高中英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)教學(xué)建議

高中英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)教學(xué)建議

廈門市高中英語學(xué)科中心組李鋒Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed；without

vocabulary

nothing

canbeconveyed.語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的重要性◆以教師講授意義及用法為主◆詞匯呈現(xiàn)、練習(xí)脫離語境與情境新課標(biāo)對(duì)詞匯教學(xué)的要求：“在詞匯教學(xué)中要從運(yùn)用的角度出發(fā)，而不是定義的角度入手；要與技能結(jié)合，而不是單純的知識(shí)灌輸”。模塊詞匯教學(xué)應(yīng)該如何著手呢？詞匯教學(xué)存在主要問題一、單元教學(xué)中詞匯教學(xué)的時(shí)機(jī)二、語言學(xué)習(xí)部分的詞匯教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)三、課堂上有效的詞匯檢測高中英語詞匯教學(xué)建議◆借助頭腦風(fēng)暴，復(fù)習(xí)與學(xué)習(xí)話題詞匯◆有意識(shí)地引入目標(biāo)詞匯，掃除閱讀障礙◆根據(jù)上下文語境猜測詞匯的的意思◆設(shè)置課文文填空◆根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞匯進(jìn)行課文復(fù)述◆回顧話題詞匯與表達(dá)，提供語言支架單元教學(xué)中詞匯教學(xué)的時(shí)機(jī)Warming-up2.Reading3.Learningaboutlanguage4.Usinglanguage5.Workbook【案例1】Book6Unit3AhealthylifeWhydoadolescentssmoke?Whatistheharmofsmoking?familyenvironmentpeerpressurecuriositystressbreathlesssecond-handdamaginglungspregnantharmsmokingreasons頭腦風(fēng)暴

配合圖片展示的的同時(shí)，可根據(jù)學(xué)生的回答補(bǔ)充引入部分生詞，并板書在黑板上。peerpressureresistcigarettesexpectababyoutofbreathSomeadolescentssmokebecauseofpeerpressure.Theyareunabletoresistcigarettesbecauseeveryonearoundhimissmoking.Ifasmokerisexpectingababy,hersmokinghabitmaycauseproblems.Somesmokersfindthemselvesoutofbreathafterrunning.【案例2】Book8Unit2Cloning（1）Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated.A.simpleB.difficultC.unusual（2）Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.Manyattemptstoclonemammalsfailed.complicated.反義詞√start/takeupapieceofworktaskattempts根據(jù)語境推測閱讀中猜測詞義（3）ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.CloningscientistwerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.（4）Governmentbecamenervousandmoreconservative.Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning...A.notlikingchangeB.welcomingnewthingsdisappointed/upsetdisturbingnewsDolly’sillnessforbaderesearch√根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測根據(jù)事例猜測【案例3】Book5Unit2SightseeinginLondonLondonTowerfirstdelight…fancyremainstandingStPaul’sCathedralTherefollowed…splendidGreenwich/longitudelineWhatinterestedhermost…h(huán)adaphototakenBritishMuseum…wasthrilledby…Chinesepotsproud根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞匯進(jìn)行課文復(fù)述【案例4】Book2Unit1CulturalRelicsWriting:IntroducetheOldSummerPalaceoroneoftheculturalrelicsyouareinterestedin.Requirements:1.Useatleast2attributiveclauses.2.Useatleast3followingwordsorexpressions:designtroopremovemysteryvaluableworthartistamazingstylepaintingsurvivedynastybelongtoatwarthinkhighlyofdecoratewithThere’snodoubtthat...回顧話題詞匯與表達(dá)，提供語言支架人教版workbook部分有很多詞匯練習(xí)可以選用。比如模塊一第一單元的Usingwordsandexpressions部分的練習(xí)設(shè)置為：

第1題為翻譯練習(xí)。此練習(xí)針對(duì)本單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯進(jìn)行操練，如addup;calmdown;recover;settle;getalongwith等核心詞匯。

