2022-2023學(xué)年河南省鄭州市重點中學(xué)高一（下）段考英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年河南省鄭州市重點中學(xué)高一（下）段考英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AMoneywithnostringsattached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth，aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread，"GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed."

Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars，manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard."Peopleofallages，races，andsocio-economic（社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的）backgroundsgaveandtook，"saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox，whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles，butafewpeopleleftfives，tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip（片段）showsonemanwhohadfounda﹩20billpinningittotheboard.

"WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost，isthattheywerefullofsmiles，"Bridgessaid."There'sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew，butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.

Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign，Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.

"Afterall，everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays，"hesaid."Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand."1.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean？______A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.

B.Moneynotlegallymade.

C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.

D.Moneynottiedtogether.2.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride？______A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.

B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.

C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.

D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.3.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject？______A.Todoatestonpeople'smorals.

B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.

C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.

D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.BMathilda，15，isTurkana，anativepeoplethathassurvivedbyraisingcattleinasemiarid（半干旱）region.Mathilda'sschool，likemostschoolsinthearea，doesn'thaveaccesstocleanwaterandsanitationfacilitiesforitsstudents.Soinsteadofspendingtheirwholeschooldaylearning，Mathildaandherclassmatesstarttheirdaybyspendingtwohourstotheclosestriverfetchingwaterwaterthatisanywaymostlikelynotsafetodrink.Theydothesamethingagainintheafternoon，sotheyoftenlosearoundhalfoftheirschooldayfetchingwater.

Mathildahastodothesamethingoutsideofschoolhourstogetthewaterherfamilyneedsathome，leavingherlittletimeforstudying.Becauseofrisingtemperatures，waterhasbecomeharderandhardertofindhere，andpeoplehavetospendmoreandmoretimetryingtofindit.

Thisisjustonesmallexampleofhowclimatechangeismakingithardertorealizepeople'srightstowater，educationandsecurity.Unfortunately，mosthigher-incomecountriesremainedsilentontheissue.

Thisisdespitestudiesshowingthatcommunitiesalreadyfacingmarginalization（邊緣化），suchaswomenandchildren，mostlysufferfromclimatechange.Thisisespeciallythecaseforthoseincountrieswithlimitedresourcesandfragileecosystems.

Meanwhile，womenconsistofthemajorityoftheworld'spoor，andsoaremoredependentfortheirlivelihoodonnaturalresourcesthatarethreatenedbyclimatechange.Andaroundtheworld，womenandgirlsarethemostlikelytoberesponsibleforfetchingwaterfortheirfamilies.

Thisexposesthemtodangerandleavesthemwithlesstimetoattendschool，earnmoney，orsimplytorest.Butthefactisthattheeffectsofclimatechangewillbefeltglobally.

Despitethedifficultiessheisfacing，tryingtogetaneducation，Mathildasaysshehopestoservehercommunityinaleadershiprolewhenshegrowsup.

"Alloftheworld'sleadersneedtoworktogethertosolvethisproblemthatweareallfacing，"shesaid.4.Mathildahastospend______fetchingwatereveryschoolday.A.twohours B.fourhours

C.morethanfourhours D.almostawholeday5.Thefirsttwoparagraphsareintendedtotellus______.A.thecauseandeffectoflackofwater

B.oneseriousconsequenceofclimatechange

C.thedifficultiesinfetchingwaterinthesemiaridregion

D.thehardshipoflifeforthepeopleinthesemiaridregion6.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.A.climatechangeiseveryone'sbusiness

B.waterisbecomingrarebecauseofrisingtemperatures

C.fetchingwatertakesupMathilda'shalfofstudyingtime

D.femalesaremoreresponsibleforfetchingwaterfortheirfamilies7.Thepassageismainlyabouttheproblemcausedby______.A.risingtemperatures B.fetchingwater

C.climatechange D.watershortage.CDogsareourbestfriends.That'sespeciallytrueafteradisaster，suchasanearthquake.Whenbuildingsfall

down，search-and-rescuedogshelpfindtrappedpeople.Dogs'amazingnosescanpickupthesmellofsurvivors.Nowscientistshavedevelopedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.It'stakingsmelldetection（探測）toawholenewlevel.

