2018年職稱英語綜合B真題及答案

2014年職稱英語《綜合B》真題及答案（代碼22）第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線,請從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolenee.supportlimitregulateoppose答案：AHisstomachfelt hollowwithfear.emptysineererespectful

terrible答案：AHisprofessionalcareer spannedstartedchangedmovedlasted答案：DHisknowledgeofFrenchisfair.veryusefulverylimitedratherspecialquitegood答案：D16years.let-down.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingof16years.let-down.disappointmentexcitementangercalm答案：A6」twasamagicnightuntilthe spellwasbroken.charmtimespaceopportunity答案：ATheworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning.partspainsaspectsresults答案：BHeledavery morallife.humanintelligentnaturalhonorable答案：DTheyaretryingto identifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.discoverproveconsiderimagine答案：A1O.Severalwindowshadbeen smashed.cleanedreplacedbrokenfixed答案：CLondonquicklybecamea flourishing port.successfulmajorlargecommercial答案：BThecommitteewasaskedto renderareportonthehousingsituation.copypublishsummarize

furnish答案：DThecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoohiddentraditionalofficialinflexible答案：DThemajorityofpeoplearoundherearerealhonestnormalwealthy答案：Drigid.decent.15.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.rigid.decent.homeworkactjusticemodel答案：B第二部分：閱讀判斷下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇CoTheMostWonderfulIslandsThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificial islandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubai,intheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastourist,leisure,andresidentialresorts,andwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres.Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsideration oftheenvironmentalissues,construction startedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperieneeofreclaiming landfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocess,theislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent（ 月狀的）structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea.Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17fronds,orleaves,comingoffthetrunk.Thefirstisland,namedPalmJumeirah,hasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunk,andluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004,theywereallsoldwithinthreedays.ThesecondpalmJebelAli,wasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas（ 小游艇船塢）areplanned,withawaterthemepark,andhomebuiltonstilts（ 樁柱）inthewater.ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislands,withalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5km,anarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialproperties,marinas,shoppingmalls,sportsfacilities,andclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists.Moreartificial islands, theWorldIslands, arenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestates,privatehomes,communityislands,andresorts.Unquestionably,theseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai 'sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion.SomeDutchengineersareexperieneedinreclaiminglandfromthesea.RightWrongNotmentioned

答案：BTheislandsarebeingbuiltinthedeepwaterofthesea.RightWrongNotmentionedfromthe答案：BfromtheRocksforbuildingthe breakwaterweretakenWorldofIslands.RightWrongNotmentioned答案：CAlltheluxuryhomesonPalmJumeirahweresold.RightC.Notmentioned答案：AThewaterthemeparkinJebelAliwillattractmoretourists.RightWrongNotmentioned答案：CThePalmDeirawillbethesamesizeasParis.RightWrongNotmentioned答案：BTheworldIslandsarebiggerthanthePalmJumeirah.RightC.Notmentioned答案：A第三部分：概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測試，任務(wù)：(1)1-4題要求從所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；(2)第5-8題要求從所給的5個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。TheStorytellerI.StevenSpielberghasalwayshadonegoal:totellasmanygreatstoriestoasmanypeopleaswilllisten.Andthat'swhathehasalwaysbeenabout.Thesonofacomputerscientistandapianist,SpielbergspenthisearlychildhoodinNewJerseyand,later,Arizona.Fromtheverybeginning,hisfertileimaginationfilledhisyoungmindwithimagesthatwouldlaterinspirehisfilmmaking.2.Evendecadeslater, Spielbergsayshehasclearmemoriesofhisearliestyears,whicharetheoriginsofsomeofhisbiggesthits.HebelievesthatE.T.istheresultofthedifficult yearsleadinguptohisparent's1966divorce,“Itisreallyaboutayoungboywhowasinsearchofsomestabilityinhislife.”