2024屆高考英語一輪總復習必修第一冊Unit4NaturalDisasters教師用書

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS一、閱讀詞匯——在詞塊中明義1．beaffectedbydrought 受旱災的影響2．thecrackedwaterpipes 破裂的水管3．rememberwordsincontext 語境記單詞4．a(chǎn)nactivevolcano 一座活火山5．thecrashofmetalonmetal 金屬對金屬的碰撞6．makeasummary 做總結二、表達詞匯——在語境中活用(一)在括號內(nèi)寫出藍體詞匯在語境中的漢語意思1．ThedroughtandflooddisasterisseriousinChina.(n.災害)2．Johnwasrescuedfromthefloods.(vt.營救)3．Smokingcausesseriousdamagetoyourhealth.(n.損害)4．Theaccidentdestroyedallmyhopes.(vt.摧毀)5．Thepeoplepresentatthemeetingweredeeplyaffectedbythestory.(vt.深深打動)6．Thegovernmentbuiltsheltersforthehomeless.(n.避難處；居所)7．Theelectricitytherewascutoffduetotsunami.(n.電；電能)8．Someoftheworkersweretrappedintheruins.(vt.使落入險境)9．Theendofthepostwasburiedintheground.(vt.埋葬)10．Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutweneedtomakegreaterefforts.(n.努力)11．Thelocalgovernmentdistributedthefoodsuppliestothevictimsaftertheearthquake.(n.補給品)12．Laughter,forme,isanemergencyexit.(n.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況)13．Youshouldstaycalminthefaceofdanger.(adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的)14．Thisjobwouldbeimpossiblewithouttheaidofacomputer.(n.援助；幫助)15．Shewavedherhandtosaygood-bye.(vt.揮動)16．Amassive8.0magnitudeearthquakestruckthatarea.(vt.侵襲)17．Howcanaspeakermakehimselfmorepersuasivewhendeliveringaspeech？(vt.發(fā)表)(二)寫出藍體詞匯的語境之義及拓展形式1．Wewereallshockedattheshockingnewshebroughtus.(adj.震驚的adj.令人震驚的)拓展：shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克2．Hebreatheddeeplybeforespeakingagain.(vi.呼吸)拓展：breathn．呼吸3．She'ssufferingfromlossofmemory.(vi.受苦)拓展：sufferingn．折磨；苦難4．Themanwasveryill,buthesurvived.(vi.存活)拓展：survivaln．幸存→survivorn．幸存者5．I'lldoeverythinginmypowertopreparewellforthecomingfinalexam.(n.力量)拓展：powerfuladj.強大的；有力的→powerlessadj.無力的；沒有能力的6．Smokinghasabadeffectonyourhealth,soyou'dbettergiveitup.(n.影響)拓展：effectiveadj.有效果的三、詞塊短語——在語境中辨義活用(寫出加黑部分在語境中的漢語意思)1．Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake.嚴重受損；破敗不堪2．Theboystoodthereingreatshock.震驚；吃驚3．Itisquitepleasanttodrinkteawithseveralfriendsintheopenair.露天；在戶外4．Hehastoomuchworkonhand.現(xiàn)有5．Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend,howeverbeautifulanexperienceis.結束6．Astormiscoming!Tiethingsdownbeforetheyblowaway！吹走四、經(jīng)典句式——在佳句背誦中品悟規(guī)則用法1.教材原句Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.(too...to...太……而不能……)雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進食；狗拒絕進入屋內(nèi)。寫作亮句①(2018·北京高考書面表達)Astheoldsayinggoes,“It'snevertoolatetolearn.”正如諺語所說，“活到老，學到老?！雹贖erlifewastoofulltofindtimeforhobbies.她的生活太忙，沒有業(yè)余愛好的時間。文化典句Itistoolatetogrievewhenthechanceispast.坐失良機，后悔已遲。2.教材原句Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！(asif引導表語從句或方式狀語從句)仿佛世界末日即將來臨！寫作亮句①(2020·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)Myrespectableheadteachertreatsmeasifsheweremymother.我尊敬的班主任像我的母親一樣對待我。②HespokeEnglishperfectlyasifhehadlivedinEnglandformanyyears.他英語講得非常完美，好像在英國居住了很多年似的。3.教材原句Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(bedoing...when...正在做……這時……)當時我和三個孩子正在吃早飯，海水開始灌入屋內(nèi)。