Thenewinventionisasortofelectronicnose，whichcandetectextremelylowlevelsofmanycompounds（化合物）frompeople'sskin.Thisisn'tthefirsttimeengineershavedevelopedsuchanobject.Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Theycouldnotdetectlowlevelsoftargetcompoundseither.Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehand-heldequipment.

Theelectronicnosecandetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanonecompoundatthesametime."Being

abletodothis，insuchasmallobject，isthesignificantdiscovery，"saysSotirisE.Pratsinis，ProfessorofProcessEngineeringandMaterialsScienceattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurich.Histeamtesteditinspecialspaces.Theywerelikethesmallspaceswherepeoplemightbetrapped.Chemicalsgivenoffbythevolunteersbuiltupinside.Theelectronicequipmentdetectedthosecompoundsatunbelievablylowlevels.

Theresultsweregoodnewsfortheresearchteam.Buttheymaybenotforourfour-leggedfriends，whocouldsoonbeoutofajob."Ideally，thistechnologycouldreplacesearch-and-rescuedogs，"Pratsinissays.

StephenTaylor，anelectricalengineer，agreesthatthenewtechnologyhassomebenefitsoverdogs.Still，hethinksitmaybetoosoontohaveourtrustyfriendsretire.Hesuspects，"Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs."Tayloralsopointsoutsomepotentiallimitationsofthenewinvention"E-nosesareuseful，butcanbeverylikelytobeaffectedbyunstablereadingsandinterruption，"hesays.8.Whydoestheauthortalkaboutdogsatthebeginning？______A.Tocatchthereaders'attention

B.Tointroducethetopicaboute-noses.

C.Toshowwhatsearch-and-rescuedogsdo.

D.Toaddbackgroundinformationfordiscussion.9..Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"bulky"underlinedinParagraph2？______A.Complex. B.Fragile. C.Handy. D.Large.10.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout？______A.Whate-noses'workingprincipleis.

B.Howe-nosesaremade.

C.Whatdifferencesbetweendogsande-nosesare.

D.Howpowerfule-nosesare.11.WhatdoesStephenTaylormean？______A.Dogsande-nosescouldworktogether.

B.Search-and-rescuedogswillretiresoon.

C.E-nosesaremorereliablethannosesofdogs.

D.Dogsarebetteratfindingouttrappedpeople.DCharlesDarwinlivedanunusuallyquietlife．In1842，DarwinandhiswifeEmmamovedfromLondontoKentinsouthernEnglandtohaveaslittledisturbance（煩擾）aspossible．Theyalreadyhadtwochildrenthen，andwouldgoontohaveeightmoreinthecountry．

Darwin，hadveryregularhabits．Heroseearlyandwentforawalk，Afterbreakfastheworkedinhisstudyuntil9：30am，hismostproductivetimeoftheday，andthenreadhisletterslyingonthesofabeforereturningtowork．

Atmiddayhewouldgoforanotherwalkwithhisdog，stoppingathisgreenhousetocheckhisexperiments．Thenhewouldgoforanotherwalkaroundanareaofwoodland．Whilewalkingonhis"thinkingpath"，Darwinwouldconsiderhisunsolvedscientificproblems．

Afterlunchhereadthenewspaperandwroteletters．Hisnetworkoffriendsprovidedinformationfromallcornersoftheworld．

TheDarwinswerenotverystrictparentsandthechildrenwerealwaysseenrunningwild．Theirfatherworkedpatientlywithabackgroundofhappyshoutsandlittlefootstepswalkingpasthisstudydoor．

AfterdinnerDarwinplayedbackgammon（agamefortwopeopletoplay）withhiswife．Heoncewrote，"Nowtheresultwithmywifeinbackgammonstandslikethis：she…h(huán)aswononly2，490games，whileIhavewon，hurrah（acheerofjoyorvictory），hurrah，2，795games!"

