任務型閱讀理解解題分析省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎課件市賽課百校聯(lián)賽優(yōu)質(zhì)課一等獎課件

任務型閱讀了解解題分析1/59

閱讀了解題經(jīng)過不一樣體裁和題材，要求考生從文章主旨大意，查找詳細細節(jié)；依據(jù)上下文猜測詞義；了解作者意圖和態(tài)度；把握文章基本結構；從文章字面和深層了解角度等方面全方面考查考生判斷推理、分析歸納、邏輯思維、概括總結等能力。浙江省英語高考新增加了任務型閱讀，此題考查學生利用語言“做事”能力，符合當前英語教學改革方向。

一、總體分析2/59近幾年高考閱讀了解主要設題為：1.文章話題;

(Topics)2.文章中心思想;

(MainIdeas)3.文章細節(jié);

(Details)4.文章結構;

(Organization)5.文章寓意;

(Implication)6.詞義.語義猜測;

(Conjecture)7.文章邏輯推理.判斷(Deduction)二、考點分析3/59

(1)了解主旨要義；

(2)了解文中詳細信息；

(3)依據(jù)上下文推測生詞詞義；

(4)作出簡單判斷和推理；

(5)了解文章基本結構；

(6)了解作者意圖和態(tài)度。

三、考查內(nèi)容4/591.信息含量加大(文章題材與體裁各異)。2.文章難易搭配適度。(句子難度合理，但讀速要求提升)3.很好利用構詞法,恰當增加生詞數(shù)量。4.各種考查方法分布合理，今年又增加了一篇閱讀新題型（6篇文章，25道題，多側面考查考生，了解推理題目增多。）四、考題動向5/59五、閱讀了解解題方法

做閱讀了解時候要熟悉高考英語設問角度，盡可能進入角色，使得高考英語設問格調(diào)在我們考前就知道，并能分析題干、選項與原文關系。高考試題干擾項編制水平很高，它們往往與原文某幾個詞或語句在形式、結構上很相同。有些干擾項似乎合情合理，但只有分析到語篇內(nèi)容才能判斷正誤。這就是好復習方法。6/59（一）細節(jié)了解題解題思緒及技巧

細節(jié)了解題屬直接解答性問題，是閱讀了解題中最簡單一個，多數(shù)屬中低難度送分題。但因為高考所占百分比很大，應尤其引發(fā)注意。這類題目標出題形式很多。比如：

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue／false？2.Whichofthefollowingis（not）mentioned？3.Thewriterstates…4.Theauthormentionsthat…5.Whattimedoesthewriterthinkis…？6.Howmany／Howmuch／Where／How／Why？

7/59做細節(jié)題詳細方法與步驟以下：①略讀材料,大約了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。②按文章體裁，作者寫作組織模式及相關信息詞，如forexample，first，second…等預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要事實。③將自己精力放在尋找你所需要細節(jié)上，快速通篇跳讀，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細節(jié)出處，待找到含細節(jié)句子時，放慢速度，仔細查對比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。請看浙江卷57題、58題、59題、62題、66題、73題、75題，湖南卷C篇(65題)8/59（二）閱讀了解中猜詞悟意路徑

①判斷一些生詞有沒有進行準確猜測必要。②依據(jù)詞性和詞法作出判斷。如：ItpicturesthelifeofShanghaiworkers.

③依據(jù)句中同義、反義、同等、同位關系作出判斷。Unlikehisbrother,whoisahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely.④依據(jù)文中對某一生詞直接或間接解釋來搞清該詞含義。如：

Acalendarisatimetableofthedays,weeks,monthsofacertainyear.⑤依據(jù)因果關系猜測詞義。如：Shefeltmiserable,forherparentsbothdiedweeksago.

