Unit2MakingaDifferenceUnderstandingideasLanguagepoints課件-高中英語外研版

ReadingPara1.Asasix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy,Ryanhadtroublebelievingthewords

____________(speak)byhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn’tgetenoughcleanwater.

spoken同位語從句：對名詞words作解釋說明

thewordsspokenbyhisteacher=thewordswhichwerespokenbyhisteacherspokenbyhisteacher是一個(gè)過去分詞短語，作后置定語修飾thewords，用來補(bǔ)充信息，words和speak的動作構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。(1)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句多位于idea,fact,evidence,hope,belief,wish,doubt,news,advice,suggestion,promise

等表示抽象意義的名詞之后，用于解釋說明這些名詞

的具體內(nèi)容。(2)引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞that,whether,連接副詞

how,when,where等(if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句)。that在同位語從句中沒有詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，且不

能省略。2.havetrouble(in)doingsth:做某事有困難havenotrouble(in)doingsth:做某事沒困難“做某事有困難”的其他常用表達(dá)：①haveproblemswithsth.②haveproblemsindoingsth.③haveahard/difficulttimeindoingsth.④havedifficultyindoingsth.3.developingcountries發(fā)展中國家developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國家在分詞作定語的用法中，現(xiàn)在分詞常常表示動作“未完成或正在進(jìn)行”；過去分詞可以表示動作“已經(jīng)完成”。eg

theboilingwater正在煮沸的水theboiledwater開水

thefallingleaves正在飄落的樹葉thefallenleaves落葉Para1.

Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthe_________(drink)

fountain.Itwasveryclose-onlytenstepsaway.

drinkingfountain飲用水噴水池ing

作定語可表示所修飾名詞的用途awashingmachineawalkingstickaswimmingpool一臺洗衣機(jī)一根拐杖一個(gè)游泳池drinking

從一邊看到另一邊詞條意思及用法例句lookacross強(qiáng)調(diào)從一邊看到另一邊Hewentinandlookedacrosstheroomcarefully.lookover強(qiáng)調(diào)迅速地檢查Helookedovertheproposal(提案)beforethemeeting.lookthrough可以表示翻查、翻找，也可以表示(假裝)沒有注意到Shelookedthroughme.(她假裝沒有看到我。)lookacross,lookover,lookthroughPara2.Atfirst,hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewell

somewhereinAfrica.動詞不定式toearnmoney作表語，其后的不定式短語to

buildasingle…作目的狀語。

(1)表示目的

egThenextstepis

tomakesurethatyouknowexactly

whatisrequired.

(2)表示事態(tài)發(fā)展的結(jié)果、預(yù)期的結(jié)果，不幸的命運(yùn)或語言。

egHewas

toperish(死亡)inashipwreckandtoleaveawifeandtwochildren.(3)用于第一人稱疑問句，表示征求意見。

egWhatamItosayiftheyaskmethequestion?(4)表示同意、安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿、禁止

egTheyaretomarrynextweek.注意：如果主語是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等為中心的名詞（短語），或是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，那么不定式作表語一般對主語起到一種補(bǔ)充說明的作用。Para2.Hesoonreachedhisfirsttargetof$70,butwhenhegave

themoneytoacharity,hewastoldthatitactuallycost

$2000tobuildawell.

(1)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)一般可以省略，但如果有兩個(gè)以上

的賓語從句并列出現(xiàn)時(shí)，第二個(gè)及第二個(gè)之后的賓語從

句中的that一般不能省略。

egHepromised(that)hewouldvisitmeandthathe

wouldtryhisbesttohelpme.時(shí)間狀語從句賓語從句_______theyneededwasawell_______(dig)neartheirhomes.Para2.Whatdug主語從句后置定語what在從句中作needed的賓語Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney，butRyandidn'tgiveup.Hewasdetermined_________(help)otherchildrenhavecleanwater.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfromhisclassmatesandneighboursandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.At

thesametime，afriendofRyan'smotherhelpedmake

hisstorygopublic.Afterseveralmonths，Ryanhadraisedthe$2,000，with________awellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.Thechildrenattheschoolnolongerneededtowalkforhourstogetwater.Theyweregratefultohimandinvitedhimtovisit.

tohelpdeterminev.決定，查明，確定determinedadj.下定決心bedeterminedtodosth.下定決心做某事determinetodosth.決心做某事“withwhichawellwasbuilt...”是“介詞with＋關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。which尋求幫助感謝某人

最后，終于finished親眼所見delighted

表完成出席；參加

turnout(tobe)+adj：最后結(jié)果是/最終成為…起初有作用；有影響含turn的短語turnon打開

turnin上交;告發(fā)

turnout結(jié)果是;生產(chǎn);制造;趕走

turnoff關(guān)掉

turndown關(guān)小;拒絕

turnto轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于

turnover

翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交makesome/no/littledifference(to……)

(對……)有/沒有/幾乎沒有作用或影響tellthedifference

between區(qū)分/辨別……之間的差異thereisnodifference

沒有區(qū)別thereisaworldofdifference

區(qū)別很大difference短語Later,Ryan'sexperienceledhimtosetupafoundationtoencourage:morepeopletohelp.Manyinspiredpeoplegavehimtheirsupport.Ryan'sfoundationcontinuestoattractsupportfrommoreandmorepeople,sotheworkofbuildingmorewellscangoon.Today,over800,000peoplein16countriesacrossAfricahavebenefitedfromthelife-changinggiftofclean,safewater.建立得益于；從……受益benefitn.

好處，益處beneficialadj.有益的，有好處的havethebenefitof有……的好處forsb’sbenefit為了某人的益處，幫助某人beofbenefitto...對……有好處改變?nèi)说囊簧膕et短語setaside

留出setdown

放下；寫下setoff

出發(fā)，動身；使爆炸；引發(fā)setaboutdoingsth.

著手，開始setout

啟程；動身setouttodosth.【語境應(yīng)用】

根據(jù)漢語意思補(bǔ)全下面句子（每空一詞）。1)眾所周知，運(yùn)動有益于我們的健康。Asweallknow,exercise________________________.2)我們得益于每天做操。We________________dailyexercises.3)