包括”；B項(xiàng)“headingfor”意為“朝……進(jìn)發(fā)，奔，走向”；C項(xiàng)“l(fā)ongingfor”意為“渴望；羨慕；憧憬”；D項(xiàng)“spreadingout，”意為“伸展，延長(zhǎng)；分散”。本句是說(shuō)亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)可能會(huì)走向暴跌，因此選擇B。8.參考答案：C9.參考答案：D10.參考答案：A11.參考答案：B[解析]make/drawadistinctionbetween是固定搭配，表示“對(duì)……加以區(qū)別”，為正確答案。而makeadifferencebetween(區(qū)別對(duì)待)和makeacomparisonbetween(把……加以比較)均不符合題意。12.參考答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義辨析。句意為：在有了國(guó)鳥(niǎo)之后，新西蘭人通俗地稱自己為“Kiwi”。A：為，為了，因?yàn)?，給，對(duì)于，至于，適合于；B：通過(guò)，被，依據(jù)，經(jīng)由，在附近，在……之前；C：用，隨著，支持，和……在一起；D：后來(lái)，以后。分析句意，可知本題選D。13.參考答案：B14.參考答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)“getby”意為“通過(guò)；設(shè)法；繼續(xù)存在”；B項(xiàng)“getover”意為“克服；使渡過(guò)；走完”；C項(xiàng)“getalong”意為“相處，進(jìn)展；前進(jìn)”；D項(xiàng)“getacross”意為“使被理解，被接受”。本句是說(shuō)他們通過(guò)打魚(yú)捕蝦為生，因此選擇A。15.參考答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)“soar”意為“猛增，劇增”；B項(xiàng)“shoot”意為“射中”；C項(xiàng)“swing”意為“搖擺，擺動(dòng)”；D項(xiàng)“settle”意為“安頓，使安居；確立(制度等)”。本句是說(shuō)成本繼續(xù)猛增，因此選擇A。16.參考答案：B17.參考答案：C18.參考答案：A[解析]asfaras…goes為固定搭配，意為“就……來(lái)說(shuō)，拿……來(lái)看”。故選D。19.參考答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)，“boost”意為“促進(jìn)，提高”；B項(xiàng)，“curtail”意為“剪短，截短”；C項(xiàng)，“plunge”意為“把……投入，使突然陷入”；D項(xiàng)，“expend”意為“花費(fèi)，花銷”，由句意可知，公司的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目得到了顯著的提高，因此選擇A。20.參考答案：D21.參考答案：D[解析]句子的大意為：當(dāng)時(shí)事情很快發(fā)生了，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)一切好像發(fā)生得都很慢，如同我是在外星看一樣。A項(xiàng)inreturn“作為回報(bào)，作為報(bào)答”；B項(xiàng)inpractice“實(shí)際上，在實(shí)踐中”；C項(xiàng)inreality“實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上”；D項(xiàng)inretrospect“回顧，一想起”。所以D項(xiàng)符合題意。22.參考答案：A23.參考答案：D24.參考答案：C25.參考答案：A26.參考答案：B27.參考答案：A28.參考答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)“ailments”意為“疾病，病痛”；B項(xiàng)“therapies”意為“療法，治療”；C項(xiàng)“tolls”意為“(事故等)傷亡人數(shù)”；D項(xiàng)“addictions”意為“入迷，嗜好”。本句是說(shuō)治療其他疾病，因此選擇A。29.參考答案：C30.參考答案：A[解析]B項(xiàng)意為“情節(jié)，事態(tài)”；C項(xiàng)意為“場(chǎng)面，事件，布景”；D項(xiàng)意為“規(guī)模，比率，刻度”。這三項(xiàng)用在題中均不成立。A項(xiàng)意為“香味，氣味”，與句意相符。31.參考答案：B32.參考答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)意為“牽連，參與”；B項(xiàng)意為“承認(rèn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“隔離，孤立，脫離”；D項(xiàng)意為“接近，進(jìn)入”，involvementwith為固定搭配，意為“參與，加入，插手”。符合本句要表達(dá)的意思“否認(rèn)參與……/否認(rèn)與……有任何牽連”。33.參考答案：C[解析]A項(xiàng)“insteadof”意為“代替；而不是”；B項(xiàng)“asfor”意為“至于，關(guān)于”；C項(xiàng)“forall”意為“盡管，雖然”；D項(xiàng)“butfor”意為“要不是”。本句是說(shuō)盡管他反對(duì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的價(jià)值觀，因此選擇C。34.參考答案：C[解析]句子的大意為：他獲得了瑞典皇家科學(xué)院于1983年頒發(fā)的克拉夫獎(jiǎng)，該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)用于表彰諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)以外的領(lǐng)域。A項(xiàng)advisable“可取的，明智的”；B項(xiàng)noticeable“顯著的，明顯的”；C項(xiàng)eligible“合格的，有資格當(dāng)選的”；D項(xiàng)favorable“贊成的，有利的”。所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。35.參考答案：B[解析]本題考查詞義辨析。句意為：好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力要求你能夠使自己融入持有不同觀點(diǎn)的人群中，并且他們對(duì)你沒(méi)有報(bào)復(fù)的行為。A：憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的；B：不同的，多種多樣的，變化多的；C：顯性的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，支配的，統(tǒng)治的；D：漠不關(guān)心的，無(wú)關(guān)緊要的，中性的，中立的。因此，本題選B。36