⑥靠常識和經(jīng)驗來推測語意。

9/59詞義猜測類題型常見設題方式有:

1.Theword_____couldbestbereplacedby_____.2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.3.By______thewritermeans_____.4.Inthe______paragraph,theword"_____"means(refersto)_____.5.Theunderlinedword_____isclosestinmeaningto_____.浙江卷69題，河南卷74題，湖北卷第56題04廣東卷第58題，江蘇卷62題10/59（三）怎樣做主旨大意題做這類題目時，首先要搞清是問某一段還是全文大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章主題。如有標題，標題中蘊含信息往往是關鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開，所以，許多文章中最顯著特點之一是有一個重復出現(xiàn)中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便輕易抓住文章中心。全國卷1（河南等）E篇中major出現(xiàn)過八次，盡管其詞性、詞義有所不一樣，但它就是關鍵詞。湖南卷C篇66題。11/59（四）怎樣做推理判斷題

這類題特點是讓考生依據(jù)已知文字或事實，推斷出沒有直接表示內(nèi)容。推斷內(nèi)容包含作者態(tài)度、某個人物情感、事情發(fā)展原因或結果等，慣用詞有：infer,imply,suggest,conclude等詞設問。要做好這類題，必須找準文章中提供對應文字信息,尤其是關鍵詞語，把握作者觀點、態(tài)度或?qū)懽髂繕?，借助上下文邏輯關系來判斷，并能領會文字弦外之音。也可借助常識或文化背景來判斷。

注意調(diào)整自己思維模式，使之與作者思維模式相吻合，千萬不要以自己中國式思維去衡量英美人觀念及生活習慣。04湖南卷63題，04河南卷B篇Fairway。12/591.以詞匯和語法為突破口,加強基礎知識。（高中學生應該有3500多個英語詞匯。）2.增加閱讀廣度,多看課外英語讀物。（讀點英語報刊雜志與各種英文說明）3.提升閱讀速度,學會掃視、跳讀、縱式閱讀。（7分鐘內(nèi)能完成300字左右文章，并能解答附帶題目。）4.依據(jù)不一樣文章和體裁，利用靈活閱讀技巧。五、備考策略13/59

任務型閱讀分析高考英語浙江卷閱讀了解50分，共六篇短文，其中新增加任務型閱讀一篇，分值10分。任務型閱讀這一題型重視考查學生利用目標語做事能力,為主觀性題目。省招辦相關責任人介紹，今年英語卷內(nèi)容和結構上調(diào)整，只是形式上微調(diào)，表達了在重視“雙基”基礎上，發(fā)展交際情景下語言綜合利用能力教學理念。這么測試形式，能夠考查學生利用語言“做事”能力，符合當前英語教學改革方向。14/59一、任務型閱讀

Task-basedReading

Comprehension

這一題型貌似簡單，似乎只是閱讀了解然后查找所需信息就能夠了。其實，遠非如此。15/59理由以下：

第一、這一新題型屬于主觀試題。這說明英語高考在增加主觀試題，降低客觀試題。這是全球語言測試大方向。第二、這一新題型屬于信息搜集整理（informationgathering），并不是語言層面考查，而是語言利用層面考查。第三、這一新題型并非簡單閱讀了解，而是要求取得與信息相關信息。16/59第四、綱領樣題顯示，新題型不但考查直接信息了解與取得，更考查對間接信息取得。第五、樣題顯示，新題型不但要求取得信息，還要求科學地表述信息。第六、新題型同時打破了原有分值百分比，代表一種方向。所以說，“任務型閱讀”新題型是考查學生閱讀信息材料、搜集整理直接與間接信息、科學表述信息能力。17/59二、怎樣做任務型閱讀1.概覽全文

概覽全文目標是了解文章主要內(nèi)容和基本結構，方便在解題時快速找到答案所在方向，也就是用最短時間了解文章主題，了解什么地方有什么信息，答題時就能夠直奔該部分。概覽時最好用筆在文章中心詞下劃線，使之醒目，各段中中心名詞，如概念名詞、事物名詞或任務名詞等，會提醒各段話題，使我們易于找到答案，快速答題。（例子以下）18/59任務型閱讀模擬題1______61.Greglovesdrumsandhisfavoriteisclassicalmusic.______62.Robertplaystheviolin,hisfavoritestyleofmusiciscountrymusic.______63.Jameslovesthesoundofthedrumandhelikes

rock.______64.Harrysaysthebestinstrumentisthe

piano.Helikestolistentoopera.______65.Kevin’sfavoriteinstrumentistheguitarandhisfavoritestyleofmusicisjazz.19/59A.Helovestolistentodrums.Hesayshe’snotaplayer,justalistener.Heclaimstolike

rock.B.Heisviolinist,soofcourseit’snaturalthatheshouldfavortheviolin.Heprefers

countrymusic.C.Hisfavoriteistheguitar.However,hehasn’tplayedforyears,sohekeepshopingtostartagain.Hisfavoritestyleofmusicis

classicalmusic.20/59D.

