英語名師講練大一輪復習外研版通用核心素養(yǎng)測評四十選修8Module4～6

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動鼠標滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。核心素養(yǎng)測評四十選修8Modules4～6(限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解Peoplepossessthesamephysicalorgansforsensingtheworld:wehaveeyesforseeing,earsforhearing,nosesforsmelling.Butdoeseveryonereallysensetheworldinexactlythesameway?Twolinguists,EdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorf,didn’tthinkso.Theybelievedthatpeople’sperception(感知)oftheworlddependsverymuchonthelanguagetheyspeak.Theybelievedthatlanguageisessentiallylikeapairofeyeglasses;itinfluencesthewaywe“see”theworld.Takearainbowforexample.Weseesixcolorsinit.Butisthatall?Doyouseeanyothers?Inmanycultures,speakersofdifferentlanguagesmighttellyoutherearemorethansixcolors,ortheymighttellyouthereareless!ThetwolinguistswenttoMexicotoinvestigatethisperceptionofcolor,paringthedifferencebetweenEnglishspeakersandthepeopleinMexico.TheMexicansuseonewordforthetwowordsEnglishusesforblueandgreen.Theylabelblueandgreenasonecolor.So,theysawfivecolorsinarainbow.Anotherfamousexampleshowshowlanguagecanbeareflectionofconceptsimportanttoaparticularculture.AmericansandtheBritishuseonlyafewtermstodescribesnow:snow,sleet,freezingrain,andafewothers.Eskimos,ontheotherhand,havemanywordstodescribesnow.Snowthatisfalling,ontheground,inblocks,andsnowthatmakeswavypatterns—eachareexplainedthroughseparatewords.SnowisanimportantpartofEskimolifeanditsculture.ThusitisnecessarythatEskimoshavethevocabularytospecificallydescribeit.Languageinfluencesthought,butitdoesn’tdeterminewhatconceptswe’reabletothinkof.Ifwedon’thaveaparticularwordinourlanguage,itjusttakesmoretimeandmorewordsforustodescribethatconcept.Itisaproblemoftranslation,notofourabilitytobeabletoimaginetheconcept.【文章大意】本文是說明文。兩個語言學家經(jīng)過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對事物的感知依賴于他們說的不同語言。不同語言對某些事物的描述是不一樣的,導致人們對同一事物的認識有所差異。這給翻譯造成一定困難,但不影響人們對概念的理解。1.Howdoestheauthordescribetheimpactoflanguageonpeople’sperception?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byraisingquestions.C.Bydoingexperiments.D.Bylistingnumbers.【解析】選A。寫作方法題。根據(jù)第二段中“Takearainbowforexample.”可知作者通過舉例子說明了語言對人們感知的影響。故選A。2.WhydoMexicansonlyseefivecolorsinarainbow?A.Theycan’ttellblueandgreen.B.Theyaremostlycolorblind.C.Theirlanguageisunderdeveloped.D.Theyuseonewordfortwoofthecolors.【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheMexicansuseonewordforthetwowordsEnglishusesforblueandgreen.”可知,在墨西哥語中,藍色和綠色是一個詞表達的,所以他們在彩虹中看到的是五種顏色。故選D。3.Whatcanweinferfromthefourthparagraph?A.Eskimosliveonsnow.B.Americanpeopledon’tlikesnow.C.Languageisrelatedtospecificlifeandculture.D.Languagedifferenceslieindifferentweather.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“SnowisanimportantpartofEskimolifeanditsculture.ThusitisnecessarythatEskimoshavethevocabularytospecificallydescribeit.”可推知,語言與人們的生活和文化是有聯(lián)系的。故選C。4.Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?A.Languageimpactstheconceptwethinkof.B.Languageaffectsthewaywethink,nottheidea.C.Everyonesensestheworldinthesameway.D.Everyonehastheabilitytotranslatelanguages.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Languageinfluencesthought,butitdoesn’tdeterminewhatconceptswe’reabletothinkof.”可知,語言影響著人們的思維(方式),但無法決定人們所能思考的內(nèi)容。故選B?！局R拓展】佳詞積累1.possessv.擁有;控制2.dependon 取決于,依賴3.essentially adv.本來;本質(zhì)上4.label v. 貼標簽于5.reflection n.反射;映像6.describe v.描寫7.specifically adv.特別地Ⅱ.完形填空導學號IfoundoutIhadaseverenutallergyin2006.Ihadgone1withmymumandIhadboughtmyselfashrimp.Icanrememberhavinga2painfullump(腫塊)onmytongueassoonasIhadamouthful.What3nextwasabsolutelyterrifying,4feelingterrifiedtoswellingofmyfaceandthroat.Thishappenedvery5andIwasluckythatthedoctorsarrivedwithin5minutes.Becauseofthis6,IbecamemuchmoreinterestedinfoodandsoIdecidedto7tobeeanutritionist.Scaryasthereactionwas,insomewaysIam8thishappenedtomebecauseitsparkedanew9andIwouldeventuallylovetospecializeinallergies.