第2題為詞組辨析，結(jié)合句子語境來對(duì)get的相關(guān)詞組進(jìn)行辨析，突破重難點(diǎn)。教師可以將此部分練習(xí)與詞匯學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行整合，做到學(xué)用結(jié)合。選擇利用Workbook的練習(xí)◆英文釋義◆話題詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)◆詞塊整理◆分類記憶◆構(gòu)詞法◆同義詞、反義詞…◆詞匯的呈現(xiàn)方式

◆詞匯練習(xí)注意語境與情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)◆語言輸出活動(dòng)緊扣詞匯輸入詞匯學(xué)習(xí)方法的指導(dǎo)2.詞匯教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)語言學(xué)習(xí)部分的詞匯教學(xué)【案例5】Book1Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero1.Heofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.2.WhenheorganizedtheANCyouthleague,IjoineditassoonasIcould.3.Untiltoday,wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.4.Thegirlwasselflesslydevotedtoherfather.5.Herhusbandisverymeanaboutmoney.______atimeorstatethatsomethingreachedasitgrows._______showinggreatloveforsomeoneorsomething.______helpandadvicegiventosomeone_______unkind;ungenerous______groupofpeopleorganizedforaspecialpurpose英文釋義【案例6】Book1Unit4Earthquake讓學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)課文，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容整理相關(guān)詞匯，并討論是否有其它文中沒出現(xiàn)的詞匯。同時(shí)可以增加地震的前兆、地震逃生等子話題，圍繞地震來建立詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)，拓展詞匯量。earthquakefeelingdamagesignsrescuenervousshockedlonelyruinshomelessdeatharmydoctorsvolunteerswellanimalscracks話題詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò)【案例7】Book6Unit3Ahealthylife在學(xué)完本單元后，教師可指導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納描述健康生活話題的相關(guān)詞塊，尤其是談?wù)摮闊煹南嚓P(guān)表達(dá)，如becomeaddictedtocigarettes;becomeaccustomedtohavingnicotineinit;withdrawalsymptoms;becomementallyaddicted;itwasverydifficulttoquit;theharmfuleffectsofsmoking;doterribledamagetoyourlungs;becomepregnant;Ibecomebreathlessquickly;strengthenyourresolve等。詞塊記憶determination;getadoctor’sdegree;bebornin…;perseverance;dropoutofschool;succeedindoing;achievehisdreamof…;furtherone’sstudyabroad;bebroughtupin;couragetotakeanychallenge;neversubmittoobstacles;majorin;graduatefrom…;makeagreatcontributionto…;【案例8】以下詞匯是介紹人物時(shí)常用的詞匯，請(qǐng)給以下詞匯分類，并補(bǔ)充更多同類別的詞。Personalinformation:___________________________Educationexperiences:_________________________Achievements:_____________________________Personality/Whyyouadmirehim/her?___________分類記憶AdjectiveNounNounAdjectiveAdverbkindkindnesscarecarefulcarefullyselfishhopelonelypeaceLearningaboutlanguage部分有很多關(guān)于構(gòu)詞法的練習(xí)，在教學(xué)中應(yīng)該充分利用，使學(xué)生有意識(shí)地整理常用詞綴，并運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法去識(shí)記生詞，拓展詞匯量。同時(shí)，教師可以提供語境對(duì)部分重要詞匯進(jìn)行練習(xí)，提高詞匯運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性。用單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空◆Icalledinthehopeoffindingherathome.◆I'mhopefulthatthey'llfulfillthetaskontime.◆Hopefullythingswillimproveinthenewyear.◆Hewasdisappointedsooftenthathebecamehopeless.【案例9】Book1Unit5NelsonMandela構(gòu)詞法【案例10】Book4Unit1Womenofachievements◆Shesawmyfriendandignoredhimashedancedhappily.Shesawmyfriendandobservedhimashedancedhappily.◆Heknewwhathewasdoinganditwasnotworthit.Heknewwhathewasdoingbutitwasworthwhile.◆Itisunusualforpeopletoagreeabout

thepriceofanewcar.Itisusualforpeopletoargueaboutthepriceofanewcar.同義詞、反義詞注意詞性的一致【案例11】Book2Unit1CulturalrelicsGuessingGame◆ItwassohardtobuildthathowtheancientChinesepeoplebuiltitremainsamystery.◆Everyonethinkshighlyofit’sgreatness.◆Itwasusedfor

