2019外研社版高中英語必修一Unit 4 Friends forever 知識清單(教師版)

閱讀單詞認(rèn)讀digitaladj.數(shù)字的,數(shù)碼的siten.網(wǎng)站bathwatern.浴水,洗澡水goodsn.商品diagramn.圖解,示意圖potn.鍋gramn.克packn.小盒,小包slicen.片,薄片scarn.傷疤destinyn.命運,天命correspondv.通信excerptn.摘錄,節(jié)錄cigarn.雪茄煙重點單詞識記foreveradv.永遠familiaradj.熟悉的maintainv.保持,維持clickv.點擊(鼠標(biāo))updaten.最新消息sayingn.格言,諺語,警句acquirev.獲得,得到teenagern.青少年,十幾歲的孩子(13到19歲之間的孩子)pourv.灌,注,倒qualityn.素質(zhì),品德postponev.使(事件、行動等)延期,推遲ordinaryadj.普通的,平常的dragv.拖,拉partnern.伙伴,搭檔strikev.劃(火柴)plainadj.簡單的,樸素的scenen.場景personalityn.個性,性格atmospheren.氣氛,氛圍,環(huán)境核心詞匯拓展adventuren.歷險(經(jīng)歷),奇遇→adventurousadj.愛冒險的;大膽的;充滿危險的preferv.更喜歡→preferencen.偏愛;優(yōu)先權(quán)deliverv.遞送,傳送→deliveryn.傳遞,遞送advancen.進步;進展vi.前進;取得進展→advancedadj.先進的;高級的significantlyadv.重大地;顯著地→significantadj.重大的;顯著的→significancen.意義;重要性enablev.使可能,使發(fā)生→ableadj.能干的;有能力的→abilityn.能力→unableadj.不能的;沒有能力的unusualadj.異常的,不平常的→usualadj.尋常的tendv.易于做某事,往往會發(fā)生某事→tendencyn.趨勢;趨向criminaln.罪犯adj.犯罪的→crimen.犯罪;罪行provev.證明,證實→proofn.證明;證據(jù)illustratev.(舉例)說明,闡明→illustrationn.說明;例證;圖解inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的;使人振奮的→inspirevt.鼓舞;激勵;啟發(fā)思考→inspiredadj.受啟發(fā)的;受鼓舞的→inspirationn.靈感;啟發(fā)comfortn.安慰,慰藉vt.安慰;撫慰→comfortableadj.舒適的,舒服的→uncomfortableadj.不舒服的patiencen.耐心→patientadj.耐心的n.病人→patientlyadv.耐心地→impatientlyadv.沒有耐心地passionn.強烈的情感,激情→passionateadj.熱誠的;狂熱的humourn.幽默感→humorousadj.幽默的anxiousadj.焦慮的,不安的→anxiouslyadv.焦慮地,不安地→anxietyn.焦慮,不安distancev.使與……保持距離,撇清和……的關(guān)系n.距離→distantadj.遙遠的;疏遠的;心不在焉的fortunen.大筆的錢;運氣;幸運→fortunateadj.幸運的→fortunatelyadv.幸運地→unfortunateadj.不幸的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地appointedadj.約定的,指定的→appointv.約定;任命→appointmentn.約會;任命bitterlyadv.痛苦地,憤恨地→bitteradj.苦的;憤憤不平的→bitternessn.苦難;苦味ashamedadj.感到不好意思的,難為情的→shamen.羞恥,羞愧,憾事→shamefuladj.可恥的,不體面的→shamelessadj.不知羞恥的unfoldv.(卷著的東西)展開,打開→foldv.折疊;合攏locationn.地點,位置→locatev.位于;確定……的位置→locatedadj.位于;坐落在surroundingsn.周圍的事物,環(huán)境→surroundvt.包圍;圍繞→surroundingadj.周圍的;附近的核心短語速記losetrackof不了解……的情況,不了解……的動態(tài)thanksto幸虧;多虧了;歸功于socialmedia社交媒體throwthebabyoutwiththebathwater不分良莠一起拋棄makeone’sfortune發(fā)財oughtto應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)turnup出現(xiàn),露面stayintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系beupto勝任;取決于;忙于keep...inmind將……記住workout解決;消耗完;鍛煉allergicadj.過敏的alphabetn.字母表alternativeadj.可選擇的n.可供選擇的事物altituden.高地;高度altogetheradv.總共amateuradj.業(yè)余的;外行的n.業(yè)余選手amazingadj.令人驚訝的ambitionn.野心;壯志ambulancen.救護車amusementn.娛樂analyzevt.分析analysisn.分析(pl.analyses)Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?(Whatif...“要是……會怎么樣/怎么辦？”)要是獲知遠方朋友消息的唯一方式是寫信,而信件會花很長時間郵寄,那會怎么樣呢？Whateverourhobbies,theInternetcanconnectuswithotherswhoalsoenjoydoingthem,eveniftheyliveontheothersideoftheworld.(whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)不管我們的愛好是什么,我們都能在網(wǎng)上結(jié)識同好,哪怕他們生活在世界的另一端。Butweneedtokeepinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.(what引導(dǎo)主語從句)但是我們要牢記：我們在社交媒體上看到的信息往往不是一個人的全部真實情況。Thismakesitcleartotheotherpersonthatyouaregivingthemachoice.(make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句)這讓對方明白你是在給他們一個選擇。Wefiguredthatintwentyyearseachofusoughttohaveourdestinyworkedoutandourfortunesmade,whatevertheyweregoingtobe.