靜電紡納米纖維在氣體傳感器的應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展

靜電紡納米復(fù)合纖維在氣體傳感器的應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展Researchdevelopmentonapplicationofelectrospinningnanocompositefiberingassensor朱蕾411組會(huì)報(bào)告----文獻(xiàn)綜述01靜電紡絲技術(shù)Electrospinning02氣體傳感器Gassensor03靜電紡絲纖維制備氣體傳感器研究進(jìn)展Researchdevelopmentofelectrospunfibersingassensor04總結(jié)與展望Conclusionandprospect目錄COMPANYPARTONE靜電紡絲技術(shù)Electrospinning靜電紡絲發(fā)展歷程Thehistoricaldevelopmentofelectrospinning年份發(fā)展歷程1934Formhals申請(qǐng)了制備聚合物超細(xì)纖維的靜電紡絲裝置專利1966Simons申請(qǐng)了由靜電紡絲法制備超薄、超細(xì)非織造膜的專利1981Larrondo等對(duì)聚乙烯和聚丙烯進(jìn)行了熔融靜電紡絲的研究1995Reneker研究組開(kāi)始對(duì)靜電紡絲進(jìn)行研究。靜電紡絲迅速發(fā)展1999Fong等對(duì)靜電紡絲納米纖維串珠現(xiàn)象及微觀結(jié)構(gòu)作了研究2000Spivak等首次采用流體動(dòng)力學(xué)描述靜電紡絲過(guò)程，并且提出了靜電紡絲的工藝參數(shù)。Reneker等研究了靜電紡絲過(guò)程的不穩(wěn)定性2003全面系統(tǒng)地研究靜電紡絲超細(xì)纖維微觀形貌的影響因素、表征、過(guò)程參數(shù)的改進(jìn)，以及靜電紡絲制取納米纖維后通過(guò)煅燒制備無(wú)機(jī)氧化物超細(xì)纖維等靜電紡絲技術(shù)Electrospinning靜電紡絲基本原理靜電紡絲裝置高壓電源、噴絲頭、接收板是組成靜電紡絲裝置的三大主要部分。高聚物作為纖維聚合材料，金屬、陶瓷、玻璃體作為纖維前驅(qū)物電壓100–500kVm-1電極間距離10-25cm靜電紡絲過(guò)程中，聚合物的表面張力與帶電液滴在噴絲頭末端處于平衡，隨著電壓的加大，液滴被逐漸拉長(zhǎng)形成錐體(Taylor錐)。當(dāng)電場(chǎng)增加到臨界值時(shí)，電荷斥力大于表面張力，射流從Taylor錐表面噴出。射流先后經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)穩(wěn)定和不穩(wěn)定的拉長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，變長(zhǎng)變細(xì)，同時(shí)溶劑揮發(fā)固化，以無(wú)序狀排列于接收裝置上，形成纖維氈(網(wǎng)或者膜)。靜電紡絲設(shè)備ExperimentalsetupforelectrospinningFigure1:AsetupforcoaxialelectrospinningFigure2.AnexperimentalsetupformultijetelectrospinningFigure4.Threeexperimentalsetupsforneedlelesselectrospinning.Figure3.Nanospider

靜電紡絲技術(shù)Electrospinning紡絲液性質(zhì)紡絲工藝參數(shù)環(huán)境參數(shù)聚合物分子量施加電壓溫度紡絲液粘度針頭到收集板的距離濕度紡絲液濃度紡絲液流量紡絲室氣流速度紡絲液電導(dǎo)率紡絲液彈力紡絲液表面張力靜電紡絲的影響因素ADDTITLEPleaseaddyourtitlehere,andyoucandirectlycopyandpasteyourtitlehere.MaintitleAddyourtitlehere,Themeaningofdesigntemplates.MaintitleAddyourtitlehere,Themeaningofdesigntemplates.MaintitleAddyourtitlehere,Themeaningofdesigntemplates.MaintitleAddyourtitlehere,Themeaningofdesigntemplates.PARTTWO氣體傳感器Gassensor氣體傳感器Gassensor.定義氣體傳感器是一種將檢測(cè)到的氣體類別、成分和濃度轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào)的傳感器。分類按照其氣敏材料來(lái)區(qū)分，可以分為金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體類，固體電解質(zhì)類，有機(jī)高分子類等；按器件的制作手段方法可以分為薄、厚膜型，燒結(jié)型；按所應(yīng)用探測(cè)氣體種類還可以分為：氧氣類傳感器、乙醇類傳感器和氫類傳感器等；按照原理來(lái)可分為：電學(xué)類、光學(xué)類、電化學(xué)類等氣體傳感器。氣體傳感器示意圖氣體傳感器的應(yīng)用Theapplicationofgassensor環(huán)境保護(hù)對(duì)汽車尾氣的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行控制、分析。醫(yī)療診斷檢測(cè)人體呼吸出來(lái)的氣體，診斷疾病，如腸胃功能紊亂、糖尿病、酒駕的檢測(cè)等家庭及工業(yè)安全控制并且檢測(cè)有害氣體。許多有毒氣體的檢測(cè)如NH3,H2S,CO,CO2,NOx、水蒸汽等。易燃易揮發(fā)有機(jī)化合物(VOCs)的檢測(cè)、有毒有害廢氣監(jiān)測(cè)。食品加工的領(lǐng)域芳香氣體類傳感器可以在烤肉、烤面包的過(guò)程中進(jìn)行檢測(cè)以保證食物新鮮。

太空中的應(yīng)用氧氣傳感器、監(jiān)測(cè)氫氣的泄漏等。氣體傳感器常用術(shù)語(yǔ)TermsofGassensor.響應(yīng)時(shí)間選擇性靈敏度元件在規(guī)定的工作條件下，其在一定的氣體濃度下的輸出（電壓、電流、電阻等，下同）與潔凈空氣或參比氣體中的輸出的差值或比值。傳感器接觸的氣體濃度發(fā)生階躍變化時(shí)，其輸出變化達(dá)到穩(wěn)定值的規(guī)定的百分比（一般為70%或90%）時(shí)所需的時(shí)間。指?jìng)鞲衅鲗?duì)氣體種類的識(shí)別能力。穩(wěn)定性在規(guī)定的工作條件下和一定的工作周期內(nèi)，傳感器的輸出變化不超過(guò)允許誤差的能力。在一定的工作條件下，傳感器的輸出變化超過(guò)允許誤差的時(shí)間。傳感器在規(guī)定測(cè)量范圍內(nèi)可能檢測(cè)出的被測(cè)量的最小變化量。

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