寫作亮句(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷寫作)Shewaswonderingaboutitwhenthefatherturnedupandtoldhiswifeabouthowthetwinshadmadepreparationstogiveherasurprise.她正在疑惑，這時這位爸爸出現(xiàn)了，告訴妻子這對雙胞胎為了給她一個驚喜是如何做準備的。4.教材原句Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.(“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)＋of＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù))城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷。寫作亮句40%ofstudentsaregoodatlanguageinourclass.我們班40%的學生擅長語言。五、“續(xù)寫”片段——在背誦中品悟如何寫靚寫美動作描寫之動“嘴”Iwasstillrecallingthesplendidscenerywhenwewereinmygrandparents'livingroom.Davidexcitedlynarratedourexperience,eyesblazingwithenthusiasm.Worriescametohisforeheadwhenheexplainedthetroubles.Asmileliftedthecornerofhismouthwhenitcametocamping.SuddenlyMumshoutedoutinastrangevoice.Hauntedbyastrongsenseofhorror,IheardMumscreaming,“Iforgotthetent！”當我們在祖父母的客廳時，我仍在回憶那壯麗的景色。大衛(wèi)興奮地講述了我們的經(jīng)歷，眼睛里充滿了熱情。當他解釋麻煩事時，擔憂就浮現(xiàn)在他的額頭。說到露營時，他嘴角露出了笑容。突然，媽媽用一種奇怪的聲音大喊。在一種強烈的恐懼感的驅(qū)使下，我聽到媽媽尖叫著：“我忘了帶帳篷了！”[點評]本段中使用了narrateourexperience,eyesblazingwithenthusiasm,explain,Asmileliftedthecornerofhismouth,shoutoutinastrangevoice,scream等各種各樣的“嘴”之動作，生動形象地勾勒出了一個旅游后意猶未盡又出其不意的畫面。1．rescuen．&vt.營救；救援[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Tomrescuedaboyfromtheriveronhiswayhome.②Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldierscametoour(we)rescue.[系統(tǒng)歸納]go/cometosb.'srescue＝rescuesb. 救援某人rescue...from... 把……從……營救出來2．effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力[題點全練](單句語法填空/完成句子)①(2020·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)MyEnglishteachersparesnoeffortto_help(help)mewithmyEnglish.②Thelocalclubsaremakinganefforttointerestmoreyoungvolunteers.③Anotherreasonwhyweshouldnevergiveupisthatwecanlearnfromourmistakesonly_if_we_make_every_effort.另一個我們永不放棄的原因是：只有盡一切努力，我們才能從錯誤中學習。[系統(tǒng)歸納]makeanefforttodosth. 努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth. 不遺余力地做某事makeeveryeffort 盡一切努力3．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦[題點全練](單句語法填空/完成句子)①(2020·天津7月高考書面表達)Itistruethatwemaysufferfromfailurefromtimetotime.However,itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.②Thereisnodenyingthatour_Earth_is_suffering_severe_damage.不可否認，我們的地球正遭受著嚴重的破壞。[系統(tǒng)歸納]sufferfrom 受……折磨；患……病sufferpain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失敗/艱難/破壞4．supplyn．供應(量)；補給；[pl.]補給品vt.供應；供給[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Moreover,thecompetitionwillsupplyyouwithachancetodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudents.②Thenaturalresources,suchascoalandoil,areinshortsupplyinthiscountry.③Sincewe'llbewalkingforalmosttwoweeks,I'llneedtobuylargesuppliesof_foodandwaterinadvance.[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)supplysb.withsth.＝supplysth.tosb. 向某人提供某物(2)beinshortsupply 短缺alargesupplyof/largesuppliesof 大量……的供應5．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過[題點全練](單句語法填空)①(2021·全國甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathas_survived(survive)China'slonghistory.②Idon'tknowhowyouallmanagetosurviveonJeremy'ssalary.③AsfarasIknow，theoldladysurvivedherhusbandby5years.[系統(tǒng)歸納]survivesth. 