(have＋賓語＋賓補)我們認(rèn)為,不管要做什么,二十年的時間里,我們每個人都應(yīng)該已經(jīng)有了自己的命運和財富。Icameathousandmilestostandinthisdoortonight,andit’sworthitifmyoldpartnerturnsup.(beworth)今晚,我從千里之外趕來站在這扇門前,只要我的老朋友出現(xiàn),這一切就都是值得的。請先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文,然后核對答案并背誦該短文。advance,pour,thanksto,comfort,inspiring,anxiousFriendshipisaveryimportantpartofhumanlife.Friendshipcontainsencouragementand1.comfort,friendshipreflectsgenerosityandpassion,andfriendshiphelpstorelieve2.anxietyandbitterness.Inourlife,3.thankstoourfriends,wecanmake4.advancesandeventuallyacquiregreatsuccess.Wheneverweareintrouble,itisfriendsthatwecanturntoforhelp.Andwhateverhappens,itisthe5.inspiringwordsfromfriendsthatencourageustoadvancetowardsourgoal.Friendshipislikeabowlofdelicioussoupthatwealllike.Buttoimprovethequalityoffriendship,wealsohaveto6.pourinafewgramsof“smiles”,addapackof“similarinterests”,andfinallyputinasliceof“humour”.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯familiaradj.熟悉的;常見的;親近的(unfamiliaradj.不熟悉的)(sb)be/getfamiliarwith(sth)熟悉……;與……熟悉起來(sth)befamiliarto(sb)為……所熟悉Noneofushaseverbeenthere,sothelocalcustomsarenotsofamiliartomeandmypartners.讓我感到高興的是“中國—愛爾蘭文化節(jié)”幫助我熟悉了你們的國家。(2022·浙江1月,應(yīng)用文寫作)IwashappythatChina-IrelandCulturalFestivalhelpedmebecomefamiliarwithyourcountry.preferv.(preferred;preferred;preferring)更喜歡;選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)(preferencen.偏愛;優(yōu)先權(quán);偏愛的事物)prefertodo/doing...更喜歡做……prefersbtodo...更喜歡讓某人做……prefer(doing)Ato(doing)B與(做)B相比更喜歡(做)A“寧愿做A而不愿做B”的常用表達有：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(prefertodoArather,thandoB,wouldratherdoA,thandoB,woulddoArather,thandoB))have/show(a)preferencefor...偏愛……Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostay(stay)longerandspend.Ateachershouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneofhispupilsbutmaintainfairness.中學(xué)生們寧愿待在家里看電視而不愿參加戶外活動。(應(yīng)用文寫作之議論文)MiddleschoolstudentsprefertostayathomewatchingTVratherthantakepartinoutdooractivities.(prefertodo...ratherthando...)MiddleschoolstudentspreferstayingathomewatchingTVtotakingpartinoutdooractivities.(prefer...to...)MiddleschoolstudentswouldstayathomewatchingTVratherthantakepartinoutdooractivities.(woulddo...ratherthando...)MiddleschoolstudentswouldratherstayathomewatchingTVthantakepartinoutdooractivities.(wouldratherdo...thando...)advancev.促進;前進;提前n.前進;進步(advancedadj.先進的;高級的;高深的)advanceon/towardssb/sth向某人/物前進inadvance(＝aheadoftime)預(yù)先;事先inadvanceof(時間上)提前于……任何想要參加高級文學(xué)課程的人必須提前報名。Anyonewhowantstotaketheadvancedliteraturecoursemustsignupforitinadvance/aheadoftime.在我的鼓勵下,大衛(wèi)站了起來,向起跑線走去。(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ,讀后續(xù)寫)Withmyencouragement,Davidstoodupandadvancedon/towardsthestartingline.為了取得好成績,你最好提前準(zhǔn)備。(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請信)Togetagoodresult,youhadbetterprepareforitinadvance.anxiousadj.憂慮的;不安的;渴望的(anxietyn.擔(dān)心;焦慮;渴望anxiouslyadv.焦慮地)beanxiousabout擔(dān)心……beanxiousfor擔(dān)心……;渴望得到……beanxioustodo/that...渴望做……,非常希望做……withanxiety(＝anxiouslyadv.)焦急地Thecouplearewaitingfortheirdaughter’sreplywithanxiety(anxious).—Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxiousabouthisjobinterview.—Lackofself-confidenceishisAchilles’heel,Iamafraid.我們真的很關(guān)心,也很想知道你的最新情況。(2020·浙江,應(yīng)用文寫作)Wearereallyconcernedandanxioustolearnaboutyourupdates.fortunen.機會;運氣;大筆的錢;財富;命運(fortunateadj.幸運的;僥幸的fortunatelyadv.幸運地unfortunatelyadv.不幸地)seek/tryone’sfortune找出路;碰運氣makeafortune發(fā)財;賺錢havethegoodfortunetodosth有幸做某事befortunatetodosth/indoingsth有幸做某事HewenttoAmericatoseekhisfortuneandimaginedhewouldbeveryfortunate,butunfortunately,hecouldn’tevenmakeendsmeet.(fortune)我有幸得到一次沿絲綢之路旅行的寶貴機會。Iamfortunatetoget/ingettingapreciousopportunitytotravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortunate)IhavethegoodfortunetogetapreciousopportunitytotravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortune)strikevi.&vt.(struck;struck/stricken)擊打;罷工;(時鐘等)敲響;擦(火柴);撞擊;侵襲;打動;突然想起n.罷工;襲擊(strikingadj.顯著的;突出的;引人注目的)bestruckwith/by被……所襲擊(打動)sthstrike(s)sb某人想到……Itstrikessbthat...某人突然想起……(＝Itoccursto/hitssbthat...)onstrike在罷工Therewasatimewhenmanyworkerswereonstrikeforhigherwages,buttheyoftenendedupfailing.被他為我所做的事情所感動,我不能自已,感激的淚水順著臉頰流下來。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)BecauseIwasstruckbywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn’tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitudeflowingdownmycheeks.Struckbywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn’tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitudeflowingdownmycheeks.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)John突然想起,他們可以利用社交媒體幫助Bernard出售爆米花。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ,讀后續(xù)寫)Itstruck/occurredto/hitJohnthattheycouldusesocialmediatohelpBernardsellhispopcorn.ashamedadj.感到慚愧或羞恥的,難為情的(shamen.羞恥;羞愧;憾事shamefuladj.可恥的;丟臉的;不體面的shamelessadj.無恥的;沒廉恥的)be/feelashamedof...為……感到羞愧beashamedtodo...恥于做……;因做……而羞愧It’sashamethat...……是令人遺憾的事。Onlythosewhohavenosenseofshamecandosuchshameful/shamelessthings.(shame)Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.(2020·全國Ⅰ)ItisashamethatIcouldn’tarriveattheappointedtime.我是如此羞愧,以致我感覺心如刀絞,淚水模糊了我的雙眼。(讀后續(xù)寫之羞愧描寫)IwassoashamedthatIfeltasifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart,tearscloudingmyeyes.(運用so...that句型)SoashamedwasIthatIfeltasifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart,tearscloudingmyeyes.(運用so...that句型的倒裝形式)turnup出現(xiàn),露面;卷起,豎起;開大(音量)turndown拒絕;調(diào)小turnout結(jié)果是;生產(chǎn);制造turnto求助;翻到;查閱turnin上交用turn短語的正確形式填空：ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhenIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.Mypatientdidn’tturnupattheappointedtime;thatis,shebrokeanappointment.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,don’thesitatetoturntomeforadvice.我很抱歉拒絕本周末和你一起外出的邀請,因為我剛被告知我有一個很重要的會議要參加。(2021·北京,書面表達)I’msorrytoturndowntheinvitationtogooutwithyouthisweekend,becauseIhavejustbeeninformedthatI’llhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.Whatif...Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?要是獲知遠方朋友消息的唯一方式是寫信,而信件會花很長時間郵寄,那會怎么樣呢？Whatif...?意為“要是……會怎么樣,如果……將會怎樣”,可以看作“Whatwillhappenif...?”的省略形式。What/Howabout...?……怎么樣？What(...)for?為什么？/(……)是干什么用的？Sowhat?那又怎么樣？Jeff小聲說道：“為媽媽準(zhǔn)備一頓美味的早餐怎么樣？要是我們失敗了怎么辦呀？”Jenna雙眼興奮地閃閃發(fā)光,回答說：“那又怎么樣？