人教GoForIt版九年級(jí)中考總復(fù)習(xí)名師獲獎(jiǎng)33

第41課閱讀理解解題策略

中考英語(yǔ)“閱讀理解”題主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。很多同學(xué)在做題時(shí)常常有一種“讀得懂做不對(duì)”的感覺。那么有必要對(duì)閱讀理解這種題型及其解題技巧作一些簡(jiǎn)要的分析。首先，中考試題中的閱讀文章題材多樣(涉及政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史、地理、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各個(gè)方面)，體裁形式豐富(包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說明、表格等)，這就需要考生在平時(shí)對(duì)各方面的文章都有所訓(xùn)練，迎合中考命題趨勢(shì)。

其次，閱讀理解主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力，對(duì)書面語(yǔ)言的理解能力，尤其是獲取信息的能力。在閱讀技巧上，考生要了解文章的個(gè)別詞或句子、文章的某細(xì)節(jié)或情節(jié)、文章的主題、文章的背景知識(shí)、文章的結(jié)論或結(jié)局、文章內(nèi)涵的寓意等。第三，從問題設(shè)置上可以將問題總結(jié)為四種類型：直接性題目，理解性題目，推理性題目和概括性題目。1．直接性題目：這種題目比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以直接從文章的原句中找到答案?！纠?】

(2011溫州)HistoryCanberraistheeighthlargestcityinAustralia.Itis238kmfromSydneyand507kmfromMelboume.MelbournewasoncethecapitalofAustralia.Sydneypeoplealsowantedtomaketheircitythecapital.Itwasdifficultforthegovernmenttomakethedecision.Thenin1911,thegovernmentchoseaplacetobuildthenewcapital.ItwasbetweenSydneyandMelbourne,thetwolargestcitiesinAustralia.Ittookmorethan14yearstobuildthecity,In1927,thecitywassetup.ItbecamethecapitalandwasnamedCanberra.“Canberra”means“aplaceforfriendstogettogether”．

(

)26.HowfarisCanberrafromSydney?A.25km.B.238km.C.345km.D.507km.

解析：本題屬于直接性題目。由第二句Itis238kmfromSydney...

可知B為正確答案。B(

)27.Theword“Canberra”means________.A.thelargestcityB.beautifulman-madelakeC.theoldcapitalcityD.aplaceforfriendstogettogether

解析：本題屬于直接性題目。由最后一句“Canberra”means

“aplaceforfriendstogettogether”．可知D為正確答案。

拓展此類題目通常出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解A篇，同學(xué)們只要細(xì)心，就能在原文找到答案。D◎即學(xué)即用1：(2011寧波A篇)ChineseCafeMonday—SaturdayLunch

TakeAway12∶00—14∶00$5EachBoxLunch$6[Under10$4][Putwhateveryouwantintoonebox]Monday—ThursdayEvening17∶00—23∶00Dinner$11[Under10$6]EatInFriday—Saturday.EveningAllyoucaneat&Barbecue17∶00—23∶00FREEBottleofWineDinner$12[Under10$6]forEachTableofFourSundayLunch[Eveningandover18only]12∶00—15∶00Lunch$7[Under10$4]SundayEvening17∶00—22∶30Dinner$11[Under10$6]Enjoyyourmeal!Tel:46559651GreenAvenue.

Longbridge

()(1)Youcanseethisad________.A.atacafeB.atalibraryC.atschoolD.athome()(2)Wecangoforlunchat________onMonday.A.10∶30B.11∶45C.12∶30D.14∶30()(3)Mrs.Zhouwillspend________ifshegoesfordinneronFriday.A.$6B.$7C.$11D.$12ACD2．理解性問題：要求對(duì)文中個(gè)別難詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子做出解釋。解答這類題目時(shí)需要對(duì)有關(guān)的上下文，甚至整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解才能做出正確的選擇。【例2】

(2011衢州)Butcanyouimaginethatatreecantalkandsharenewstoo?Ofcourse,notreemoveslipsandsayswordsjustaspeopledo.Strangeasitmaysound,though,sometreesdomanagetocommunicatewitheachother.(