WhenIdecidedIwantedtobeea10,IhadtomovetoUniversityfarfromhome.11,Iwasabitnervousofhousesharingandtheriskofcrosscontamination(交叉污染).Thankfully,Ihavenot12anotheranaphylacticshock(過敏性休克)since2006.Ihavealso13alotofotherstudentsatUniversitywhoalsohave14allergies.IrealizedthatIwasnotaloneandthatinfact15affectsalotmorepeoplethanIhadthought.

Iwouldadvisepeoplewithsevereallergiestoalways16theingredientlists,17it’ssomethingyoueatoften.Mostimportantly,don’tbeafraidof18withanallergy.IfyouareplanningmovingawaytoUniversity,19yourhousematesaboutyourallergy(justincaseofaveryunfortunateincident)20theywillknowwhattodo.Also,trytokeepyourkitchenclean!Ifyoueverneedsupport,theAnaphylaxisCampaignisheretohelp.

【文章大意】本篇為記敘文,講述了作者對某些食物過敏的經(jīng)歷和應對措施,并建議別人采取正確措施,坦然面對過敏。1.A.washingB.travelingC.shopping D.visiting【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文Ihadboughtmyselfashrimp可知,作者去購物了。2.A.smallB.bigC.hardD.soft【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文assoonasIhadamouthful可知,剛吃一口蝦,初期的過敏應該是舌頭上起了小小的腫塊。3.A.returned B.followedC.noticed D.remembered【解析】選B。此處意思是接下來(followed)的情況更嚇人。4.A.from B.with C.about D.after【解析】選A。此處為from...to固定搭配。5.A.slowly B.happily C.closely D.quickly【解析】選D。根據(jù)下文Iwasluckythatthedoctorsarrivedwithin5minutes可知,過敏來得很快。6.A.accident B.experience C.event D.failure【解析】選B。這次過敏是一次經(jīng)歷,而不是事故或失敗等。7.A.hope B.ask C.wait D.train【解析】選D。作者決定通過培訓(train)成為一個營養(yǎng)學家。8.A.puzzled B.worriedC.pleased D.frightened【解析】選C。盡管過敏反應令人害怕,但作者還是因這件事而高興,因為這激發(fā)了作者新的興趣。9.A.interest B.allergy C.decision D.pain【解析】選A。此處意為激發(fā)了作者新的興趣。10.A.nutritionist B.doctorC.nurse D.professor【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文Idecidedtotobeeanutritionist.可知,作者決定當營養(yǎng)學家。

11.A.Luckily B.UnfortunatelyC.Naturally D.Eventually【解析】選C。一個對某些事物過敏的人要與別人同住一室,自然(naturally)有點緊張。12.A.happened B.experiencedC.overe D.seen【解析】選B。根據(jù)句首的Thankfully可判斷,作者再也沒有經(jīng)歷過(experienced)過敏性休克。13.A.introduced B.recalledC.recognized D.met【解析】選D。此處意為:遇到過同樣對食物過敏的人。14.A.food B.animal C.flower D.alcohol【解析】選A。根據(jù)also可知,別人的過敏跟作者一樣,同為食物過敏。15.A.they B.she C.he D.it【解析】選D。影響人的是食物過敏這種病,所以用it代替。16.A.change B.read C.ignore D.study【解析】選B。再常吃的食物,也要看看(read)它的配料表,而不是改變(change),忽略(ignore)或研究(study)配料表。17.A.aslongas B.evenifC.asif D.asfor【解析】選B。即使再常吃的食物,也要看看它的配料表。18.A.living B.carrying C.taking D.eating【解析】選A。livewith...為習慣搭配。19.A.hide B.tell C.warn D.discuss【解析】選B。告訴室友你有過敏癥,以防萬一。20.A.but B.thus C.then D.and【解析】選D。整個句子為“祈使句+and”結(jié)構(gòu)?！局R拓展】背景鏈接Foodallergyisanimmunesystemreactionthatoccurssoonaftereatingacertainfood.Evenatinyamountoftheallergycausingfoodcantriggersignsandsymptomssuchasdigestiveproblems,hivesorswollenairways.Insomepeople,afoodallergycancauseseveresymptomsorevenalifethreateningreaction.Ⅲ.語法填空導學號閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Qatarfinallyhasalogoforthe2022WorldCup,anditreflectsboththetournament’sexcellentbasicfacilitiesandwinterschedule.1.(use)thecolorsoftheQatariflag,thewhiteemblem(徽章)isset2.amaroonbackground.

It3.(inspire)bytheoutlineoftheWorldCuptrophywiththeunbrokenloopshowingafigureofeight—thenumberofstadiums4.(build)fortheMiddleEast’sfirstWorldCupinthetinyPersianGulfnation.

FIFAsays5.designalsodraws“inspirationfroma6.(tradition)woolenshawl.”

SuchwintergarmentsreflecttheWorldCupbeingplayedinNovemberandDecember20227.(avoid)thefiercesummerheatinJuneandJulywhenthetournamentisusuallyplayed.Thereveal8.(e)at20:22localtime(8:22pm)inDoha.TheimagewasprojectedontobuildingsintheQataricapital,includingtheAlZubarahFort,andappearedat9.(site)inKuwait,Lebanon,JordanandIraq.Amongtheinternationalsites10.thelogowasdisplayedonSeptember3wastheArchofPeaceinMilanandatrainstationinParis.

【文章大意】本文為說明文,介紹2022年卡塔爾世界杯會徽的設(shè)計。1.【解析】Using?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意:使用卡塔爾國旗的顏色,白色的徽章以栗色為背景。根據(jù)句意可知,主語與use之間為主動關(guān)系,應用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,故用Using。2.【解析】against?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)句意可知此處應用against表示“以……為背景”。3.【解析】isinspired?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:會徽的靈感源自世界杯獎杯的輪廓,閉合環(huán)狀輪廓形似數(shù)字8——這也是這個波斯灣小國為中東首次世界杯所建的體育場館數(shù)量。根據(jù)句意結(jié)合空格后的bytheoutlineoftheWorldCuptrophy可知此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),且主語為It,故用isinspired。4.【解析】built?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句中stadiums與build之間為被動關(guān)系,應用過去分詞作定語,故用built。5.【解析】the?？疾楣谠~。句意:國際足聯(lián)稱,這一設(shè)計也“從一種傳統(tǒng)羊毛披肩中汲取了靈感”。根據(jù)句意可知此處指的是上文提到的設(shè)計,應用定冠詞the。6.【解析】traditional?？疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應用形容詞修飾名詞woolenshawl,故用traditional。7.【解析】toavoid?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意:這種冬季服飾反映出本屆世界杯的舉辦時間是2022年11月和12月,避開夏季最熱的6月和7月——世界杯的常規(guī)舉辦時間。根據(jù)句意可知應用不定式作目的狀語,故用toavoid。8.【解析】came?？疾闀r態(tài)。句意:官方會徽揭幕儀式于當?shù)貢r間晚上8點22分在卡塔爾首都多哈舉行。根據(jù)句意可知應用一般過去時,故用came。9.【解析】sites?？疾槊~。句意:會徽形象被投射到祖巴拉城堡等多哈的建筑物上,并在科威特、黎巴嫩、約旦和伊拉克的部分場地出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知此處為多個場地,應用復數(shù)形式sites。10.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:9月3日,這一會徽在多家國際場地進行了展示,包括米蘭的和平拱門和巴黎的一個火車站。根據(jù)句意可知此處為定語從句修飾先行詞sites,且定語從句中缺少地點狀語,故用where。Ⅳ.短文改錯LastSeptember,Ietothiskeymiddleschoolinthetown,whichIwasshockedbythelearningenthusiasmofmyclassmates,butnowI’vebeenaccustomedtoit.Theyspendeveryminutesinstudy.TheyreadEnglishwiththelightofthestreetlamponthewaytothedormitory.Theysometimestayupreadinginbed.Itseemsasifthattheyhaveinterestinnothingbutstudy.Undoubted,studyisthemostimportantthingatschool,andIthinkweshouldbinestudyandrelaxation.Weshouldalsoparticipateallkindsofactivitiesandsparesometimetodevelopourinterests.Ihopetheyhaveacolorfulschoollife.