至少我們竭盡全力為母親做點事情了?！?2021·新高考全國Ⅰ,讀后續(xù)寫)Jeffwhispered,“What/Howaboutpreparingatastybreakfastforourmother？Whatifwefail？”Jennarespondedwithhereyesglitteringwithexcitement,“Sowhat？Atleastwehavesparednoefforttodosomethingforourmother.”make＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋that從句Thismakesitcleartotheotherpersonthatyouaregivingthemachoice.這讓對方明白你是在給他們一個選擇。此句型中it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的從句,類似句型還有：make＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋不定式make＋it＋useless/nouse/nogood...＋doingsth常用于這種句型的動詞有：consider,think,feel,find等。Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthenewsurroundingsthere.要想提高你的寫作水平,你最好把每天寫日記當(dāng)成習(xí)慣。(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)Toimproveyourwriting,you’dbettermakeitaruletokeepadiaryeveryday.我認(rèn)為讀一些經(jīng)典小說來擴大我們的知識面對我們學(xué)生來說是有用的。Ithinkitusefulforusstudentstoreadsomeclassicnovelstowidenourknowledge.(thinkit＋adj.＋todo)Ithinkitusefulthatwestudentsshouldreadsomeclassicnovelstowidenourknowledge.(thinkit＋adj.＋that...)我認(rèn)為抱怨沒用,相反,我應(yīng)該立即行動起來。Ifeelitnousecomplaining;instead,Ishouldtakeactionimmediately.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.作為學(xué)校的一名特殊教育教師,我熟知大衛(wèi)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn),并為他堅定的決心而感到自豪。(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.雖然在上山的路上,這是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整個冒險,并且提供了一個你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)It’saffordable,andit’sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.這里物美價廉、有趣安靜。(2021·天津第一次筆試)FamilyAllianceislookingforpeoplewhocandeliverhotChinesemealsonetotwotimesaweekforpeoplewithdisabilitiesinnorthsuburbanFairfieldCounty.FamilyAlliance正在尋找每周能在北部郊區(qū)的費爾菲爾德縣為殘障人士運送一到兩次熱的中餐的人。(2020·全國Ⅰ)WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.雖然我通常買很多書,但這三本書都是作為禮物送給我的,這可能會增加我賦予它們的意義。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙deliverA.遞送B.生(小孩兒)C.發(fā)表(演說等)Theprincesshasbeendeliveredofahealthybabyboy.BAsastudentrepresentative,Iamgreatlyhonoredtodeliveraspeechhere.CHisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegardenanddeliveringnewspapers.AstrikeA.v.(雷電、暴風(fēng)雨等)襲擊B.v.擊；打C.v.報時D.v.打動E.v.突然想到F.n.罷工Theworkerswentonstrikeforapayrise.FIheardtheclockstrikingeightwhenIwokeupthismorning.CIwasstruckbyhisinspiringwords,andIdecidedtocooperatewithhim.DItstruckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.EWhenadisasterstrikes,youmightfindyourselfwithoutwater,gasandelectricity.AItgavemeashockthatanapplefelloffthetreeandstruckmeonthehead.BturnupA.開大(音量)B.出現(xiàn)，到場，露面C.豎起Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingmedalwillturnupsoonerorlater.BIcan’thearthemusic.Pleaseturnuptheradio.AHeturneduphiscoatcollaragainstthechillwind.C快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思。Theresponsibledoctortendseverypatientinhischarge.料理;照顧Thefanspouredoutofthestadiumcheeringwildly,whichwasasplendidscene.不斷涌向Theburningoffossilfuelsresultsinthepollutionoftheatmosphere.大氣(層)Itwasplaintoeveryonethatshewasunusuallyanxious.明顯的核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識Hismotherisalwaysanxiousabouthisstudy,buthespendsallhistimeplayingcomputergames,ignoringhismother’sanxiety.