益生菌與肥胖

益生菌與肥胖Introduction（gutmicrobiota）Tentrillionto100trillion(1014)microorganismspopulatetheadultintestines.Thevastmajorityresideinthecolon,wheredensitiesapproach1011–1012cells/mL.Almostalloftheseorganismsarebacteria,andaminorityarearchaeons,eukaryotes,andvirusesThetwomostabundantbacterialphylainhumansandinmicearetheFirmicutes(60–80%)andtheBacteroidetes(20–40%)Thegutmicrobiotacompositiondependsonage,sex,geography,ethnicity,family,anddiet,andcanbemodulatedbyprebiotics,probiotics,andantibiotics.M.Millionetal.Gutbacterialmicrobiotaandobesity.2013Introduction（obesity）Themechanismsbywhichgutmicrobiotaaffectobesityinhumansarecomplicatedandlargelyunknown,theproposedstatementsmayconsistof:anexcessivebodilyenergyharvest,higherlevelsofSCFAstopromoteadipogenesis,overexpressionoftheobesity-relatedgenes,andincreasedproductionofLPSbygutmicrobiotacausingobesityandInflammationSCFAsincreaseintestinalabsorptionofmonosaccharides，modulatehostappetiteandfoodintake，influencelipidmetabolismbyincreas-inglipogenesis[9]andinhibitingfattyacidsoxidationDavideFestietal.Gutmicrobiotaandmetabolicsyndrome.2014JiaChenetal.DietEffectsinGutMicrobiomeandObesity.2014

JiaChenetal.DietEffectsinGutMicrobiomeandObesity.JournalofFoodSciencerVol.79,Nr.4,2014腸道菌群與肥胖腸道菌群與肥胖腸道菌群被認(rèn)為與人類的疾病、健康有著密切的聯(lián)系。除了對(duì)胃腸道功能的影響，還涉及肝臟、大腦、脂肪組織等。目前新的研究認(rèn)為腸道菌群與肥胖有著密切的聯(lián)系。肥胖人群的與正常人群相比，除能量代謝不平衡，在腸道菌群的組成上也存在差異。據(jù)說(shuō)肥胖與腸道中兩種菌（厚壁菌／擬桿菌）的比例相關(guān)。TulikaAroraetal.Probiotics:Interactionwithgutmicrobiomeandantiobesitypotential.2013腸道菌群與肥胖12名obeseadults隨機(jī)分為2組，分別給予low-fat、low-CHO飲食1年；與leanadults（normalweight）相比，這些obeseadults腸道中擬桿菌（Bacteroidetes）數(shù)量少，厚壁菌／擬桿菌（ratioofFirmicutes／Bacteroidetes）比值更高；leanadults減肥成功后，比值回到正常水平25overweightorobese與24normalweightchildren相比，雙歧桿菌含量更低，金黃色葡萄球菌的含量更高M(jìn)arinaSanchezetal.ChildhoodObesity:ARoleforGutMicrobiota?2015肥胖人群在腸道菌群的組成上與正常人存在差異

腸道菌群與肥胖圍產(chǎn)期益生菌干預(yù)對(duì)胎兒體重增長(zhǎng)10年的觀察研究159名孕婦隨機(jī)分成2組，在預(yù)產(chǎn)期前4周及產(chǎn)后6個(gè)月分別給予乳酸菌和麥芽糊精，結(jié)果顯示，這種早期的益生菌干預(yù)能預(yù)防胎兒過(guò)多的體重增加