“Hewasscaredofjustabouteverything,”recallshismother,LeahAdler.“Whertreesbrushedagainstthehouse,hewouldheadintomybed.Andthat'sjustthekindofscarystuffhewouldputinfilmslikePoltergeist. ”3.Spielbergwas11whenhefirstgothishandsonhisdad'smoviecameraandbeganshootingshortflicksaboutflyingsaucersandWorldWarIIbattles.Spielberg'stalentforscarystorytellingenabledhimtomakefriends.OnBoyScoutcampingtrips,whennightfell,Spielbergbecamethecenterofattention.“Stevenwouldstarttellinghisghoststories,”saysRichardY.HoffmanJr.,leaderofTroop294, “andeveryonewouldsuddenlygetquietsothattheycouldallhearit. ”SpielbergmovedtoCaliforniawithhisfatherandwenttohighschoolthere,buthisgradesweresobadthathebarelygraduated.BothUCLAandUSCfilmschoolsrejectedhim,soheenteredCaliforniaStateUniversityatLongBeachbecauseitwasclosetoHollywood.Spielberg wasdeterminedtomakemovies,andhemanagedtogetanunpaid,non-credit internship（實(shí)習(xí)）inHollywood.Soonhewasgivenacontract,andhedroppedoutofcollege.Heneverlookedback.Now,manyyearslater,Spielbergisstilltellingstorieswithasmuchpassionasthekidinthetent.Askhimwherehegetshisideas,Spielbergshrugs. “Theprocessformeismostlyintuitive （憑直覺的）,”hesays.“TherearefilmsthatIfeelIneedtomake,foravarietyofreasons,forpersonalreasons,forreasonsthatIwanttohavefun,thatthesubjectmatteriscool,thatIthinkmykidswilllikeit.AndsometimesIjustthinkthatitwillmakealotofmoney,likethesequel（ 續(xù)集）toJurassicPark.”AnaimoflifeAfunnymanC」nspirationsforhismoviesTellingstoriestomakefriendsThetroubleofmakingmoviesGettingintothemoviebusinessParagraph1 AParagraph2 C Paragraph3 D Paragraph4 F alotofmoneyanumberofreasonsalmosteverythinghischildhoodmemoriestellingscarystoriesmakingchildrenlaugh27.SomeofSpielberg'smostsuccessfulmoviescamefrom D___28.WhenSpielbergwasaboy,heusedtobescaredof C 29.Spielbergisverygoodat E 3O.Spielbergsayshemakesmoviesfor B 第四部分：閱讀理解。短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇TheMakingofaSuccessStoryIKEAistheworld'slargestfurnitureretailer,andthemanbehinditisIngvarKamprad,oneoftheworld'smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs. BorninSwedenin1926,Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachild,heenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromselling matches,seeds,andpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17,hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness一IKEA.TodayIKEAisknownforitsmodern,minimalistfurniture1,butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.Rather,IKEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoods.Kamprad'swaresincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices2,includingwatches,pensandstockings.IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad'shome.Initialsaleswereveryencouraging,soKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinessthatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951.In1953IKEAopeneditsfirst showroominAlmhult,Sweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettings,butintheearly1950s,peopleorderedfromcatalogues.Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:peoplelovedbeingabletoseeandtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955,IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture.In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport. Kampradwasinspired. Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:flatpackaging3.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.Theproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselves,butovertime,eventhisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.Nowadays,IKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompany,leadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion.Todaythereareover200storesin32countries. Amazingly,IngvarKampradhasmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-heldcompany.In2004hewasnamedtheworld'srichestman.He

keepscurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromthekeepsday-to-dayoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitself,though,justongrowing.KampradestablishedIKEAwithhispersonalsavings.hisfather 'srewardforhisschoolperformanee.largeprofitsfromsellingthings.Hisschool'ssupport答案：BTheauthorstatesinParagraph5thatflatpaekagingneedfather'srewardforhisschoolperformanee.isabusinessconceptinspiredbyKamprad.helpreducetransportationcosts.makethecompanyself-sufficient答案：CAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A」KEAexperieneedrapidexpansionsineethelate1950s.B」KEAdesigneditsownproductssinee1955.C」KEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoodsoriginally.Kampradsoldhiscompanyafterretirement.答案：DWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsIKEA'sfutureaccordingtothelastparagraph?A」ndifferent.Doubtful.Optimistic.Pessimistic.答案：CThepassageisdevelopedprimarilyintermsofanalysisofaprocessExamplesthatillustrateaproblem.Comparisonandcontrast.Sequeneeofevents.答案：D第二篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligencesItpaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenee andwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence .Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividual orgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligenee.Thebrainofintelligeneepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligeneeshowaquickerreaetion.Someresearcherseoneludethatdifferencesinintelligeneeresultfromdifferences inthespeedandeffectiveness ofinformationprocessingbythebrain.HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn'tbetestedbyoneintelligeneetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenee exists,hedoesn'tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligences allowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferent abilitieswithintheseintelligences .Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences.Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,interpersonal,intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic（ 身體動(dòng)覺的）,andnaturalistic.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Theimportanceofintelligence.Thedevelopmentofintelligencetests.Howtounderstandintelligence.Howtobecomeintelligent.答案：CWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralintelligence?Mostintelligentpeopledowellonsomeintelligencetests.Intelligentpeopledonotdowellongrouptests.Intelligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoraltests.Peopledoingwellononetypeofintelligeneetestdowellonothertests.答案：DGardnerbelievesthat .allehildrenarealike.ehildrenhavedifferentintelligences.ehildrenshouldtakeoneintelligeneetest.thereisnogeneralintelligenee.答案：BAccordingtoGardner,sehoolsshould .promotedevelopmentofallintelligences.teststudents'IQs.trainstudentswhodopoorlyontests.focusonfindingthemostintelligentstudents.答案：A4O.Gardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa .musicalfoundation.intrapersonalfoundation.linguisticfoundation.biologicalfoundation.答案：D第三篇TheWorker'sRoleinManagementTraditionally,ithasbeentheworker'sroletoworkandmanagement'sroletomanage.Managershaveplannedanddirectedthefirm'soperationswithlittlethoughtofconsultingthelaborforce.Managershaverarelyfeltcompelled（被迫的）toobtaintheworker'sopinionsortoexplaintheirdecisionstotheiremployees.Atmost,companieshaveprovided"suggestionboxes"inwhichworkerscouldplaceideasforimprovingprocedures.Inrecentyears,however,manymanagementspecialistshavebeenarguingthatworkersaremorethansellersoflabor theyhaveavitalstakeinthecompanyandmaybeabletomakesignificantcontributionstoitsmanagement.Furthermore,majorcompanydecisionsprofoundlyaffectworkersandtheirdependents.Thisisparticularlytrueofplantclosings, whichmayputthousandsontheunemploymentlines.Shouldworkers,then,playastrongerroleinmanagement?Workersshouldhavearoleinmanagement.Attheveryleast,thelaborforceshouldbeinformedofmajorpolicydecisions.