Althoughhehadpoorhealth，Darwincontinuedtopublishalotofcreativeworksuntilhisfinalbookin1881．Hediedthefollowingyear，aged73．

Ratherthanaquietspaceinthelocalchurchyard，whichhecalled"thesweetestplaceonEarth"，Darwinwasgivenastatefuneral（國葬）inLondon'sWestminsterAbbey．12.WhydidtheDarwinsmovetoKent？______A.Todomoreexperiments．

B.Tocuttheircostofliving．

C.Toenjoymorepeacefulness．

D.Tobetogetherwiththeirchildren．13.WhatdidDarwindoeveryday？______A.Hestudiedintheforest．

B.Hestartedtoworkat9：30am．

C.Hewrotelettersinthemorning．

D.Heexaminedhisexperiments．14.WhatdidDarwin'schildrenprobablythinkofhim？______A.Strict． B.Kind． C.Cold． D.Brave．15.Whatisthistextmainlyabout？______A.Darwin'sscientificachievements．

B.Darwin'sunusualstatefuneral．

C.Darwin'spersonallife．

D.Darwin'slargefamily．二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）Althoughproblemsareapartofourlives，itcertainlydoesn'tmeanthatweletthemruleourlivesforever.Onedayortheother，you'llhavetostandupandsay—problems，Idon'twantyouinmylife.

（1）______Problemswithfriends，parents，girlfriends，husbands，andchildren—thelistgoeson.Apartfromthese，theinnerconflictswithinourselveswork，too.Thesekeepaddingtoourproblems.Problemscomeindifferentshapesandcolorsandfeelings.

Butthegoodnewsisthatallproblemscanbedealtwith.Nowreadontoknowhowtosolveyourproblems.

Talkingreallyhelps.Whatmostofusthinkisthatourproblemscanbeunderstoodonlybyusandthatnotalkingisgoingtohelp.（2）______Talkinghelpsyoumoveonandletgo.

Writeyourproblems.（3）______Whenyouwritedownyourproblems，youaresettingfreeallthetensionfromyoursystem.Youcantrythrowingawaythepaperonwhichyouwroteyourproblems.Bydoingthis，imagineyourselfthrowingawaytheproblemsfromyourlife.

Don'tlosefaithandhope.Nomatterwhatyouloseinlife，don'tlosefaithandhope.Evenifyouloseallyourmoney，family...，youshouldstillhavefaith.（4）______

Yourproblemsaren'ttheworst.Nomatterwhatproblemyougetinlife，thereareanotheronemillionpeoplewhoseproblemsarehugerthanyours.（5）______Yourproblemsmightjustseembigandbad，butinrealitytheycanberemoved.

Goaboutandsolveyourproblemsbecauseeveryproblem，howeverbigorsmall，alwayshasawayout.

A.Tellyourself：whentheycandealwiththem，whycan'tI？

B.Withfaithandhope，youcanrebuildeverythingthatyoulose.

C.Ofcourse，we'vebeenfightingproblemseversincewewereborn.

D.Wecanoftenovercometheproblemandachievethegoalbymakingadirectattack.

E.Havingapersonaldiarycanalsobeofhugehelpifyoudon'twantarealpersontotalkwith.

F.Whenwehaveaproblem，apressing，critical，urgent，life-threateningproblem，howdowetryandsolveit？

G.Butthetruthisthatwhenyoutalkaboutthem，you'resettingfreethenegativeenergythathasbeengatheringwithinyou.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）Mr.JoneshadalwayswantedtomakeatripintothemiddleofAfricatophotographwildanimals.（1）______hiswifehadnotwantedhimto（2）______her.Atlasthiswifeagreedtothetripifheallowedhertogo，too.

Mr.Jones（3）______her，"Itwillbeveryhotandweshallliveinatentandit（4）______bedangerous."

"Idon'tcare，"saidhiswife.Sotheyboughtabigtent，campbedsandmanyotherthings，andwentofftothe（5）______ofAfrica.

Thefirstmorning，（6）______Mr.Jonestookhiscameraandleftthetent，he（7）______hiswifeabellandexplainedtoher，"Ifyoufeelin（8）______，ringthisbell."

Afterawhile，heheardthebellandcamebackquickly."What'sthematter？"heasked."（9）______，"saidhiswife，"Iwasonlytryingthebell."

Mr.Joneswentoff，butafterawhile，thebellrang（10）______.Mr.Joneshurriedbacktothetent，buthiswifesaid，"I'm（11）______butIwascleaningourtent，andIknockedthebellover（12）______."

Mr.Jonesreturnedtohisphotographing（拍攝）butsoonheheardthebell.Whenhegotbacktohis（13）______，thetentwasburningandMrs.Joneswaslyingontheground，（14）______bloodrunningfromabigcutonhershoulder，"That'sbetter!"saidMr.Jones."Thistimethebellhasbeenused（15）______!"21.

