歷年閱讀B篇專(zhuān)項(xiàng)考前匯總分析（浙江2016.10-2020.1）講義-高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

歷年閱讀B篇專(zhuān)項(xiàng)考前匯總分析（浙江2016.10-2020.1）七次高考總結(jié)：文章體裁：

五次說(shuō)明文，一次議論文，一次記敘文

文章話(huà)題：

三次環(huán)保類(lèi)話(huà)題：皇冠假日酒店的低碳環(huán)保項(xiàng)目和塑料袋和可重復(fù)使用紙袋，兩次生活類(lèi)話(huà)題：美國(guó)青少年的睡眠習(xí)慣和一種新型的慈善，一次學(xué)習(xí)類(lèi)話(huà)題：美國(guó)學(xué)生暑假的形成過(guò)程及人們對(duì)學(xué)生的假期的不同看法，一次社會(huì)類(lèi)話(huà)題：具衣認(rèn)知理論

主題意義：

關(guān)注環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題，關(guān)注自身特別是學(xué)生本身的話(huà)題，有人文情懷如慈善，也有社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的討論如具衣理論。語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)：

分總為多，但是總分和總分總也各一，結(jié)構(gòu)多樣化錯(cuò)誤題型

細(xì)節(jié)理解題，作者態(tài)度，主旨類(lèi)和詞義猜測(cè)解題揭秘：

細(xì)節(jié)理解題要尋找題目在文章中的出處，對(duì)句子進(jìn)行理解，也就是首先要定位文章的答案，再進(jìn)行理解。

作者態(tài)度題就是根據(jù)作者對(duì)事物的描述來(lái)判斷，特別是作者在文章中使用的形容詞。

主旨類(lèi)的題目就是要尋找到主題句，一般在段首或末段，也可以從文章中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞進(jìn)行判斷。

詞義猜測(cè)需要關(guān)注劃線(xiàn)部分所在句子的前后，從已知的句子的意思推斷未知的詞的意思，也可以根據(jù)一些詞如however，but等來(lái)判斷前后關(guān)系或根據(jù)所給的例子來(lái)推斷詞的意思。

題源出處

主要來(lái)自的網(wǎng)站：/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1816501,00.html

/entry/give-what-you-can-take-what-you-need-experiment_n_7610054

篇章字?jǐn)?shù)

字?jǐn)?shù)大約在：280左右

生詞率（超綱詞匯）幾乎沒(méi)有超綱單詞，最多是2017、11的考試，為4個(gè)生詞備考建議：

1要關(guān)注導(dǎo)向：要關(guān)注保護(hù)環(huán)境類(lèi)話(huà)題、要關(guān)注社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)現(xiàn)象，如有關(guān)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的理論，要關(guān)注自身成長(zhǎng)的話(huà)題如生活、學(xué)習(xí)等。

2要注重提升思維品質(zhì)培養(yǎng)，提煉自己的解題技能，細(xì)節(jié)理解題占的比例比較多，閱讀文章時(shí)要?jiǎng)澇鱿鄳?yīng)的句子。

3要專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)與綜合練習(xí)相結(jié)合。

4要注重限時(shí)訓(xùn)練，提高自己的解題速度和正確率。

大膽預(yù)測(cè)首考B篇：

體裁：說(shuō)明文的可能性大

語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)：分-總或總-分

話(huà)題分布：社會(huì)現(xiàn)象和高中生或大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活

字?jǐn)?shù)大約在：280左右

生詞率：0%-2%左右

題型關(guān)注度：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、主旨大意題、猜測(cè)詞義題題目與參考答案：

歷屆B篇題目以及參考答案：

私家英語(yǔ)整理

原題:2016、10

B

TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguestwhoisabletoproduceelectricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoagenerator(發(fā)電機(jī))，Theideaistogetpeoplefitandreducetheircarbonfootprint.Guestswillhavetoproduceatleast10watthoursofelectricity-roughly15minutesofcyclingforsomeoneofaveragefitness.GuestsstayingatPlazaHotelwillbegivenmeatticketsworth$36oncetheyhaveproduced10watthoursofelectricity.Thebicycleswillhavesmartphonesattachedtothehandlebarsmeasuringhowmuchpowerisbeinggeneratedforthehotel.

Theplan,aworld-first,willstarton19Aprilandrunforayear.Onlyguestsstayingatthehotelwillbeabletotakepart.FrederikkeToemmergaard,hotelspokeswoman,said,“Manyofourvisitorsarebusinesspeoplewhoenjoygoingtothegym.Theremightbepeoplewhowillcyclejusttogetafreemeal,butgenerallyIdon’tthinkpeoplewilltakeadvantageofourprogramme,”

Copenhagenhasalong-standingcyclingtraditionand36%oflocalscycletoworkeachday,oneofthehighestpercentagesintheworld,accordingtothewebsitevisitcopenhagen.dk.USenvironmentalwebsiterecentlyvotedCopenhagentheworld’sbestcityforcyclists.“BecauseCopenhagenisstronglyconnectedwithcycling，wefeltthebicyclewouldworkwellasasymbolofthehotel’sgreenprofile(形象)."