(anxious)Mymoneyisrunningout,soIhavenochoicebuttopostponebuying(buy)theadvancedfacilities.WhatmakesmymotheranxiousisthatIhavefastfooddelivered(deliver)tomyofficeregularly.Readerstendedtoshare(share)articlesthatwereinspiringorfunny.Theman,anathlete,prefersreading(read)bookswrittenbyMoYantowatchingTVseriesbasedonhisnovels.Finally,wereachedanagreementtomakeatimetableofourroutinesinadvance,andfinishourlessonsandhomeworkontimeeveryday.(2020·北京,書面表達)Itstruck(strike)methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatlearningmomentforallthegirlsontheteam.IusetheSpringFestivalasanexamplebecauseitisfamiliartomostreaders.Iamashamedtoadmit(admit)thatIhaveneverreadtheseriesofHarryPotter.Whenthecriminalturnedupatthecourt,theoldladywassomehowalittlebitnervous.單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練(2020·全國Ⅰ)——我最尊敬的人不管我遇到什么問題,我的父親總是耐心傾聽,鼓勵我勇敢面對那些問題。(whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)WhateverproblemsIcomeacross,myfatheralwayslistenstomepatientlyandencouragesmetofacethembravely.我從他身上學(xué)到的一點就是我們應(yīng)該全心投入到正在做的事情上。(what引導(dǎo)主語從句)WhatIlearnfromhimisthatweshouldputourwholeheartintowhatwe’redoing.一旦他埋頭于自己的研究,你就無法把他從實驗室拖出來。(drag)Onceheisburiedinhisresearch,youcan’tdraghimoutofhislab.盡管有許多工作要做,他還是努力使我的家人受到很好的照顧,給我提供舒適的環(huán)境。(havesthdone)Despiteloadsofworktodo,hestilltrieshisbesttohavemyfamilywelltakencareofandoffermeacomfortableatmosphere.我確實認(rèn)為我的父親,一個幽默和熱情的人,就是最值得我尊敬和欣賞的人。(beworth,passion)Idothinkmyfather,amanofhumorandpassion,isthepersonworthmyrespectandappreciationmost.微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練[教材續(xù)寫語料]情感描寫inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的,啟發(fā)靈感的pourv.灌,注,倒,涌流anxiousadj.焦慮的,不安的bitterlyadv.痛苦地,憤恨地strikev.打動ashamedadj.感到不好意思的,難為情的動作描寫comfortvt.安慰,撫慰→comfortingadj.令人安慰的distancev.使與……保持距離,撇清和……的關(guān)系人物描寫patiencen.耐心passionn.強烈的情感,激情generosityn.慷慨,大方humourn.幽默感qualityn.素質(zhì),品德ordinaryadj.普通的,平常的scarn.傷疤plainadj.簡單的,樸素的personalityn.個性,性格tendv.易于做某事,往往會發(fā)生某事[續(xù)寫語料運用]請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯,完成以下語段。然后核對答案并背誦該語段。(讀后續(xù)寫——鼓起勇氣發(fā)表演講)他非常緊張,兩腿發(fā)抖,汗水嗒嗒地從臉上流下。他甚至一個字也說不出,這讓他很羞愧。他正要放棄,這時他看到了Jasen先生令人安慰的目光。他想起了他鼓舞人心的話語。終于,他鼓起勇氣開始了他不尋常的演講。觀眾被他的勇氣打動了,在演講結(jié)束的時候起身為他鼓掌。Hewasverynervouswithhislegstremblingandsweatspouringdownhischeeks.Hecouldn’tevenutterasingleword,whichmadehimashamed.HewasabouttogiveupwhenhesawMrJasen’scomfortingglances.Hisinspiringwordscamebacktohismind.Finally,hegatheredcouragetobeginhisunusualspeech.Theaudiencewerestruckbyhiscourageandtheyrosetoapplaudforhimwhenthespeechended.詞形變化填空(每小題2分,共20分)He’sagooddoctor.Healwayshaspatiencewithhispatientsandtalkswiththempatiently.(patient)Whentalkingaboutmyson’sreadingpreference,Ithinkhepreferssciencebooks.(prefer)LiHuahasbeenappointedaschairmanoftheStudents’AssociationandIwillwritealettertocongratulatehimonhisappointment.(appointment)Ifeelashamedofmyshamefulaction,whichisashametome.(shame)Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,we’vemadegreatadvancesinourprojectandwecancompletethetaskinadvance.(advance)Thismeetingissosignificantthatitssignificancewillbecomeevident.(significant)Shewasveryf