A.And B.But C.Or D.So22.

A.leave B.miss C.marry D.care23.

A.informed B.advised C.reported D.warned24.

A.may B.ought C.can't D.shall25.

A.south B.centre C.east D.west26.

A.while B.until C.before D.after27.

A.gave B.sent C.lent D.bought28.

A.hurry B.surprise C.safety D.danger29.

A.Something B.Nothing C.No D.None30.

A.again B.once C.across D.away31.

A.happy B.sorry C.tired D.right32.

A.onpurpose B.bydesign C.atlast D.bymistake33.

A.garden B.house C.camp D.office34.

A.in B.on C.with D.for35.

A.correctly B.quickly C.crazily D.anxiously四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.QiBaishi，oneofChina'sgreatestpainters，followedthe（1）______（tradition）Chinesestyleofpainting.Chinesepaintingisknown（2）______itsbrushdrawingsinblackinkandnaturalcolours.QiBaishiobservedtheworldofnatureverycarefully，andhispaintingsarespecialbecauseofthis.

XuBeihongwasoneofChinabest-knowntwentieth-centuryartists.LikeQiBaishi，XuBeihongpaintedinthetraditionalChinesestyle.Bothpaintershaveabeautifulbrushline.XuBeihongbelievedthatartistsshouldshow（3）______（real），butnotjustimitateit.Instead，apictureshouldtrytoshowthe"life"ofitssubject.Heismostfamousforhis（4）______（live）paintingsofhorses.

PabloPicassoisthetwentieth-centurygreatestwesternartist.HewasborninSpainandattheageoftenwasalready（5）______excellentartist.Hefirsthadhisworksofart（6）______（exhibit）attheageof16.PicassostudiedartinSpain，butmovedtoFrance（7）______hisearlytwenties.From1902to1904hepaintedaseriesofpictureswherethemaincolourwasblue.Thesepicturesshowingpoor，（8）______（happy）peopleareknownasPicasso's"blueperiod".From1904to1906Picassopaintedmuchhappierpicturesinthecolourpink.ThisperiodwasknownasPicasso's"pinkperiod".WithanotherSpanishartist（9）______（call）GeorgeBraque，Picassothenstartedanimportantnew（10）______（art）movementcalledCubism（立體派）.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.假如你是某中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，請你給校委員會寫一封信，就開辦藝術(shù)畫廊給出自己的建議及理由，內(nèi)容包括：

1.建議開辦一個校園藝術(shù)畫廊，展示在校學(xué)生自己的作品；

2.畫廊可以給學(xué)生提供一個展示自我的平臺，豐富學(xué)生的知識、傳播校園文化。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearCommitteemembers，

_______

Yoursfaithfully，LiHua38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右.

Itwastimetogohome."Remembertoworkonyourclassspeechesforhomework，"MissWalkercalledaseveryonestartedtalkingandpackingtheirschoolbags.Jennyfeltsick.Shehatedhavingtoreadaloudinclass.Shewassureeveryonegotreallyboredlisteningtoher.Once，whenJennywasreadingoutherholidaydiary，Leewasevenlookingathiswatch，asilverandblueonewhichseemedjustmagical.

JennywatchedLeewalkaheadofherastheyleftschool.Heseemedsoclever，andhehadacertainsortofshiningconfidence.Hewasjustoneofthosepeoplewhoweregoodateverything.Jennysighed.Assheturnedthecorner，shesawLee'swatchlyingrightinthemiddleofthepath.

Jennyknewsheshouldjustpickitupandreturnittohim，butshedidn'twanttorunafterhim.Jennybentdownquickly，pickedupthewatchandranhome.Onarrivinghome，Jennyputitonalmostwithoutthinking.Shewassurpriseditfittedsowell.Shewalkedtothemirrorandstartedpractisingherspeech.Wordsjustfloodedoutofher."I'mgoingtotalkaboutswimming.Ihavebeenlucky.I'vewonlotsofcompetitions.ButwhenI'minarace，I'mnotreallythinkingaboutwinning.I'mjustlovingthefeelingofbeinginthewater…"Jennylaughedwithexcitement.Shewalkedacrosstheroom.Shesuddenlyseemedtohaveacertainsortofconfidence.Turningbacktothemirror，Jennysawaflashoflightfromthewatchintheglass.Theflashesofsilverseemedalmostmagical.SomaybeLee'swatchreallyDIDhavesomethingmagicaboutit.

Thenextday，asthelessonbegan，MissWalkeraskedwhowasgoingtobebraveandgofirst.Nobodymoved.Jennyslowlyraisedherarm.BeforeMissWalkercouldsayanything，therewasashoutfrombehind."She'sstolenmywatch!"Leesaidangrily，"Itwentmissingatschoolyesterday."

Paragraph1：

EverybodywasfixingtheireyesonJenny，waitingforanexplanation._________.

Paragraph2：

MissWalkersmiledandaskedtheclasstolistentoJenny'sspeechfirst._______.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、B、D【解析】（1）C.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中But

at

Union

Station

in

Los

Angeles

last

month，a

board

went

up

with

dollar

bills

attached

to

it

with

pins

and

a

sign

that

read，"Give

What

You

Can，Take

What

You

Need."（但是上個月在洛杉磯的聯(lián)合車站，一塊牌子上用別針別滿了美元，上面寫著"給予你所能給與的，拿走你所需要的"。）可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)要無條件地給予，由此推斷Moneywithnostringsattached是"無條件提供的錢"的意思。故選C。

（2）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"People

of

all

ages，races，and

socio-economic（社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的）backgrounds

gave

and

took，"

said

Tyler

Bridges

of

The

Toolbox，which

created

the

project.

"We

even

had

a

bride

in

her

wedding

dress

come

up

to

the

board

and

take

a

few

dollars."（發(fā)起該項活動的TylerBridges說："所有年齡、種族和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的人都會付出和索取。"甚至有一位穿著婚紗的新娘來到了牌子前，拿走了一些錢。"）可推知，TylerBridges提到新娘是想說明這項活動吸引了各種各樣的人。故選B。

（3）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"While

the

clip

might

look

like

part

of

a

new

ad

campaign，Bridges

said

the

only

goal

was

to

show

generosity

and

sympathy.（盡管這段視頻看起來像是一項新的廣告活動的一部分，但是Bridges說這次活動唯一的目標(biāo)是表現(xiàn)出慷慨和同情。）"可知，Bridges開展這個活動是為了促進(jìn)善良和同情。故選D。

這是一篇記敘文。短文報道了上個月在洛杉磯的聯(lián)合車站，一塊牌子上用別針別滿了美元，上面寫著"給予你所能給與的，拿走你所需要的"。這樣的活動吸引了各種各樣的人，組織者希望通過這樣的活動來提倡善意。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。4~7.【答案】C、B、A、C【解析】28．C細(xì)節(jié)題．由第一段倒數(shù)一二句"Mathildaandherclassmatesstarttheirdaybyspendingtwohourstotheclosestriverfetchingwater"，"Theydothesamethingagainintheafternoon"及第二段第一句"Mathildahastodothesamethingoutsideofschoolhourstogetthewaterherfamilyneedsathome"可知Mathilda在學(xué)校里每天上午和下午取水時間為4個小時，而放學(xué)后還要為家里取水，故取總的水時間大于四個小時．A項，"兩個小時"，B項，"多于四個小時"，D項，"幾乎一整天"，均錯誤．故正確答案為C．

29．B推斷題．由第三段第一句"Thisisjustonesmallexampleofhowclimatechangeismakingithardertorealizepeople'srightstowater，educationandsecurity．"可知前兩段都是在講氣候變化導(dǎo)致的后果，故B項正確．A項，"缺水的原因及影響"，C項，"在半干旱地區(qū)取水的困難"，D項，"半干旱地區(qū)人們的生活困難"，均為氣候變化所導(dǎo)致的后果，太過片面，不能和后文緊密聯(lián)系起來，是文章表面信息，而不是深層含義，故錯誤．故正確答案為B．

30．A推斷題．由第六段最后一句"Butthefactisthattheeffectsofclimatechangewillbefeltglobally．"可知?dú)夂蜃兓挠绊懯侨蛐缘?，故A項正確．B項"水變得稀有是因為溫度上升"，C項"取水占據(jù)了Mathilda一半的學(xué)習(xí)時間"，D項"女性更有義務(wù)為她們的家庭取水"，均為文章已提出的現(xiàn)象，故錯誤．故正確答案為A．

