新教材2020-2021學(xué)年高中英語選擇性第一冊(cè)學(xué)案：UNIT5SectionⅡ　LearningAboutLanguage含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage主語從句考點(diǎn)一主語從句的定義和連接詞1．定義:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的句子叫主語從句。Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。2．連接詞的選用（1)that和what的選用：that和what都可引導(dǎo)主語從句。what除了起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某些成分，如主語、賓語或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無詞義,只起連接作用。Whathewantsisastorybook.他想要的是一本故事書.Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall。眾所周知，光沿直線運(yùn)動(dòng).(2)if和whether的選用：whether和if盡管不充當(dāng)句子成分,但含有“是否”的意思.whether和if也有不同的用法：if可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，但從句不能用于句首,而應(yīng)該放在句尾，并用it作形式主語。whether還可以與ornot連用，語意不變。Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather。我們明天是否在戶外開晚會(huì)要視天氣而定。（3)其他連接詞的選用：根據(jù)主語從句的具體意義，還可選擇who,which,when，where,why,how等連接詞,這些連接詞既有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)成分。Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided。我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒有決定下來。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.昨天是誰打破的玻璃還不清楚。Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference。你選擇買哪輛車不會(huì)有任何區(qū)別。（4）whatever和whoever的選用：whatever和whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義,不僅起連接作用,還在從句中作成分.whatever相當(dāng)于anythingthat；whoever相當(dāng)于anyonewho。要注意whatever,whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句和讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別.試比較:無論誰破壞法律，都應(yīng)受到懲罰.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished。（＝Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished。）(whoever引導(dǎo)的是主語從句）Whoeverbreaksthelaw，heshouldbepunished.（＝Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw，heshouldbepunished.)（whoever引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句）考點(diǎn)二由it作形式主語的主語從句1．由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)放到句子的后面，而用it作形式主語。Itiswell.knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。提示：需要注意的是,it作形式主語代替主語從句時(shí)，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別.試比較：據(jù)報(bào)道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊。ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack。（it代替主語從句,句中有that，無逗號(hào)）Aswasreported，theUSwasundertheterroristattack.（as引導(dǎo)定語從句，句中無that，有逗號(hào))2．用it作形式主語的常見句型(1）It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句這類形容詞有necessary，essential，clear，true,strange,important，possible,likely等。需要注意的是，當(dāng)形容詞是necessary,strange,important，essential等時(shí),主語從句的謂語用“(should＋）動(dòng)詞原形”，即從句要用虛擬語氣。Itisnecessarythatyou（should)masterthecomputer。你有必要精通電腦。ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell。學(xué)生學(xué)好英語很重要。It’sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明顯，他們急需援助.（2）It＋be＋名詞（詞組）＋that從句這類名詞(詞組）有afact，agoodidea,apity,ashame,nowonder等.It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了.It'snowonderthatyou'resotired。難怪你這么累。(3)It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句這類過去分詞有reported,well。known，hoped，thought,expected,said，believed，suggested，ordered等。當(dāng)過去分詞是suggested,advised,ordered,requested，insisted，required等時(shí)，主語從句的謂語用“（should＋）動(dòng)詞原形”，即從句要用虛擬語氣。Itissuggestedthatthemeetingbeputoff.有人建議會(huì)議延期召開。It’ssaidthatMrGreenhasarrivedinLondon.據(jù)說格林先生已到達(dá)倫敦.(4)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞（短語）＋that從句這類不及物動(dòng)詞（短語）有seem，happen，occur，matter，makea/nodifference等。Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame?？雌饋硭麄兒孟駮?huì)贏得這場比賽。IthappenedthatIhadnomoneywithmethatday.碰巧那天我身上沒帶錢?？键c(diǎn)三主語從句需注意的問題1．that引導(dǎo)的主語從句置于句首時(shí),that不能省略；如果用it作形式主語,主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that通常也不可省略。Thathewasillyesterdayisknownnow.大家都知道他昨天生病了.Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜歡他不關(guān)我的事。2．if引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)只能用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末。ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.明天他是否去北京還不敢肯定。3．從句的語序：在任何情況下,主語從句都用陳述語序。Whodidthisisstillunknown。這件事是誰做的還不知道。Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.使我感到驚訝的是，這個(gè)小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。4．單個(gè)的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式.但what和who引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與作表語的名詞保持一致。Whatweneedaremorepersonalcomputers.我們需要的是更多的個(gè)人電腦。Whatweneedismoretime。我們需要的是更多的時(shí)間.單句語法填空1．Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson。2．Whatyousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany。3．Whatmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.4．Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike。5．Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.6．Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice。7．Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth，butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.8．Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.9．Howmedicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestionthatnoteveryonecanunderstandfully。10．Whythedinosaursdisappearedstillremainsamystery。11．Hisfathergothimajobinabankbutsoonitbecameclearthathewasnotfitforthatkindofwork.12．Grandmapointedtot