Hesaysjazzishisfavoritemusic.HegoestolistentojazzeveryFridayevening.Healsolikesopera,heavymetal,classicalbutjazzisthebest.Heplaysthepiano,buthisfavoriteinstrumentistheguitar.E.Heclaimsthepianoismoreversatilethananyotherinstrument.Helovestogotoseeaperformance.Hesaysoperahaseverything,colorandspectacleandtheatreandgreatmusic.F.Heplayeddrumswhenhewasatprimaryschool,andnowheplaysdrumswithhisfriendsatweekends.Theyhaveaband.Hisfavoritestyleofmusicisclassicalmusic.21/59解題步驟：

讓學生看清題干答題要求，概覽全文約1-2分鐘，首先了解到本題主要內(nèi)容是music，結構是Greg等5人喜歡不一樣樂器。進行快速閱讀時用筆在文章中找出中心詞：drum,violin,rock,piano,jazz,guitar等，并在下面畫線，以利快速選項。22/59概覽文章后，一個一個地分析問題，分析一個做一個，而不要一口氣把全部問題都看完了，更不要把全部文章逐字逐句地讀完再來做題。這么做法第一個弊病就在于閱讀盲目性，造成寶貴時間浪費；第二個弊病就是你在閱讀中會碰到很多生詞，而這些生詞很可能是你回答下列問題時根本包括不到，但你卻會被它們搞得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向，影響了你答題。所以我們強調(diào)分析試題主要性。經(jīng)過分析試題，能夠看出問題類似以及答題需要哪些方面信息。2.試題分析(參考模擬題1）23/59試題分析以下：1)閱讀答題說明，看清試題類型，明確試題要求。浙江省樣卷題和模擬題1都要求是六選五，每選一個要和61、62、63、64、65中Greg等5人分別興趣相符，在A,B,C,D,E,F六個選項中對應選正確五個，其中有一項是多出，不然無法完成此題。2)仔細閱讀每段文章，找出關鍵詞。關鍵詞也并非一定就選一個，尤其是在問題里沒有任何輕易識別詞時，能夠確定1-3個關鍵詞，因為參考詞多，找起來就快，而且準確，也防止了一個關鍵詞有時會把我們引入歧路危險。比如模擬題163題，James喜歡drum，而還要選rock.，參考詞是sound和like，這么選擇答案A內(nèi)容。再將關鍵詞listener加以核實，選其正確答案就比較有把握。24/593)排除盲目性。在閱讀中會碰到很多生詞，而這些生詞很可能是你回答下列問題時根本包括不到，有些生詞能夠經(jīng)過上下文猜出，如模擬題2中bellboy,customsofficer,模擬3中obesity等生詞即使沒有學過，但經(jīng)過上下文，完全能夠猜出。碰到生詞別慌張，先放在一旁再說，經(jīng)過內(nèi)容推斷。有些生詞與答題根本沒相關系。4)預防干擾。選項中，命題者往往設置在兩段和兩段以上選項中，有相同或類似內(nèi)容。在答題時要十分注意，必須仔細閱讀，加以區(qū)分，排除干擾，以免造成答題錯誤。比如模擬題1中C和F中都有一個共同句：Hisfavoritestyleofmusicisclassicalmusic.而區(qū)分在于drums這個關鍵詞。25/595)復現(xiàn)率較強詞句要十分重視，應加以比較和判斷。