31．C主旨題．文章主要講的是氣候變化給人們的生活帶來的影響，故C項正確．A項，"上升的氣溫"；B項，"取水"；D項，"水資源缺乏"；均為氣候變化而導(dǎo)致的問題，不能全面地說明文章的主要問題，故錯誤．故正確答案為C．

文章主要講的是氣候變化給人們的生活帶來的影響．

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點．8~11.【答案】B、D、D、A【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Dogs'amazingnosescanpickupthesmellofsurvivors.Nowscientistshavedevelopedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.（狗驚人的鼻子能聞到幸存者的氣味。現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種電子工具，可以做同樣的事情。）可知，作者一開始就談?wù)摴肥菫榱艘鲭娮颖堑脑掝}，故選B。

（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehand-heldequipment.（早期的電子鼻比較昂貴且"bulky"，新型的電子鼻則體積小巧，可放入手持設(shè)備內(nèi)。）可知，新舊電子鼻形成對比，根據(jù)"新型的電子鼻則體積小巧"猜測bulky是"龐大"的意思。A.Complex"復(fù)雜的"，B.Fragile易碎的，C.Handy方便的，D.Large"大的"。劃線詞與large詞義接近，故選D。

（3）段落大意題。閱讀第三段可知，第一句Theelectronicnosecandetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanonecompoundatthesametime.（電子鼻可以同時檢測多種化合物的極輕微氣味。）為本段主題句，后面是通過測試證實了這一點，所以本段主要介紹了電子鼻有多厲害。故選D。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs.（我預(yù)測這種東西可以增加狗的精細(xì)工作。）可知，StephenTaylor認(rèn)為電子鼻可以配合狗進(jìn)行工作，A項正確。根據(jù)下一句Tayloralsopointedoutsomepotentiallimitationsofthenewinvention（泰勒還指出了新發(fā)明的一些潛在局限性）可知，StephenTaylor認(rèn)為電子鼻雖然很有用，但是有潛在的局限性，所以排除C項。StephenTaylor所說的話沒有涉及到B、D兩個選項的內(nèi)容，所以排除。故選A。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種叫做電子鼻的新工具，它將氣味檢測提升到一個全新的水平。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。12~15.【答案】C、D、B、C【解析】1．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章第一段，In1842，DarwinandhiswifeEmmamovedfromLondontoKentinsouthernEnglandtohaveaslittledisturbance（煩擾）aspossible．1842年，達(dá)爾文和他的妻子艾瑪從倫敦搬到英格蘭南部的肯特，目的是為了遠(yuǎn)離城市的喧囂，享受寧靜的生活．結(jié)合選項，故選C．

2．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段，Atmiddayhewouldgoforanotherwalkwithhisdog，stoppingathisgreenhousetocheckhisexperiments．中午的時候，他會帶著他的狗去散步，在他的溫室里停下來檢查他的實驗．可知，達(dá)爾文每天都會做的事情就是去查看實驗的進(jìn)展，結(jié)合選項，故選D．

3．B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章第五段，Theirfatherworkedpatientlywithabackgroundofhappyshoutsandlittlefootstepswalkingpasthisstudydoor．他們的父親耐心地工作著，伴隨著歡快的喊聲和走過書房門的腳步聲．可知，在孩子們眼中，他們的父親是非常溫和的，結(jié)合選項，故選B．

4．C．主旨大意題．根據(jù)文章第一段，CharlesDarwinlivedanunusuallyquietlife．查爾斯?達(dá)爾文過著異常平靜的生活．可知，本文章主要講述了英國著名科學(xué)家達(dá)爾文寧靜的個人生活．結(jié)合選項，故選C．

本文主要報道達(dá)爾文的生平，尤其是介紹了其簡單而樸素的生活方式．

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點．16~20.【答案】C、G、E、B、A【解析】（1）推理判斷題。由第一段One

day

or

the

other，you'll

have

to

stand

up

and

say

—

problems，I

don't

want

you

in

my

life.

（永遠(yuǎn)總有一天，你必須站起來說：問題，我不想讓你出現(xiàn)在我的生活中。）和本段下文Problems

with

friends，parents，girlfriends，husbands，and

children

—

the

list

goes

on.