幸免于；從……中挺/活過來surviveon 依靠……存活下來AsurviveB(by...) A比B活得長(……)6．powern．電力供應；能量；力量；控制力[題點全練](單句語法填空/完成句子)①Hehasbeeninpowerfortwoyears，andmadegreatachievements.②Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehecameinto/topower.③(2021年8省聯(lián)考卷)Hetriestomaketheaudiencebelievethathehasthepowerto_do(do)thingswhichareagainstthelawsofnature.④Unfortunately,it'sbeyondmypowertogetthroughtheworkinsuchashorttime.⑤(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)I_will_do_all/everything_in_my_power_to_liveuptoyourexpectations.我將竭盡全力不辜負你的期望。[系統(tǒng)歸納]beinpower 執(zhí)政；掌權cometo/intopower 掌權；上臺havethepowertodosth. 有能力做某事beyondone'spower 某人力所不能及的doall/everythinginone'spowertodosth. 盡力而為做某事；竭盡全力做某事1．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Manyyoungpeoplewereaffectedbyhisstory.Theybegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.②Affectedwithhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納beaffectedby受……的影響；被……感動beaffectedwith感染……疾病難點釋解(1)affect與effect僅一字母之差，詞性卻不同。名詞effect的常用搭配為“haveaneffecton”。(2)“被深深地感動”的其他常用表達：bedeeplymoved；bedeeplytouched；在使用這些動詞短語的非謂語形式作狀語時，常常使用其過去分詞形式。(3)haveanaffectionfor意為“喜歡……”，與動詞affect本意相差甚遠。[練重難點]介詞填空③Ihavemuchaffectionfor_mymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffectonme.句型轉換(把①句改為非謂語動詞短語作狀語)④Affected_by_his_story,_manyyoungpeoplebegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.2．ruinn．&vt.破壞；毀壞[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Withtimegoingon,thecastlewhichoncewasverybeautifulisnowcompletelyinruins.②Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeing_reduced(reduce)toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納lie/beinruins成為廢墟bereducedtoruins淪為廢墟辨析比較(1)ruin多用于借喻中，指毀壞價值、用途等。它還可作名詞，常用短語：inruins，意為“嚴重受損，破敗不堪”；(2)damage表示不是完全毀壞，損壞部分能修復。damage作名詞時，常用短語do/causedamageto，意為“對……造成損害”；(3)destroy指徹底毀壞以致很難修復，其名詞是destruction[練重難點]選詞填空(destroy,damage,ruin)③Manybuildingswerecompletelydestroyedintheearthquake.④Ittakestwentyyearstobuildareputationandfiveminutestoruinit.⑤Thesuncandamageyourskin.3．shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Ilookedatmyhusbandinshock,waitingforhimtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.Butheonlyshookhishead.②Iwasshockedto_hear(hear)thattheoldcastlehadbeendestroyed.③Allofuswereshockedat/bythenewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbytheheavyrain.[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納(1)inshock震驚；吃驚(2)shockedadj.震驚的；驚訝的beshockedat/by對……吃驚beshockedtodosth.做某事很吃驚(3)shockingadj.令人震驚的難點解釋(1)可數(shù)名詞shock意為“一件讓人震驚的事情”，常用詞塊agreatshocktosb.意為“讓某人極為震驚的事情”。(2)shocked表示人的心理狀態(tài)和心理感受；shocking說明事物的性質(zhì)、特征、特點等。[練重難點]選詞填空(shocked/shocking)/完成句子④Thesurvivorslayonthebeach,exhaustedandshocked.⑤Don'tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmaygiveawaytheshocking_ending.⑥Thenewswas_a_great_shocktothepoorgirlandshestartedtocry.(shockn．)這個消息讓這個可憐的女孩震驚了，她開始哭了起來。4．buryvt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使專心[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Theyoungman,whoalsoseemeddeeplyburiedinthought,raisedhiseyes.②Thegirlwassittingthere，burying(bury)herfaceinherhands.