比如模擬題3中obesity在61-65題目中就重復出現(xiàn)五次，A-F內(nèi)容中又屢次出現(xiàn),其實它有英語解釋（veryfat肥胖），所以一看到生詞不要慌張。不過，師生在復習迎考中，對新出現(xiàn)題型無須過分擔心，更忌搞“題海戰(zhàn)術”，“為語言而語言”，“為技能而技能”，而應重視語言基礎知識和基本技能靈活利用，并在此基礎上，重視英語閱讀和寫作能力培養(yǎng)。

26/59模擬題1答案______61.Greglovesdrumsandhisfavoriteisclassicalmusic.______62.Robertplaystheviolin,hisfavoritestyleofmusiciscountrymusic.______63.Jameslovesthesoundofthedrumandhelikes

rock.______64.Harrysaysthebestinstrumentisthe

piano.Helikestolistentoopera.______65.Kevin’sfavoriteinstrumentisthe

guitarandhisfavoritestyleofmusicisjazz.FBAED27/59任務型閱讀模擬題2閱讀以下材料，依據(jù)下面各小題要求，從以下A到F選項中選出對應選項。選項中有一項為多出選項。61.Richisabellboy._______62.Martiisareceptionist._______63.Josephisanoperator._______64.Charlieisacustomsofficer._______65.Kimisaweatherman._______28/59Yes,Madam.Itgetslotsofsuninthemorning.Now,theswitchforthebedsidelampisoverhere.Thepanelattheheadofthebedhasaradioandawake-upalarm.I’vewrittenoutaprescriptionforyoutotaketothehotelclinic.Betterstill,I’lltakeitmyselfandhavesomeonefromtheclinicbringthemedicinetoyou.SofarasIcansee,you’reabitrundown,overworked.29/59C.Yes.Youwillfindalltheinformationaboutthehotelontheinformationcardinyourroom.Thebellboywillshowittoyou.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,justdial

“9”onyourphone.Thatisourmanager.Heisatyourservice24hoursaday.D.WeinterruptthisregularlyscheduledprogramtobringyouthefollowingbulletinfromtheUnitedStatesWeatherBureau.AsevereweatheralterisnowineffectforallofsouthernOhioandIndiana.Aviolentstormfrontismovinginanorth-northeasterlydirection.30/59E.Yourformsseemtobeinorder.I’llkeepyourhealthdeclarationandreturnyourcustomsdeclaration.PleasekeepthemwithyouandbepreparedtosurrenderthemwhenyouleaveSingapore.Thishotelhasverygoodtelephoneservices.Therearethreedifferenttypes.Firstthere’sinternationaldirectdialservice.Itoffersyouadirecttelephoneservicetomorethan100citiesintheworld.參考答案：ACFED