（與朋友、父母、女朋友、丈夫和孩子的問題不勝枚舉。）可知，生活處處有問題，問題伴隨一個人的一生，承接上下文，C．Of

course，we've

been

fighting

problems

ever

since

we

were

born.（當(dāng)然，我們從出生起就一直在與問題作斗爭。）符合語境，起到了銜接上下文的作用。故選C項。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由上文What

most

of

us

think

is

that

our

problems

can

be

understood

only

by

us

and

that

no

talking

is

going

to

help.

（我們大多數(shù)人的想法是，我們的問題只有我們自己才能理解，任何談話都無濟(jì)于事。）可知，大多數(shù)人都會認(rèn)為，自己的問題只有自己能夠解決，說出來也沒有用，與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，G．But

the

truth

is

that

when

you

talk

about

them，you're

setting

free

the

negative

energy

that

has

been

gathering

within

you.（但事實是，當(dāng)你談?wù)撍鼈儠r，你釋放了你內(nèi)心一直聚集的負(fù)能量。）符合語境，G選項內(nèi)容是強(qiáng)調(diào)把問題說出來能夠釋放內(nèi)心積壓的消極情緒，順接下文Talking

helps

you

move

on

and

let

go.

（交談有助于你繼續(xù)前進(jìn)并放手。）講談話對于解決問題的好處。故選G項。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由上文Write

your

problems.

（寫出你的問題。）和下文When

you

write

down

your

problems，you

are

setting

free

all

the

tension

from

your

system.

（當(dāng)你寫下你的問題時，你就是在釋放你系統(tǒng)中的所有壓力。）可知，本段的建議是人們可以通過寫日記來排解內(nèi)心的緊張，且E選項中diary是信息詞，與寫有關(guān)，E．Having

a

personal

diary

can

also

be

of

huge

help

if

you

don't

want

a

real

person

to

talk

with.（如果你不想和一個真人交談，寫一本個人日記也會有很大幫助。）符合語境。故選E項。

（4）聯(lián)系上文題。由上文Don't

lose

faith

and

hope.No

matter

what

you

lose

in

life，don't

lose

faith

and

hope.Even

if

you

lose

all

your

money，family...，you

should

still

have

faith.

（不要失去信心和希望。無論你在生活中失去了什么，都不要失去信心和希望。即使你失去了所有的錢，家人……，你仍然應(yīng)該有信心。）可知，本段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是無論何時都不要失去信念和希望，承接上文，B．With

faith

and

hope，you

can

rebuild

everything

that

you

lose.（有了信念和希望，你可以重建你失去的一切。）符合語境。故選B項。

（5）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由上文Your

problems

aren't

the

worst.No

matter

what

problem

you

get

in

life，there

are

another

one

million

people

whose

problems

are

huger

than

yours.

（你的問題并不是最嚴(yán)重的。無論你在生活中遇到什么問題，還有一百萬人的問題比你的更嚴(yán)重。）和下文Your

problems

might

just

seem

big

and

bad，but

in

reality

they

can

be

removed.

（你的問題可能看起來很大很糟糕，但實際上它們是可以消除的。）可知，本段講的是自己遇到的問題不會比他人的嚴(yán)重，且你的問題是可以解決的，承接上下文，A．Tell

yourself：when

they

can

deal

with

them，why

can't

I？（告訴自己：當(dāng)他們能應(yīng)對問題時，為什么我不能呢？）符合語境，強(qiáng)調(diào)問題的可解決性。故選A項。

這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了解決你的問題的一些策略。

關(guān)于選句填空的做題步驟：

步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。

步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。

步驟四：注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。

步驟五：區(qū)分相似項。21~35.【答案】B、A、D、A、B、C、A、D、B、A、B、D、C、C、A【解析】

（1）考查連詞及語境理解。A.And和；B.But但是；C.Or或者；D.So因此。句意：瓊斯先生一直想去非洲中部拍攝野生動物。但是他的妻子不想讓他離開她。根據(jù)上文"Mr.JoneshadalwayswantedtomakeatripintothemiddleofAfricatophotographwildanimals（瓊斯先生一直想去非洲中部拍攝野生動物）"以及下文"hiswifehadnotwantedhimtoleaveher（他的妻子不想讓他離開她）"可知上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用表是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞，故選B。