[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納beburiedinthought沉思buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面難點釋解(1)bury用作“使沉浸；使專心”之意時，其后常接反身代詞作賓語或使用被動語態(tài)，搭配為：buryoneselfin/beburiedin(埋頭于；專心于)(2)表示“專心于；致力于”的其他常用短語：bedevotedto；beabsorbed/engagedin；focuson；fix/concentrateone'sattentionon等[練重難點](單句語法填空/句型轉換)③Hesatatawoodentableandwas_buried(bury)inreading.④Heburiedhimself(he)inhisbookandcompletelyforgotthetime.⑤Hesatatawoodentable,buried_in_reading.(用分詞短語作狀語改寫③句)⑥Burying_himself_in_his_book，hecompletelyforgotthetime.(用分詞短語作狀語改寫④句)5．strikevi.&vt.侵襲；突擊；擊打n.罷工；罷課；襲擊[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Struck(strike)bythebeautyoftheWestLake,westoppedtoadmireit.②Meetingmydearteachersandfellowstudentsaftersomanyyearswasindeedawarmoccasion,oneI'dstrikeintomyheartforever.[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納bestruckby被……打動/迷住strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨銘心易錯提醒Itstrikessb.that...某人突然想起……sth.strikesb.某人突然想起某事sb.strikeonsth.某人突然想起某事以上三個句型，在英漢表達上存在著很大差異。[練重難點](完成句子/一句多譯)③It_struck_me_that_IwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.我突然想起來明天在上海有一個重要的會議。④我突然想起了一個好主意?！鶤_good_idea_struck_me.→I_struck_on_a_good_idea.6．cometoanend結束；終結[題點全練](完成句子)①Howtimeflies！Twoweekswentbybeforewerealizedthatourexchangeactivity_was_is_coming_to_an_end.時光飛逝！兩周已過，我們才恍然意識到交流活動即將要結束。[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納(1)attheendof在……盡頭；在……末端bytheendof到……結束時；到……時候為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)intheend最后；終于(2)put/bring...toanend/putanendto...使……結束(3)make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入為出辨析比較cometoanend意為“結束”，是不及物動詞短語，不能跟賓語，主語通常是物；而putanendto...與bring...toanend意為“使……結束”，均為及物動詞短語，后須跟賓語，主語通常為人。[練重難點]選詞填空(cometoanend/bring...toanend/putanendto...)②Thedirectorbroughtthefilmto_an_endinanamazingway.③Themeetingcame_to_an_endandweallsetdownmanykeypoints.④Eventually,theyput_an_end_tothequarrelandreachedanagreement.1．a(chǎn)sif引導表語從句或方式狀語從句[用法規(guī)則]asif＝asthough，意為“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引導表語從句或方式狀語從句。(1)如果所引導的從句表示的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生的情況時，從句要用陳述語氣。(2)當說話人所陳述的是不真實的或極少可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時，從句用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用一般過去時(be動詞用were)；與過去事實相反，用haddone；與將來事實相反，用would/could/might＋動詞原形。(3)asthough/if引導的從句中的主語和主句主語一致，且含有be動詞時，從句中的主語和be動詞常?？梢允÷?。[應用體驗](完成句子/句型轉換)①Hurryup!Itlooksasifthetrainis_going_to_move.快點！看起來好像火車要開了。②ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.Whyareyoutalkingtomeas_if_I_had_done_it?打破窗戶的是約翰。為什么你給我談話好像是我打破的似的？③Thekidsareveryfriendlywithherandevenlookuptoheras_if_she_were_their_own_mother.孩子們對她很友好，甚至把她當親生母親一樣尊敬她。④Theoldmanwaslyingonthegroundasifhewasbadlyhurt.→Theoldmanwaslyingonthegroundasifbadly_hurt.(狀語從句的省略)2．bedoing...when...正在做……這時……[用法規(guī)則](1)beabouttodosth.when...＝beonthepointofdoingsth.when...正要做某事，這時……(2)had(just)donesth.when...剛做完某事，這時……[應用體驗](完成句子/句型轉換)①Shewas_walking_along_the_bank_of_the_river_whensheheardacryforhelp.她正沿著河岸走，這時她聽到一陣呼救聲。②Ihad_just_turned_on_the_computer_whenmyparentscameback.我剛剛打開電腦，這時我父母回來了。