troopsofsoldiers

tostopoutsiderswhencountrieswereatwar.詞匯的呈現(xiàn)方式◆Itisastatue,whichwasmadein1886inFrance.◆Itwasremoved

fromFrancetotheUSasagift.◆Itisafemalefigure,whoholdsatorchinonehand.◆Thereisnodoubtthat

thestatuehasbecomeasymboloffreedom.此活動(dòng)為猜測游戲，學(xué)生根據(jù)所提供的句子猜測所描述的文化遺產(chǎn)，以小組為單位搶答。結(jié)合語境、圖片來呈現(xiàn)詞匯。champion;determination;payoffFinallyLinDan’shardtraininganddeterminationpaidoffwhenhebecametheworldchampioninthebadmintoncompetition.Weshouldextendourhandwhenwemeetsomeoneinneed.Otherwiseheorshewouldsuffergreatpain.

extend;inneed;otherwise詞匯練習(xí)注意語境與情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)Apictureisworthathousandwords!◆castdownCanyousharewithus:Whenwereyoucastdownlasttimeandwhy?（Iwascastdownbecause…）◆forbidIthinktheschoolshouldforbidusingcell-phoneintheteachingareabecauseitdistractstheirattention.Whatelsedoyouthinkshouldbeforbiddeninourschoolandwhy?Ithinktheschoolshouldforbid…because…詞匯練習(xí)注意語境與情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)【案例12】Book7Unit2Cloningcastdown;forbid利用目標(biāo)詞匯設(shè)計(jì)交際情境，在交際中掌握重要詞匯的意義及用法?！景咐?3】Book7Unit2CloningDiscussionandspeakingIaminfavorofcloningbecause__________________.Iamagainstcloningbecause____________________.口語活動(dòng)緊扣本單元cloning話題，任務(wù)要求用到本單元所學(xué)詞匯（如上表），這樣的語言輸出活動(dòng)有利于語言知識(shí)的內(nèi)化。infavorof;support;medicalresearch;medicaltreatment;endangeredanimals；inawiseway;…

against;objectto;forbid;astormofobjections;moralproblem;evil;achieveone’sambition;castdown;disease;disorder…語言輸出活動(dòng)緊扣詞匯輸入1.單元檢測中詞匯的測試，可采用根據(jù)句子語境填寫單詞、詞形變化、選詞填空、單項(xiàng)選擇、翻譯句子和課文內(nèi)容填空等題型。有效的詞匯檢測2.隨堂檢測可以多樣化，可以選用：聽寫詞塊、翻譯、造句、聽寫或者默寫段落。

語法是語言基本規(guī)律的提煉和總結(jié)。語法學(xué)習(xí)的目的是使語言運(yùn)用更加準(zhǔn)確和規(guī)范。高中英語語法教學(xué)要從交際的功能和意念出發(fā)，注重讓學(xué)生在運(yùn)用中逐步理解和掌握語法知識(shí)。語法對(duì)學(xué)生口語表達(dá)、閱讀、寫作等能力的提升都起著重要的作用。語法教學(xué)建議新課程倡導(dǎo)用用“觀察--發(fā)現(xiàn)--歸納”和探究法進(jìn)行語法教學(xué)。

教師應(yīng)通過典型的、有代表性的語言現(xiàn)象，采用“觀察--發(fā)現(xiàn)--歸納”的方法，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解和發(fā)現(xiàn)語言規(guī)則，突破所學(xué)重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目。理解規(guī)則后，立即進(jìn)行口頭、筆頭多種形式練習(xí)，直至熟練。然后在設(shè)置不同情境，提高語言的運(yùn)用的能力。語法教學(xué)建議◆在閱讀文本中觀察語法結(jié)構(gòu)◆聽力后觀察語法結(jié)構(gòu)◆從歌曲、視頻等材料中觀察語法結(jié)構(gòu)◆利用圖片、視頻等多媒體材料設(shè)置情境◆利用文字描述情境◆利用語篇進(jìn)行語法教學(xué)一、觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)的幾種方式二、