)50.theunderlinedword“l(fā)ips”inthefirstparagraphmeans________.A.樹干B.嘴唇

C.枝條D.手勢(shì)解析：本題屬于理解性問題。sayswordsjustaspeopledo意為

“像人一樣說話”，我們都知道人是移動(dòng)嘴唇說話的。因此

lips意為“嘴唇”符合題意。故選B。B【例3】

(2011溫州D篇)...DIYcanalsobedangerous.Forexample,anythingelectricalshouldbedonebyaprofessionalworker.Unluckily,manypeopledon’tcareaboutthiswarningandputthemselvesindanger.Itisreportedthatinjustoneyearover230,000peoplewerehurtwhiledoingDIYinUK,including41,000whofelloffladders.Therefore,DIYcanbringusfunandhelpussavemoney,butitisnotalwaysaseasyasitisthoughttobeifwebiteoffmorethanwecanchew.MaybefactoriesshouldmakeproductsthatareeasierandsaferforustoDIY.(

)40.Inthepassage,“webiteoffmorethanwecanchew”probablymeans________.A.wecaneateverythingwelikeB.weshoulddosomethingdifficultC.wedosomethingthatistoodifficultD.weeattoomuchfoodthatisnotsafeC解析：本題屬于理解性問題。從“DIYcanalsobedangerous.”，“oneyearover230,000peoplewere_hurtwhiledoingDIYinUK”及“itisnotalwaysaseasyasitisthoughttobeifwebiteoffmorethanwecanchew”中的加橫線的詞可判斷“DIY”是困難的。故選C。拓展對(duì)于詞匯題目，一定要根據(jù)上下文去確定詞義，切忌望文生義。在出現(xiàn)這種題目時(shí)，其下文往往有相應(yīng)的解釋，有的以破折號(hào)引出，有的以同義詞或短語(yǔ)引出，有的以該詞的反義形式說明，但無論哪種形式，在原文中都是會(huì)有相應(yīng)提示，解題時(shí)要多注意總結(jié)歸納?！蚣磳W(xué)即用2：ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.WhydopeopleusetheInternettoshop?Somepeoplesayitismoreconvenient.Theydon’thavetoleavetheirhomestoordersomething;theycanshopforanythingtheywantatanytime;theycanfindthingsforsalethattheycan’tfindinthestoresneartheirhomes.StillotherpeoplesaytheycanfindbetterpricesontheInternet.(2011重慶)()(1)TheChinesemeaningoftheword“convenient”inthispassageis“________”．

A.時(shí)髦的B.較近的

C.方便的D.可用的COnMay8th,2011,PremierWenJiabaomadehis10thvisittoSichuanProvinceaftertheearthquake.Hevisitedalotofmiddleschoolsandneighborhoods.AtBeichuanMiddleSchool,PremierWenembracedastudentnamedZhangHaiyang,wholostbothofhislegsintheearthquake.ThestudentstoldPremierWenthattheirnewschoolwasverybeautiful.Andtheywouldneverforgetthatitwasbuiltwiththeheartsandstrengthofpeopleacrossthewholecountry.(2011寧波)()(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“embraced”meaninParagraph5?A.Putarmsaroundhiminalovingway.B.Shookhandswithhiminafriendlyway.C.Bowedtohiminaverypoliteway.D.Smiledathiminaverykindway.A3．推理性題目：這種題目考生往往不能直接從文中找到答案，而需要根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M(jìn)行深層理解后，才能找到答案。有時(shí)甚至還得考慮作者的主旨、意圖等因素加以推理，才能獲得正確答案?！纠?】

ThedaybeforethesurgeryIwasoffschool,andmymomplannedthebestdayofmylife,everythingIlovedatsevenandeverythingthatwouldputasmileonmyface.Thedaybeganwithherwakingmeupsaying,“Kate,Ihaveasurpriseforyou.Comeandsee.”ThesurprisewasadollIhadwantedforthelongesttime.Throughouttheday,shetoldmeeverythingthatshethoughtIwouldneedtoknowtogrowupandbeagoodperson;shetoldmetobethebestIcouldbeandthatIwouldalwaysmakeherproud.Wehadapicnicinthepark,anditwassocoldthatwemovedtothecar.Thedaywasfilledwithlaughter.ForthefirsttimeinalongtimeIcouldseeshewasreallyhappy.Iwouldneverforgethersmile,orthewayhereyesshoneasifwewerethesameage.Itwasthebestdayofmylife,andIwillneverforgettheconversationsweshared.()Whatdidthewriter’smotherdothedaybeforethesurgery?A.Shestayedathometohaveagoodrest.B.Shewenttothedoctor’sforadvice.C.Sheturnedtoherfamilyforcomfort.D.Shestayedalldaywithherchild.D◎即學(xué)即用3：