Ifsuccessful,theelectricbicyclemealprogrammewillbespreadtoallCrownePlazahotelsintheUK,thehotelsaidinastatement.

24.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefreemealprogramme?

A.Topromotethehotel'sgreenconcept.

B.Tomakethecityknowntotheworld.

C.Toattractpeopletothehotelrestaurant.

D.Togetgueststostaylongeratthehotel.

25.Howcanaparticipantgetafreemeal?

A.Bybecomingaprofessionalcyclist.

B.Bycyclingtoproducesomeelectricity.

C.Bylinkingasmartphonetoabicycle.

D.Bymonitoringhisorhercarbonfootprint.

26.Whoaremostlikelytoenterfortheprogramme?

A.Thepoorlocalpeople.

B.Theenvironmentactivists.

C.Health-conscioushotelguests.

D.VisitorsfondofCopenhagenfood.

27.Accordingtoparagraph3,Copenhagenhasoneoftheworld's_.

A.bestchainhotels

B.greenestnaturalenvironments

C.longestbikepaths

D.highestratesofpeoplecyclingtowork

原題：2017、06

B

GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(調(diào)查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.

Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest:mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?WatchTV.

“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(機(jī)會(huì))tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,”saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecanzxxkgetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.

Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto8:30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.

25.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?

A.Americankids’sleepinghabits.

B.Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases.

C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.

D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.

26.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?

A.7hours.

B.8hours.

C.10hours.

D.18hours.

27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?

A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.

B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.

C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.

D.Theydon’tneedtogotoschoolearly.

原題：2017、11

B

It'ssurprisinghowmuchsimplemovementofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink.Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful,crossingyourarmsmakesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights(領(lǐng)悟).

Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects,whatabouttheclotheswewear?We'reallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeelmoreattractive,sportyorprofessional,dependingontheclotheswewear,butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(認(rèn)知)performanceorisitjustafeeling?

AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople'spowersofattention.Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists,whoareinturnthoughttohavecloseattentiontodetail.

Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewhoweren't.Indeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).Theresearcherscalltheeffect"enclothedcognition,"suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferentways.

Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments.Isthewriterwhowearsafedoramorecreative?Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglassesandsmokingacigarmoreinsightful?Doesachef'shatmaketherestaurantfoodtastebetter?

FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingarticlesforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoattohelpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow.HopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown(學(xué)位服).

25.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.

B.Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceontheirfeelings.

C.Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.

D.Peopledoingdifferentjobsshouldweardifferentclothes.

26.AdamandGalinsky'sexperimenttestedtheeffectofclothesontheirwearers'______.

A.insights

B.movements

C.attention

D.appearance

27.Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?

A.Academic.

B.Humorous.

C.Formal.

D.Hopeful.

原題：2018、06

B

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺(tái)).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon'tdispute(質(zhì)疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.

B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.

D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.

B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.

D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeither

B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAway

D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

原題：2018、11

B

ThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparents'homes,sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn'talwaysbeenabirthrightofU.S.schoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars(日歷）,neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.Rural(農(nóng)村的）schoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48weeksofstudyayear,withonebreakperquarter.

Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcernthatruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak:itofferedarestforteachers,fitinthefarmingcalendarandreduceddoctors'concernthatpackingstudentsintohotclassroomswouldpromotethespreadofdisease.

Butpeople'sopinionaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isstilldivided.Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunderincreasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimetointernships（實(shí)習(xí)）orstudy,there'sstillroomforaninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.

24.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?

A.Enjoyasummervacation.

B.Takeabreakeachquarter.

C.Have48weeksofstudyayear.

D.Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.

25.Whatdidtheeducationalreformersdointhe1840s?

A.Theyintroducedsummervacation.

B.Theyshortenedruralschoolterms.

C.Theypromotedthestudyoffarming.

D.Theyadvocatedhigherpayforteachers.

26.WhyaresomepeopleunhappyaboutthemodemU.S.schoolyear?

A.Itpushestheteacherstoohard.

B.Itreducesthequalityofeducation.

C.Itignoresscienceinstruction.

D.Itincludesnotimeforinternships.

原題：2019、06

B

Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."

Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip（片段）showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.

“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.

Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.

“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”

24.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?

A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.

B.Moneynotlegallymade.

C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.

D.Moneynottiedtogether.

25.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?

A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.

B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.

C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.

D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.

原題：2020、01

B

Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroadsice-free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,likemozzarella.

Wisconsin,alsocalled“America’sDairyland,”isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear!Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.Disposingof(處置)thebrinecanbeexpensive.Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?

Normally,townsuserocksalttode-icestreets.Thesaltlowerswater’sfreezingpoint,causingicetomelt(融化).Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavemoney,whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater’sfreezingpoint.

Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherocksalt