2022年-12月四級考試真題+(一)

2022年12月四級考試真題（一）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeign

friendwhowantstostudyinChina.Pleaserecommendauniversitytohim.Youshould

writeatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnews

report,youwillheartwoorthreeuestions.Boththenewsreportandtheuestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

uestions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Thenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordlow.

B)Thereisagrowingshortageofmedicalpersonnel.

C)Thereisdiscriminationagainstmalenurses.

D)Thenumberofmalenurseshasgonedown.

2.A)Culturalbias.C)Educationalsystem.

B)Inadeuatepay.D)Workingconditions.

uestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Hefelloutofalifeboat.C)Hewasalmostdrowned.

B)Helosthiswayonabeach.D)Heenjoyedswimminginthesea.

4.A)Thebeachisapopulartouristresort.C)Thebeachisagoodplacetowatch

thetide.

B)Theemergencyservicesareefficient.D)Thelifeboatspatrolthearearound

theclock.

uestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Itbecameanonlinestar.C)Itescapedfromalocalzoo.

B)Itbrokeintoanofficeroom.D)Itclimbed25storeysatonego.

6.A)Senditbacktothezoo.C)Returnittoitsowner.

B)Releaseitintothewild.D)Giveitaphysicalcheckup.

7.A)Araccooncanperformactsnohumancan.

B)Araccooncanclimbmuchhigherthanacat.

C)Theraccoonbecameasfamousassomepoliticians.

D)Theraccoondidsomethingnopoliticiancould.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

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conversation,youwillhearfouruestions.Boththeconversationandtheuestionswill

hespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

uestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Shegotawell-payingjobinabank.C)Shereceivedherfirstmonthlysalary.

B)Shereceivedabonusunexpectedly.D)Shegotapayraiseforher

performance.

9.A)Severalyearsago.C)Rightaftergraduation.

B)Twodecadesago.D)Justlastmonth.

10.A)Hesentasmallchecktohisparents,C)Heimmediatelydepositeditina

bank.

B)Hetookafewofhisfriendstoagym.D)Hetreatedhisparentstoanicemeal.

11.A)Buysomeprofessionalclothes,C)Joinhercolleaguesforgym

exercise.

B)Budgethersalarycarefully.D)Visitherformeruniversitycampus.

uestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.C)Hehasjustuarreledwithhis

girlfriend.

B)Hehasbeenoverworkedrecently.D)Hehasjusttoomanythingsto

13.A)Giveprioritytothingsmoreurgent.C)Thinktwicebeforemakingthe

decision.

B)Turntohisgirlfriendforassistance.D)Seekadvicefromhisfamilyand

advisor.

14.A)Hisparentsandadvisorhavedifferentopinions.

B)Heisnotparticularlykeenonthejoboffered.

C)Helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.

D)Hisgirlfrienddoesnotsupporthisdecision.

15.A)Theyneedtimetomakepreparations.C)Theyhaven'tstartedtheir

careersyet.

B)Theyneedtosaveenoughmoneyforit.D)Theyhaven'twontheirparents9

approval.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearthreeorfouruestions.Boththepassageandtheuestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

uestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

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16.A)Acuiringinformationandprofessionalknowledge.

B)Usinginformationtounderstandandsolveproblems.

C)Enrichingsocialandintellectuallives.

D)Expressingideasandopinionsfreely.

17.A)Improvingmind-readingstrategies.C)Playinggamesthatchallenge

one'smind.

B)Readingclassicscientificliterature.D)Travelingtodifferentplacesin

theworld.

18.A)Giveothersfreedomtoexpressthemselves.C)Discardpersonalbiasesand

prejudices.

B)Exposethemselvestodifferentcultures.D)Participateindebatesor

discussions.

uestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Thenatureofrelationshipsbetweendogs.C)Whydogscanbefaithful

friendsofhumans.

B)Thereasonagreatmanypeoplelovedogs.D)Howdogsfeelabouttheir

bondswithhumans.

20.A)Theyhaveanunusualsenseofresponsibility.C)Theycanfallinlovejustlike

humans.

B)Theycanrespondtohumans'uestions.D)Theybehavelikeotheranimals

inmanyways.

21.A)Theyhavetheirownjoysandsorrows.C)Theyhelphumansinvarious

ways.

B)Theyexperiencetrueromanticlove,D)Theystaywithonepartnerfor

life.

uestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Acowbone.C)Ahistoricalsite.

B)Arareanimal.D)Apreciousstone.

23.A)Measuringit.C)Datingit.

B)Preservingit.D)Identifyingit.

24.A)Thesiteshouldhavebeenprotected,C)Theboyshouldhavecalledan

expert.

B)Theboy'sfamilyhadactedcorrectly,D)Thechannelneedstointerviewthe

boy.

25.A)Searchforsimilarfossilselsewhere.C)Conductamoredetailedsearch.

B)AsktheuniversitytorewardJude.D)Seekadditionalfundsforthesearch.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarereairedto

selectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe

passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoice

inthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthe

wordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Millionsofpeopletravelbyplaneeverysingleday.Ifyou'replanningonbeing

oneofthemsoon,youmightnotbelookingforwardtothe26feelingairtravel

oftenleavesyouwith.

Besidestheairportcrowdsandstress,travelingatahighaltitudehasrealeffectson

thebody.Althoughthepressureofthecabinis27topreventaltitudesickness,you

couldstill28sleepinessoraheadache.Theloweroxygenpressurefoundinan

aircraftcabinis29tothatat6,000-8,000feetofaltitude.Adropinoxygen

pressurecancauseheadachesincertain30.Tohelppreventheadaches,drink

plentyofwater,andavoidalcoholandcoffee.

Airplanefoodmightnotreallybeastastelessasyou31thought.Theairyou

breatheinaplanedriesoutyourmouthandnose,whichcanaffectyoursenseoftaste.

Perceptionofsweetandsaltyfoodsdroppedbyalmost30percentinasimulationofair

travel.However,youcanmakeyourtastebudsactiveagainbydrinkingwater.Adry

mouthmay32tastesensitivity,buttasteisrestoredbydrinkingfluids.

Althoughin-flightinfections33indryenvironmentslikeairplanes,yourrisk

ofgettingsickfromanairplaneisactuallylowbecauseoftheair34used.Unless

you'resittingnexttosomeonewhoiscoughingorsneezing,youshouldn'tworrytoo

muchaboutgettingsick.However,bacteriahavebeenshowntoliveoncabinsurfaces,

sowashyourhands35.

A)adjustedI)particular

B)channelsJ)primarily

C)euivalentK)reduce

D)experienceL)renovated

E)filtersM)smooth

F)freuentlyN)thrive

G)individuals0)unpleasant

H)originally

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinfomationisderived.Youmaychoosea

paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

uestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

IsBreakfastReallytheMostImportantMealoftheDay

[A]Alongwitholdclassicslike"carrotsgiveyounightvision"and"Santadoesn't

bringtoystomisbehavingchildren",oneofthemostwell-wornphrasesoftired

parentseverywhereisthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.Manyofus

growupbelievingthatskippingbreakfastisaseriousmistake,evenifonlytwothirds

of

a

d

ul

intheUKeatbreakfastregularly,accordingtotheBritishDieteticAssociation,and

aroundthree-uartersofAmericans.

[B]"Thebodyusesalotofenergystoresfbrgrowthandrepairthroughthenight,"

explainsdietspecialistSarahElder."Eatingabalancedbreakfasthelpstoupourenergy,

aswellasmakeupfbrproteinandcalciumusedthroughoutthenight."Butthere's

widespreaddisagreementoverwhetherbreakfastshouldkeepitstopspotinthe

hierarchy(等級)ofmeals.Therehavebeenconcernsaroundthesugarcontentof

cerealandthefoodindustry'sinvolvementinpro-breakfastresearch一andevenone

claimfromanacademicthatbreakfastis“dangerous".

[C]What'stherealityIsbreakfastanecessarystarttothedayoramarketingtacticby

cerealcompaniesThemostresearchedaspectofbreakfast(andbreakfast-skipping)has

beenitslinkstoobesity.Scientistshavedifferenttheoriesastowhythere9sa

relationshipbetweenthetwo.InoneUSstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000

peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargest

mealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthose

whoatealargelunchordinner.Theresearchersarguedthatbreakfasthelpsreduce

dailycalorieintakeandimprovetheualityofourdiet-sincebreakfastfoodsareoften

higherinfibreandnutrients.

[D]Butaswithanystudyofthiskind,itwasunclearifthatwasthecause-orif

breakfast-skipperswerejustmorelikelytobeoverweighttobeginwith.Tofindout,

researchersdesignedastudyinwhich52obesewomentookpartina12-weekweight

lossprogramme.Allhadthesamenumberofcaloriesovertheday,buthalfhad

breakfast,whiletheotherhalfdidnot.Whattheyfoundwasthatitwasn'tbreakfast

itselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.

[E]Ifbreakfastaloneisn'taguaranteeofweightloss,whyistherealinkbetween

obesityandbreakfast-skippingAlexandraJohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchat

theUniversityofAberdeen,arguesthatitmaysimplybebecausebreakfast-skippers

havebeenfoundtobelessknowledgeableaboutnutritionandhealth."Therearealot

ofstudiesontherelationshipbetweenbreakfasteatingandpossiblehealthoutcomes,

butthismaybebecausethosewhoeatbreakfastchoosetohabituallyhavehealth-

enhancingbehaviourssuchasregularexerciseandnotsmoking,"shesays.

[F]A2022reviewof10studieslookingintotherelationshipbetweenbreakfastand

weightmanagementconcludedthereis“l(fā)imitedevidence“supportingorrefuting（反

駁）theargumentthatbreakfastinfluencesweightorfoodintake,andmoreevidenceis

reuiredbeforebreakfastrecommendationscanbeusedtohelppreventobesity.

[G]ResearchersfromtheUniversityofSurreyandUniversityofAberdeenarehalfway

throughresearchlookingintothemechanismsbehindhowthetimeweeatinfluences

bodyweight.Earlyfindingssuggestthatabiggerbreakfastisbeneficialtoweight

control.Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.Skippingbreakfast

hasbeenassociatedwitha27%increasedriskofheartdisease,a21%higherriskof

type2diabetesinmen,anda20%higherriskoftype2diabetesinwomen.Onereason

maybebreakfast9snutritionalvalue—partlybecausecerealisfortified（增力口營養(yǎng)

11-7

價(jià)值）withvitamins.Inonestudyonthebreakfasthabitsof1,600youngpeopleinthe

UK,researchersfoundthatthefibreandmicronutrientintakewasbetterinthosewho

hadbreakfastregularly.TherehavebeensimilarfindingsinAustralia,Brazil,Canada

andtheUS.

[H]Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentration

andlanguageuse.Areviewof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprove

memory,thoughtheeffectsonotherbrainfunctionswereinconclusive.However,one

ofthereview'sresearchers,MaryBethSpitznagel,saysthereis“reasonable“evidence

breakfastdoesimproveconcentration一therejustneedstobemoreresearch."Looking

atstudiesthattestedconcentration,thenumberofstudiesshowingabenefitwas

exactlythesameasthenumberthatfoundnobeneAt,"shesays."Andnostudies

foundthateatingbreakfastwasbadfbrconcentration.”

[I]What9smostimportant,someargue,iswhatweeatfbrbreakfast.High-protein

breakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingthelongingforfoodand

consumptionlaterintheday,accordingtoresearchbytheAustralianCommonwealth

ScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation.Whilecerealremainsafirmfavourite

amongbreakfastconsumersintheUKandUS,arecentinvestigationintothesugar

contentof“adult"breakfastcerealsfoundthatsomecerealscontainmorethanthree-

uartersoftherecommendeddailyamountoffreesugarsineachportion,andsugarwas

thesecondorthirdhighestingredientincereals.

[J]Butsomeresearchsuggestsifwe'regoingtoeatsugaryfoods,ifsbesttodoitearly.

Onestudyrecruited200obeseadultstotakepartina16-week-longdiet,wherehalf

addeddesserttotheirbreakfast,andhalfdidn't.Thosewhoaddeddessertlostan

averageof40poundsmore-however,thestudywasunabletoshowthelong-term

effects.Areviewof54studiesfoundthatthereisnoconsensusyetonwhattypeof

breakfestishealthier,andconcludedthatthetypeofbreakfastdoesn'tmatterasmuch

assimplyeatingsomething.

[K]Whilethere'snoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingand

when,theconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwe're

hungry."Breakfastismostimportantforpeoplewhoarehungrywhentheywakeup,〃

Johnstonesays."Eachbodystartsthedaydifferently—andthoseindividualdifferences

needtoberesearchedmoreclosely,“Spitznagelsays."Abalancedbreakfastisreally

helpful,butgettingregularmealsthroughoutthedayismoreimportanttoleaveblood

sugarstablethroughtheday,whichhelpscontrolweightandhungerlevels/'saysElder.

"Breakfastisn'ttheonlymealweshouldbegettingright."

36.Accordingtooneprofessor,obesityisrelatedtoalackofbasicawarenessof

nutritionandhealth.

37.Somescientistsclaimthatpeopleshouldconsumetherightkindoffoodat

breakfast.

38.Opinionsdifferastowhetherbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.

39.Ithasbeenfoundthatnoteatingbreakfastisrelatedtotheincidenceofcertain

diseasesinsomecountries.

40.Researchersfounditwasachangeineatinghabitsratherthanbreakfastitselfthat

41.Tokeeponeselfhealthy,eatingbreakfastismoreimportantthanchoosingwhatto

eat.

42.Itiswidelyconsideredwrongnottoeatbreakfast.

43.Moreresearchisneededtoprovethatbreakfastisrelatedtoweightlossorfood

intake.

44.Peoplewhoprioritisebreakfaststendtohavelowercaloriebuthighernutritional

intake.

45.Manystudiesrevealthateatingbreakfasthelpspeoplememoriseandconcentrate.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

uestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)f

B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

uestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Textbooksrepresentan11billiondollarindustry,upfrom$8billionin2022.

TextbookpublisherPearsonisthelargestpublisher-ofanykind一intheworld.

Itcostsabout$1milliontocreateanewtextbook.Afreshmantextbookwillhave

dozensof

contributors,fromsubject-matterexpertsthroughgraphicandlayoutartiststoexpert

andstudentsinwaysthatalternatives,suchasopene-textbooksandopeneducational

resources,simplydonot.Thisconnectionhappensnotonlybymeansofcollaborative

development,reviewandtesting,butalsoatconferenceswherefacultyregularlydecide

ontheirtextbooksandcumculafbrthecomingyear.

Itistruethattextbookpublishershaverecentlyreportedlosses,largelydueto

studentsrentingorbuyingusedprinttextbooks.Butthiscanbechalkeduptothe

excessivelyhighcostoftheirbooks-whichhasincreasedover1,000percentsince

1977.Arestructuringofthetextbookindustrymaywellbeinorder.Butthisdoesnot

meantheendofthetextbookitself.

WhiletheymaynotbeasdynamicasaniPad,textbooksarenotpassiveorlifeless.

Forexample,overthecenturies,theyhavesimulated（模擬）dialoguesinanumber

ofways.From1800tothepresentday,textbookshavedonethisbyposinguestionsfbr

studentstoanswerinductively（歸納性地）.Thatmeansstudentsareaskedtouse

theirindividualexperiencetocomeupwithanswerstogeneraluestions.Today's

psychologytexts,fbrexample,ask:"Howmuchofyourpersonalitydoyouthinkyou

inherited，zwhileonesinphysicssay:“Howcanyoupredictwheretheballyoutossed

willland"

Expertsobservethat"textbookscomeinlayers,somethinglikeanonion."Foran

activelearner,

engagingwithatextbookcanbeaninteractiveexperience.Readersproceedattheirown

pace.They“customize“theirbooksbyengagingwithdifferentlayersandlinkages.

Highlighting,Post-Itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniuesallowfbrfurthercustomization

thatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks.

46.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutopeneducationalresources

A)Theycontributetoteachingasmuchastolearning.

B)Theydon'tprofitasmuchastraditionaltextbooksdo.

C)Theycan'tconnectprofessorsandstudentsastextbooksdo.

D)Theycompetefiercelyfbrcustomerswithtextbookproducers.

47.Whatisthemaincauseofthepublishers9losses

A)Failuretomeetstudentneed.C)Industryrestructuring.

B)Emergenceofe-books.D)Fallingsales.

48.Whatdoesthetextbookindustryneedtodo

A)Reformitsstructures.

B)Cutitsretailprices.

C)Findreplacementsforprintedtextbooks.

D)Changeitsbusinessstrategyperiodically.

49.Whatarestudentsexpectedtodointhelearningprocess

A)Thinkcarefullybeforeansweringeachuestion.

B)Askuestionsbasedontheirownunderstanding.

C)Answeruestionsusingtheirpersonalexperience.

D)Giveanswersshowingtheirrespectivepersonality.

50.Whatdoexpertssayaboutstudentsusingtextbooks

A)Theycandigitalizetheprintseasily.

B)Theycanlearninaninteractiveway.

C)Theycanpurchasecustomizedversions.

D)Theycanadaptthematerialthemselves.

PassageTwo

uestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenwethinkofanimalsandplants,wehaveaprettygoodwayofdividingthem

intotwodistinctgroups:oneconvertssunlightintoenergyandtheotherhastoeatfood

tomakeitsenergy.Well,those

dividinglinescomecrashingdownwiththediscoveryofaseaslug（海站螭）that's

trulyhalfanimalandhalfplant.Ifsprettyincrediblehowithasmanagedtohijackthe

genesofthealgae（藻類）onwhichitfeeds.

Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigment（色素）inplantsthat

capturesenergyfromsunlight,andholdthesegeneswithintheirbody.Theterm

kleptoplastyisusedtodescribethepracticeofusinghijackedgenestocreatenutrients

fromsunlight.Andsofar,thisgreenseaslugistheonlyknownanimalthatcanbetruly

consideredsolar-powered,althoughsomeanimalsdoexhibitsomeplant-likebehaviors.

Manyscientistshavestudiedthegreenseaslugstoconfirmthattheyareactuallyable

tocreateenergyfromsunlight.

Infact,theslugsusethegeneticmaterialsowellthattheypassitontotheirfuture

generations.Theirbabiesretaintheabilitytoproducetheirownchlorophyll,though

theycan't