Mymothermanagedtolivethroughthesurgery.NowwhenIlookback,IrealizethatthebestdayofmylifecouldbeherlastandthiscouldbethelastdayIwouldrememberwithher,thelastoneweshared.Ialsounderstandhowunselfishamotheris.()Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhat________.A.hermotherwasillagainB.thesurgerywasunsuccessfulC.hermotherwasgettingbetterD.thesurgerywassimpleC4．概括性題目：要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章做出歸納、概括或評(píng)價(jià)。解答這種題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)而斷章取義，比如涉及文章的標(biāo)題、主題、結(jié)論、結(jié)局等有關(guān)問題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)、專業(yè)知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯思維推理判斷，從而獲取文章中內(nèi)含的信息?！纠?】

(2011金華)Exceptforafewtimes,Americansarenotbigpresent-givers.There’snoexchangeofpresentsamongbusinesspeople,andifoneAmericantriestogiveanotherapresent,itmaylooklikethathewantstobribe(賄賂)him.Americanshavelearnedthatinsomeothercountriespeopleliketogivepresentstoothers,butamongourselveswedon’tseetheneedforpresents.Evenfriendsmayneverexchangepresents.WhenIgotoforeigncountries,Itrytobringbacklittlethingsforclosefriends,butnobodywouldfeelunhappyifIdidn’t.Idon’toftenrememberafriend’sbirthday,andfewpeopleoutsideofmyfamilyremembermine.Ifsomeonegavemepresentstoooften,I’dgetunpleasant.Butapresentfromaforeigner—thatkindfromhisorherhomeland—won’tgowrong,excepttogovernmentemployees(政府職員)whocan’tbegivenpresents.YouusuallyopenapresentatonceandinfrontofthepersonwhogivesitexceptChristmasandbirthdaypresents.Youshouldonlysay,“It’ssonice.Thanks...”whenyougetChristmasorbirthdaypresents.Youmaywanttobringabottleofwine(葡萄酒)orflowerstoadinnerparty,butyou’reneveraskedto.Nobodywillmindifyoubringwine,butyourfriendmaynotuseitthatevening.AtChristmasweoftengivepresentstoourfamilyandsometimesourfriends.Wealsogivepresentstopeoplewhohavebeenhelpfulduringtheyear—doormen,babysitters,housecleaners,newspapersenders—anyonewhohasoftenhelpedus.()60.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Present-givingintheUnitedStates.B.Customs(習(xí)俗)intheUnitedStates.C.Americanpeopleandpresent-giving.D.Whenandhowtogivepresents.A◎即學(xué)即用4：

DIY,whichmeansDoItYourself,isquitepopularinUK.LotsofstoresandsupermarketssellDIYthings.TVproprammesshowpeoplehowtoDIY.EnglishpeoplelikeDIY.ThereisasayinginUK—“AnEnglishman’shomeishiscastle”.Hugenumbersofpeoplespendtheirholidaysmakingtheirhomesbeautiful“castles”.Ifthereisanythingthatneedsfixingaroundtheirhouses,suchaspaintingthewallsorputtinginanewshower,theywilldothejobsthemselves.TheyshareDIYexperienceswiththeirfriends.MoreandmorepeoplehavediscoveredthejoyofDIY.SometimespeoplealsoDIYforsavingmoney.Withtheeconomicdownturnatpresent,manypeoplecannotaffordtobuyabiggerhouse.Theyarelookingathowtheycanmaketheirhousebetterwithoutspendingalotofmoney.ItisnotsurprisingthatDIYissopopular.DIYcanbedifficult.Ther