③Seatedintheclassroom,IwasonthepointoftakingmybooksoutwhensuddenlyIbecamefrozen.→Seatedintheclassroom,Iwas_about_to_take_my_books_out_whensuddenlyIbecamefrozen.eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(寫作主題——自然災害與防范)))“自然災害與防范”主題與我們的生活息息相關。了解自然災害，積極應對自然災害，掌握與自然災害相關的安全常識和防范措施，樹立防災意識和自我保護意識，對我們來說尤其重要。該主題有利于引導學生重視自然災害，樹立環(huán)保意識和災害防范意識。StarsaftertheStorm(節(jié)選自外研版教材必修第三冊UNIT6)Afterthehurricane,wewerehomelessandmycat,Smartie,disappeared.(背景提示：颶風過后，失去家園和貓咪)?Livingintheopenair,webecamebreakfast,lunchanddinnerforthemosquitos.?ButMumsaidthatwhateverhappens,weshouldalwaystrytoseethegoodsideofthings.Itwasdifficulttostaypositive,though.Wehadlostourhomeandeverythinginit,includingSmartie.Allwehadleftweretheclothesonourbacks.ButasMumkeptonremindingus,wewerealltogetherandsafe.Mum'swordsmadeusfeelbetter.Irememberusalllyingunderthemidnightskyandlookingupatthestars.Becausetherewerenolights,wecouldseetheBigDipper,theLittleDipperandtheMilkyWay.Itwasamazing！Eventhoughwehadlostalot,momentslikethosegaveushopeforthefuture.(災難后的彷徨和媽媽的鼓勵)Althoughitwasonlyafewdaysbeforewewererescued,itfeltlikemonths.Weweretakentoanothertowninafarawaycounty.Thankfully,Smartiecamehomejustintime.Weweresohappytotakehimwithus,althoughthen,noneofusknewthatwewouldn'tbebackforquiteawhile(幾天后：獲得救援)．Now,oneyearhaspassedandI'mbackhomeinNewOrleans.?Somefamilieshaveyettoreturn,butmanyothershavecomeback.Althoughwearesurroundedbyremindersofthedisaster,weareworkingtogethertorebuildourhomesandourlives.NowwehaveanotherchancetolookupatthestarsofNewOrleans,theirbeautyinspiringusandgivingusconfidencetomoveon.(一年后：重建家園)由教材學寫法1．學亮點詞匯第一段中使用兩個but和一個though形象地描寫了災難之后失去家園和貓咪的痛苦和媽媽的不斷鼓勵，為下文提到星空和希望做了鋪墊；在描寫星空時用了amazing一詞，寫出了作者對生活重新燃起了希望。第二段中的thankfully一詞道出了作者對貓咪回家的欣喜之情。第三段中的inspire和moveon寫出了星空之美鼓舞著“我們”，讓“我們”有信心繼續(xù)前行，重建美好生活。2．學高級句式句?運用whatever引導的讓步狀語從句，強調(diào)了“無論發(fā)生什么，我們都應該看到事情好的一面”。句?是一個but連接的并列句，意在強調(diào)but后第二分句的內(nèi)容——有許多人已經(jīng)回來了。強調(diào)了人們重建家園的努力，突顯了希望。3．學行文邏輯本文是一篇記敘文。作者按照時間順序講述了自己一次災難過后的經(jīng)歷。颶風過后，無家可歸→幾天后獲救→一年后，重建家園。貫穿文章的還有人物心理的變化，從最初的慌亂、悲觀到與貓咪重逢的喜悅再到對新生活的信心。另外，對星空的數(shù)次描寫，對于情節(jié)開展起到了推動的作用，整篇文章寫景敘事抒情融為一體。4．學修辭手法句?中，作者將他們一家人比作蚊子的一日三餐，使讀者對其當時所處的惡劣環(huán)境留下了鮮明的印象，既令文章更生動，又容易引起讀者共鳴。Ⅰ.多積詞塊——豐富表達方式1．donate...to... 向……捐贈……2．cometoone'srescue 前來營救某人3．betrappedinruins 被困在廢墟中4．rebuildone'shome 重建某人的家園5．takemeasures/stepstodosth. 采取措施做某事6．be/becomeawareof/that... 意識到……7．tomakemattersworse 更糟糕的是8．thanksto 因為，由于，幸虧9．befacedwith 面臨10．wipeout 徹底摧毀11．fightwith 與……作斗爭12．recoverfrom 從……中恢復13．a(chǎn)strongwill 堅強的意志14．sufferfrom 遭受15．inharmonywithnature 與自然和諧相處16．helpinghands 援手Ⅱ.多積佳句——彰顯表達功底1．Asevereearthquakedestroyedalmosteverything,leavingbadlydamagedbuildings.一場劇烈的地震幾乎毀了一切，留下了嚴重受損的建筑物。2．Sometimesasmileissopowerfulthatitgivespeoplesufferingfromdisastersgreatcourage.有時候，微笑會如此有力量，以至于它給遭受災難的人以巨大的勇氣。3．Theearthquakecausedstructuraldamagetomostofthebuildingsinthetown.這次地震給城鎮(zhèn)的大部分建筑造成了結構性的破壞。4．Thecountryhasprovidedfoodandclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthedisaster-strickenareas.這個國家已經(jīng)為災區(qū)無家可歸的人們提供了食品和衣物。5．Havingrealizedthegreatharmcausedbythehazeandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment,peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethehazyweather.由于意識到了霧霾造成的嚴重危害和保護環(huán)境的重要性，全國人民正采取措施減少霧霾天氣。6．Recentyearshaveseenabigincreaseinnaturaldisasters,suchasearthquakes,hurricanesandfloods,whicharebigthreatstopeople'slives.最近幾年自然災害頻發(fā)，例如地震、颶風和洪水，嚴重地威脅著人們的生命。7．Peoplehaverealizedthegreatharmcausedbythesmogandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.人們已經(jīng)意識到霧霾引起的危害和保護環(huán)境的重要性。8．Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld,changingsomelivingpatterns.全球變暖正對世界各地成百上千的動植物物種產(chǎn)生巨大的影響，改變了一些生活模式。一、作文仿寫出亮篇假定你是李華，你從電視新聞上得知你的土耳其朋友西琳(Shirin)所在的城市發(fā)生了地震。請你給她寫一封信，要求80詞左右，內(nèi)容包括：1．詢問是否安好；2．地震帶來的影響(發(fā)生5.6級地震，造成1人死亡，69人受傷)；3．愿意盡力提供幫助。Dear_Shirin，How_are_you_doing?_When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city._I_was_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.I'm_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster._One_person_was_killed,_69_others_were_injured_after_a_5.6_magnitude_quake_hit_your_city._Besides,_lots_of_buildings_fell_down._I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_was_injured.Please_don't_be_worried._Everything_will_be_fine._If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know._As_one_of_your_best_friends,_I_will_do_what_I_can_to_help_you.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua二、續(xù)寫語段思維活結合主題，根據(jù)下面給出的開頭語和前文情節(jié)脈絡續(xù)寫一個80詞左右的片段。前文情節(jié)脈絡：巨大的龍卷風襲擊了密蘇里州，“我”父母的家被嚴重損壞→當“我”的父母安全離開后，他們希望“我”能保存一些他們的書和照片→不幸的是，雨不停地落在“我”想要保護的書和照片上，一切似乎都無望了→一個瘦弱的老人出現(xiàn)在“我”身邊，幫助“我”挽救了這些珍貴的書和照片。Suddenly,outofnowhere,athin,elderlymanappearedbymyside.參考范文：Suddenly,outofnowhere,athin,elderlymanappearedbymyside.Shocked,Itookastepback,buthesaidinacomfortingvoice,“Everythingisgoingtobealright.”Hetoldmeheheardaboutthedisasterandcametohelp.Seeingeverythinginsidewasgoingtoberuined,hewentthroughtheraintowardthehouse,tryingtogetacoveroverthehouse.IwasplacingseveralphotoalbumsandbooksintoplasticbagsforprotectionfromtherainwhenIrealizeditwasnolongerraininginthehouse.Lookingup,Isawrubbery-lookingmaterialcoveringtheroof.He'ddoneit.IwassogratefulforhishelpbecausenowIcouldsavemoreofmyparents'cherishedpossessions.Themanwasalightinthedarkness.課時作業(yè)(一)語篇閱讀訓練——保準度Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2023·德陽二模)AfterbeingattackedbyHurricaneIda's150mphwindsandtorrentialrains,hundredsofthousandsofGulfCoastresidentswereleftwithoutpowerandfreshwaterthisweekasa100-degreeheatwavesettledovertheregion.IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane,rippingoffroofs,knockingouttransmissionlines,floodingroads,andreducingsomebrickbuildingsindowntownNewOrleanstorubble.Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestormandthe_tollisexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.OneofthemostpowerfulhurricanestoeverhittheUSmainland,Idabroughta5to12-footstormsurgethatcoveredlow-lyingcommunitiesinsoutheasternLouisiana.GrandIsleisnow“uninhabitable”，saidParishPresidentCynthiaLeeSheng,with3feetofsandcoveringtheentirebarrierislandand40percentofthebuildingscompletelydestroyed.ThestormcausedacitywideblackoutinNewOrleans,butaHurricaneKatrina-leveldisasterwasavoidedthere,thanksinparttotheD|S14.5billionspentonnewlevees,seawalls,andpumpsafterthe2005storm.ExpertsarewarningthatIdacouldworsentheCovidcrisisintheGulfCoast,asresidentscrowdtogetherinhomesandemergencyshelterswithoutimmediateaccesstotestingormedicalcare.ICUsinLouisiana,Mississippi,andAlabamahospitalswerealreadynearcapacitybeforethestormhit.Nearly1millionpeoplearestillwithoutpoweracrossLouisiana,andauthoritieswarneditcouldbeweeksbeforeelectricityisrestored.“Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，”saidGov.JohnBelEdwards,“donotreturnhere.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了颶風艾達給墨西哥灣沿岸居民造成的破壞，以及人們?yōu)暮笾亟ǖ那闆r。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHurricaneIda?A．Mild. B．Destructive.C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane...asemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.”可推知，颶風艾達極具破壞性。故選B。2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thetoll”meaninParagraph1?A．Thedeathnumber. B．Theheatwave.C．Thewindspeed. D．Thecitywideblackout.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestorm”以及后文“isexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses”可知，至少有8人在風暴中死亡，且隨著緊急救援人員搜索被毀的房屋和企業(yè)，預計死亡人數(shù)還會上升。畫線詞意思是“死亡人數(shù)”。故選A。3．WhatisoneofthereasonsforGrandIsletobeuninhabitable?A．Theentireislandiscoveredwithsand.B．Itisoneofthelow-lyingcommunities.C．Theresidentstherecan'twaittoleave.D．Overhalfofitsbuildingswereinruins.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“GrandIsleisnow‘uninhabitable，’saidParishPresidentCynthia...completelydestroyed.”可知，這個地方不適合居住的原因之一是整個島被沙子覆蓋了。故選A。4．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheattitudeofGov.JohnBelEdwardstowardstheprospectofLouisiana?A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，’saidGov.JohnBelEdwards，‘donotreturnhere.’”可推知，JohnBelEdwards州長對路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的態(tài)度。故選D。B(2023·石家莊模擬)Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.“Thespace-timepatternofanimalprecursors(預兆)andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar，”Woithsaid.“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof，”Woithsaid.Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchersaskanumberofyes-or-noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including“Istheexperimentalsetupandmonitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible？”and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreallyunusual？”Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。盡管每次地震過后總有動物異常行為的報道，然而動物能夠預測地震這種結論缺乏科學依據(jù)。動物的異常行為只能說明對前震有所反應，并不能說明它們可以預測地震。5．HowdidWoithconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingformerreports.B．Byobservinganimals'behavior.C．Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.D．Bycomparinganimals'differentresponses.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，Woith評估了很多動物異常行為的報告，從而去指導研究。故選A。6．WhatisWoith'snewfinding?A．Tigersbecomedepressedeasily.B．Certainanimalshavesuperpower.C．Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks.D．Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容和第四段中“From...theearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”可知，并沒有足夠的證據(jù)說明動物能夠預測地震，但是它們會對前震有反應。