（2）考查動詞及語境理解。A.leave離開；B.miss思念；C.marry結(jié)婚；D.care關(guān)心。句意：瓊斯先生一直想去非洲中部拍攝野生動物。但是他的妻子不想讓他離開她。根據(jù)下文"Atlasthiswifeagreedtothetripifheallowedhertogo，too."推知，他的妻子不愿意讓他離開她，故選A。

（3）考查動詞及語境理解。"A.informed通知；B.advised建議；C.reported報道；D.warned警告；提醒。句意：瓊斯先生提醒她："天氣會很熱，我們將住在帳篷里，這可能很危險。根據(jù)下文"Itwillbeveryhotandweshallliveinatentanditmaybedangerous（天氣會很熱，我們將住在帳篷里，這可能很危險）"可知，這是瓊斯先生對妻子的提醒，故選D。

（4）考查情態(tài)動詞及語境理解。A.may可能；B.ought應(yīng)該；C.can't不可能；D.shall必須，一定，應(yīng)該。句意：瓊斯先生提醒她："天氣會很熱，我們將住在帳篷里，這可能很危險。根據(jù)下文"dangerous（危險的）"可知，此處是指住在戶外可能是危險的，故選A。

（5）考查名詞及語境理解。A.south南方；B.centre中心；C.east東方；D.west西方。句意：于是，他們買了一個大帳篷、行軍床和許多其他東西，前往非洲中部。根據(jù)上文"Mr.JoneshadalwayswantedtomakeatripintothemiddleofAfricatophotographwildanimals.（瓊斯先生一直想去非洲中部拍攝野生動物）"可知，瓊斯夫婦去了非洲中部，故選B。

（6）考查連詞及語境理解。A.while當(dāng)……時候；B.until直到……才；C.before在……之前；D.after在……之后。句意：第一天早上，在瓊斯先生拿著相機(jī)離開帳篷之前，他給了妻子一個鈴鐺，并向她解釋說："如果你覺得有危險，就按這個鈴鐺。"根據(jù)下文"hegavehiswifeabell（他給了妻子一個鈴鐺）"推知，瓊斯先生是在離開帳篷前給了妻子一個鈴鐺，故選C。

（7）考查動詞及語境理解。A.gave給；B.sent發(fā)送；C.lent借；D.bought買。句意：第一天早上，在瓊斯先生拿著相機(jī)離開帳篷之前，他給了妻子一個鈴鐺，并向她解釋說："如果你覺得有危險，就按這個鈴鐺。"根據(jù)下文"abell（一個鈴鐺）"可知瓊斯先生給了妻子一個鈴鐺，故選A。

（8）考查名詞及語境理解。A.hurry匆忙；B.surprise吃驚；C.safety安全；D.danger危險。句意：第一天早上，在瓊斯先生拿著相機(jī)離開帳篷之前，他給了妻子一個鈴鐺，并向她解釋說："如果你覺得有危險，就按這個鈴鐺。"根據(jù)下文"ringthisbell（按這個鈴）"以及"heheardthebellandcamebackquickly（他聽到鈴聲，很快就回來了）"可推理出瓊斯先生告訴妻子在感到危險的時候按鈴，故選D。

（9）考查代詞及語境理解。A.Something某事；B.Nothing沒有東西；C.No不；D.None沒有人。句意：過了一會兒，他聽到鈴聲，很快就回來了。"怎么了？"他問道。"沒什么，"他的妻子說，"我只是試一下這個鈴鐺。"根據(jù)下文"Iwasonlytryingthebell（我只是試一下這個鐘）"可知此處表達(dá)的是沒什么事，故選B。

（10）考查副詞及語境理解。A.again又；再；B.once一次；C.across橫過；D.away離開。句意：瓊斯先生走了，但過了一會兒，鈴聲又響了。根據(jù)上文"Afterawhile，heheardthebellandcamebackquickly（過了一會兒，他聽到鈴聲，很快就回來了）"可知此處指的是鈴聲再次響起，故選A。

（11）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.happy快樂的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.tired累的；D.right正確的。句意：對不起，我當(dāng)時正在打掃帳篷，我不小心把鈴鐺撞翻了。根據(jù)下文"Iwascleaningourtent，andIknockedthebellover（我正在打掃我們的帳篷，我把鐘撞倒了）"可知，瓊斯太太是在打掃帳篷的