答案:1.【解析】第一句e改為came?？疾闀r態(tài),根據(jù)lastSeptember可知,此處應用過去時態(tài)。2.【解析】第一句which改為where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句,先行詞為thetown,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用where。3.【解析】第二句minutes改為minute?？疾槊~單復數(shù),every修飾單數(shù)名詞。4.【解析】第三句with改為by?？疾榻樵~,bythelight“借著燈光”為習慣搭配。5.【解析】第四句sometime改為sometimes?？疾楦痹~,此處表示頻率,“有時候”,要用副詞sometimes。6.【解析】第五句去掉that?？疾閺木湟龑г~,一個從句只能有一個引導詞,asif和that作用重復。7.【解析】第六句Undoubted改為Undoubtedly?？疾楦痹~用法,此處位于句首,作狀語,故要用副詞形式。8.【解析】第六句第一個and改為but?？疾檫B詞,此處上下句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。9.【解析】第七句participate后加in。考查介詞,participatein“參加”為固定搭配。10.【解析】第八句they改為we?？疾槿朔Q代詞,根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系,此處復指上文中的our,為第一人稱。Ⅴ.書面表達假定你是李華,下周六你校將舉辦中國傳統(tǒng)象棋大賽。你的英國筆友Leslie對中國象棋(Chinesechess)非常感興趣,請你給他寫一封郵件。內(nèi)容包括: 1.比賽時間和地點; 2.比賽目的; 3.發(fā)出邀請。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】DearLeslie,Howarethingsgoing?TherewillbeaChinesechesspetitiontobeheldinourschoolhallnextSaturday.TheaimofthepetitionistopromotetheawarenessofthetraditionalChinesecultureamongthestudents.IknowyouareveryfondofChinesechess,soI’mwritingtoinviteyoutotaketheopportunitytoappreciateit.Bywatchingthosewhoareskilledatchesspetingwitheachother,notonlywillyoulearnsomethingaboutthehistoryofit,butalsothetechniquesofplayingit.Ifyoue,pleasecontactmeinadvance.I’llprovideyouwithsomenecessaryhelp.Wishyouawonderfultime!Yours,LiHua【加固訓練】Ⅰ.語法填空Ienjoyed1(be)inYosemiteNationalPark.Iwascampinginatentwithmyfriendwhileherparentsstayedinthecamper.OnenightI2(hear)whatsoundedlikeabearnearby.Thatkeptme3(wake)forawhile!Itwaswarmthere,soIwentraftingdowntheMercedRiver.Ididn’thavemy4(glass)on.IpassedthebridgewhereIwassupposedtogetoutandwentallthewaydowntothenextone.Ittookmealongtime,butI5(final)foundmywaybacktoourcampsite.Myfriendswere6(worry)aboutme.IwasveryinspiredbythebeautyofYosemite.Ibecamefascinatedby7storyandpersonofJohnMuir.Itamazedme8heclimbedthosemountainswithnoprotectiveequipment.IboughteverythingIcouldbyandaboutMuirevenafter9(me)washomeagain.Ihaven’thadthechancesince1991,10IwouldlovetovisitYosemiteagainandmanyotherofourwonderfulnationalparks.

【文章大意】本文作者回憶了在YosemiteNationalPark野營的故事,并表示愿意再次去那里,還要游覽更多別的國家公園。1.【解析】being。考查動名詞。此處為enjoyed的賓語,應為動名詞。2.【解析】heard?？疾闀r態(tài)。Onenight為過去的時間,所以此處用過去時態(tài)。3.【解析】awake。考查形容詞。keepsb.awake使某人保持清醒。4.【解析】glasses。考查名詞。haveglasseson戴著眼鏡。5.【解析】finally?？疾楦痹~。最終(finally)找到了回去的路。6.【解析】worried。考查過去分詞。beworriedabout...為……擔心。