故選C項。7．Whatsurprisedthescientistsinthestudy?A．Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.B．Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.C．Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.D．Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Amajorsurprise...scientificproof”可知，之前的觀點大多都是建立在觀察數(shù)據(jù)基礎之上的，不能作為科學證據(jù)。故選D項。8．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.B．Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.C．Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.D．Whypeoplestudyanimals'behaviorinearthquakes.解析：B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段和最后一段內(nèi)容可知，文章在討論動物是否具有預測地震的超能力。故選B項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblorrockedSouthernCaliforniaonJuly5,2019,just34hoursafteramagnitude6.4earthquakehitthesamearea.Thislatesteventwaswidelyfelt.__9__Aftershocksareexpectedtocontinue.Earthquakesarealsocalledtemblors.__10__It'shardtoimaginetheyhappenbythethousandseverydayaroundtheworld,usuallyintheformofsmalltremors.Some80%ofalltheplanet'searthquakeshappenalongtherim(邊緣)ofthePacificOcean.__11__Thatisbecauseofalotofvolcanicactivitythere,aswell.Scientistsgiveamagnituderatingtoearthquakesbasedonthestrengthanddurationoftheirseismic(地震的)waves.Amagnitudeof3to4.9isconsideredminororlight;5to6.9ismoderate(中等的)tostrong;7to7.9ismajor;and8ormoreisgreat.__12__Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear.Earthquakesmayalsoleadtoothernaturaldisasters.Smallertemblorsthatusuallyhappeninthedaysfollowingalargeearthquakecancausefurtherdeathanddamage.__13__A．Itiscalledthe“RingofFire”．B．Theycancausehugedamage.C．Protectyourselfasquicklyaspossible.D．Infact,amagnitude8quakestrikessomewhereeveryyear.E．Lossoflifecanbeavoidedthroughplanningandeducation.F．Oneimportantwayistotrytomakeyourhomeassafeaspossible.G．ItcausedseveralfiresanddamagetobuildingsandroadsinRidgecrestandnearby.語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章以2019年發(fā)生在加利福尼亞州的地震為例介紹了地震的相關知識。9．選G上文中提到加利福尼亞州發(fā)生了7.1級地震，G項指出了此次地震所造成的結果，其中的It指代上文中的“Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblor”。10．選BB項中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B項中的“causehugedamage”與下文中的“It'shardtoimaginetheyhappen”語義上形成連貫，指出地震的危害。11．選A下文中的“alotofvolcanicactivitythere”解釋了A項中“RingofFire”——環(huán)太平洋火山帶的含義。12．選DD項承接上文中的“8ormoreisgreat”，與下文中的“Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear”之間是并列關系，指出了全球每年地震發(fā)生的概況。13．選E上句提到大地震之后發(fā)生的震級較小的地震會造成進一步的死亡與損失。E項指出了避免造成這一損失的方法與措施。Ⅲ.完形填空Everyfamilyshouldhaveanemergencykitintheirhome.Ifthereisanearthquakeorahurricane,forexample,therecouldbea__14__cut,orthewatercouldgetpolluted.Youmightbe__15__atyourhomeforseveraldaysbecauseofastormoraflood.Havinganemergencykit__16__couldhelpifanythinglikethis__17__.Youremergencykitmightincludethefollowing__18__：Thefirstaidkitshouldincludealcohol,cottonwool,bandages,painkillers,cleanbottledwaterandburnointment.Itis__19__tokeepnon-perishable(不易腐壞的)foodsupplies.Inotherwords,foodthatwon'tspoil(變質(zhì))outofthefridge，suchascannedfood.Thereshouldbe__20__foodforthreedays.Itisbetterifthefooddoesnothavetobecooked.Don't__21__thecanopener!I