(Acommoncomplaintamongrank-and-fileworkersisthelackofinformationaboutcompanypoliciesandactions.)Between1980and1985aboutfivemillionworkerswerethevictimsofplantclosingsandpermanentlayoffs( 失業(yè)),oftenwithnowarning.Atleast90day'snoticeoughttobegiveninsuchinstancessothatworkershavetimetoadjust.Managementshouldconsultworkersbeforeclosingaplant,becausetheworkersmightbeabletosuggestwaysofimprovingproductivityandreducingcostsandmightbewillingtomakeconcessionsthatwillhelpkeeptheplantoperating.Itshouldbecomeageneralpracticetoincludeworkersinsomemanagerialdecisionmaking.Thereoughttoberepresentatives oftheworkersonthefirm'sboardofdirectorsorothermajorpolicymakinggroups.Ifrank-and-fileworkersaregivenavoiceintheplanningandmanagementoftheworkflow,theywillhelptomakeimprovement,theirmoralewillrise,andtheirproductivitywillincrease.Asafurtherincentive, theymustbegivenashareinthecompany'sprofits.Thiscanbedonethroughemployeestockownershipplans,bonuses,orrewardsforefficiency andproductivity. Finally,whenaplantcannoIongeroperateataprofit,theworkersshouldbegiventheopportunitytopurchasetheplantandrunitthemselves.41」tcanbeinterredfromParagraph1thatmanagers .werenotqualifiedseldomobtainedworkers 'opinionsdisliked “suggestionboxes”neverconsultedthelaborforce.答案：A42」nrecentyears,manymanageme^specialistshavebeenarguingthatworkers .shouldhaveasayinmanagementofthecompany.arenoIongersellersoftheproductsarelessaffectedbycompanydecisionsthanbefore.areabletomakefinaldecisionsforthecompany.答案：ATheword “rank-and-life ”Paragraph2isclosestinmeaningto .seniorordinaryintelligentcapable答案：BAccordingtothepassage,whathappenedbetween1980and1985?Aboutfivemillionworkerswerelaidoffwithoutadvaneenotice.Managersconsultedworkersbeforeclosingaplant.Workersdidnotmakenecessaryconcession.Manycompanieswereclosedbecauseofstrikes.答案：A45」tnotgivenavoiceinmanagenaldecisionmakingworkers .maylacktheincentivetoincreasetheirproductivity.cannotgetashareinthecompany'sprofits.canstillgetbonusesforefficiency andproductivity.willnothavetheopportunitytopurchasetheplant.答案：A第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。TheDayaLanguageDiedWhenCarlosWestezdiedattheageof76,aIanguagedied,too.Westez,morecommonlyknownasRedThunderCloud,wasthelastspeakeroftheNativeAmericanIanguage.Catawba.AnyonewhowantstohearthesongsoftheCatawbacancontacttheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington,D.C.,where,backinthe1940s,RedThunderCloudrecordedaseriesofsongsforfuturegenerations. (46)TheyareallthatisleftoftheCatawbaIanguage.TheIanguagethatpeopleusedtospeakisgoneforever.Weareallawareofthedamagethatmodernindustrycandototheworld'secology(生態(tài)).However,fewpeopleareawareoftheimpactwidelyspokenIanguageshave onotherIanguagesandwaysoflife. Englishhasspreadallovertheworld.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,andHindihavebecomepowerfullanguages,aswell, (47).Whenthishappens,hundredsofIanguagesthatarespokenbyonlyafewdieout.Scholarsbelievethereareabout6,000Ianguagesaroundtheworld,butmorethanhalfofthemcoulddieoutwithinthenext100years.Therearemanyexamples,ArakiisanativeIanguageoftheislandofVanuatu,locatedinthePacificOcean.Itisspokenbyonlyafewolderadults ,solikeCatawba,Arakiwillsoondisappear.ManylanguagesofEthiopiawillhavethesamefatebecauseeachonehasonlyafewspeakers. (48)1ntheAmericas,100Ianguages,eachofwhichhasfewerthan300speakers,alsoaredyingout.RedThunderCloudwasoneofthefirsttorecognizethethreatofIanguagedeathandtotrytodosomethingaboutit.HewasnotactuallybornintotheCatawbatribe,andtheIanguagewasnothismothertongue. (49).ThesongshesangfortheSmithsonianInstitutionhelped tomakeNativeAmericanmusicpopular.Nowheisgone,andtheIanguageisdead.WhatdoesitmeanwhenaIanguagedisappears?Whenaplantorinsectoranimalspeciesdies,itiseasytounderstandwhatwe'vebeenlostandtoappreciatewhatthismeansforthebalaneeofthenaturalword.However,languageisonlyaproductofthemind.TobethelastremainingspeakerofaIanguage,likeRedThunderCloud,mustbeaIonelydestiny,almostasstrangeandterribleasbeingthelastsurvivingmemberofadyingspecies. (50)Somepeoplemightwanttotrytolearnsomeofthesesongsbyheart.PapuaNewGuineaisanextremelyrichsourceofdifferentIanguages ,butmorethan100ofthemareindangerofextinction（ 滅絕）.C.However,hewasafrequentvisitortotheCatawbareservation inSouthCarcinomawherehelearnedtheIanguage.D.TheseIanguagedon'thavemanynativespeakers.E.Fortherestofus,whenaIanguagedies,welosethepossibilityofauniquewayofseeinganddescribingtheworld.F.AstheseIanguagebecomemorepowerful.theiruseastoolsofbusinessandcultureincrease.答案:46:47:48:49:C50:E第六部分：完形填空閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng),請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。PublicRelationsPublicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompany,includingpublicity