31/59任務型閱讀模擬題3___F61.Thesuitableheadingfortheparagraphis“Medicaladvancesandobesity”.___A62.Thesuitableheadingfortheparagraphis“ObesitygrowthintheU.S.”___B63.Thesuitableheadingfortheparagraphis“McDonald’sFrenchfries”.___C64.Thesuitableheadingfortheparagraphis“Bigmealsandobesity”.___D65.Thesuitableheadingfortheparagraphis“Computerandobesity”.32/59A.Georgiaisthehomestateofcornbread,barbecue,peachpie,andawholelotofreallyfatpeople.----21.1percentofthestate’spopulation,tobeexact,isobese(veryfat).Tenyearsago,thecornbread,barbecue,andpeachpiewerealljustasgoodastheyarenow,butonly9.5percentofGeorgianswereobese.Whatchanged?Obesityisskyrocketingineveryagegroup,ineveryrace,inbothgenders,andineverystateoftheunion.Themostobesityregioninthecountryremainsthesouth----fourofthefive,butthespectacularrecentgrowthinobesityisnationwide,ledbyGeorgiabutfollowedbyNewMexico,Virginia,andVermont.In1991,alittleover12percentofthecountrywasobese;by1999,itwasalmost20percent.33/59B.Well,onethingthathaschangedistheportionsizesasfastfoodjointslikeMcDonald’s.In1970,McDonald’sofferedonesizeofFrenchfries;todaythatsizeiscalled“small”.Eventually,itintroducedanewsizeandcalledit“l(fā)arge”;todaythatsizeiscalled“medium”.Thereisanewlargersize,butyoudon’thavetosettleforthat----youcanalways“supersizeit”andgoastepbeyondlarge.Therefore,biggerportionsdon’tnecessarilytranslateintobiggermeals.Whenportionsweresmall,youcouldbuytwoordersoffriesandeatthemboth;nowthatportionsareenormous,youcanbuyonesupersizedorderandshareitwithyourfamily.34/59C.Peopleareeatingmorefriesthesedays,andtherecomesaquestion:Dobigmealscauseobesityordoesobesitycausebigmeals?DidMcDonald’sdecideonpurposetofattenusupordiditsmarketresearchrevealthatbiggercustomersweredemandingbiggerportions?Mymoneyisonthelatter.Afterall,McDonald’swasjustasgreedyin1970astoday,soifwehadwantedsupersizesbackthen,we’dhavegottenthem.35/59D.Well,whatelsehaschanged?Here’sthethought:dothescientificadvancesresultinit?Tenyearsago,youcouldn’treadamagazinewithoutwalkingtothenewsstandoratleasttothemailbox;todayyougetanythingfromthesamechairwhereyouwork.Chatwithfriendsanddohalfyourshopping.Dothesefacilitiesmakeusfat?Thefactssuggestsotherwise:Obesitytendstobehighestinstateswherecomputerownershiparelowest,andthatistrueevenafteryoucontrolforincome.Furthermore,increasesinobesityhighestinstateswherecomputerownershiparelowest.So,theevidencegoesagainstthecomputersseemtokeepustrim-----maybebecausetheyaresointerestingthatweforgettoeat,ormaybebecauseweburncaloriesinsilentrageeverytimethesystemcrashes.36/59E.Likewise,incomeshaverisen,butthatcutsbothways.Aswegetricher,wecanaffordmorefood,butwecanaffordbetterqualityfood.Andbetterqualityhealthclubs.Onnet,thereisnostatisticallysignificantcorrelation(ineitherdirection)betweenchangesinincomeandchangesinobesity.37/59Andthereisoneplausiblestory:the1990ssawthecomingofdrugslikePravacholthatcanobviouslyprolongyourlife.Withmedicaladvanceslikethat,whoneedtobethin?Certainlyobsesityisbadforyou,butitisnotasbadasitusedtobe.Thepriceofobesity(measuredinhealthrisks)isdown;sorationalconsumerswillchoosemoreofit.參考答案：FABCD38/59任務型閱讀模擬題4____61.Thisjacketwillgiveyouthegreatest

protectioninbadweather.____62.Youcanremovethehoodofthisjacketwhenyoufeelhot.____63.Thisjacketmakesmorenoisewhenyourunthananyotherjackets.____64.Youcannotbuythisjacketatthemoment.____65.Thisissuitableasafashionjacket,too.39/59A.

FineForm$119.99FeaturesConcealedhood(兜帽);frontandbackreflectivetrim;twosidepockets.EvaluationThisisanidealjacketspeciallydesignedfortherunningmarket.Itisheavierthansomeoftheothermodels,butit’scertainlythebestonetobewearinginthemidstofastorm.Duetotheweight,youtendtobeinasweatwhenyou’rerunning,whichitstrugglestoclear.Itisexpensivebutwellfinishedthroughout.Thehoodisbulkywhenrolledawayinthecollarandwouldbebetterunfastened.40/59B.

HighFlyer$49.99FeaturesReflectivepiping;half-bodylining;twosidepockets.EvaluationIfyouwantlightandquiet,thisisyourjacket.Thematerialmustbeoneofthelightestaround.Ithasasoft,cotton-likefeelwhichcutsdownontheusualnoiseofthejacketrubbingagainstitself.Butwhilewaterinitiallybeadedandfelloffthejacket,inaheavydownpouritcanbecomequitedampinside.However,itdiddryoutagainparticularlyquickly.Ifyou’reworriedaboutprice,thisisagoodoption.41/59C.

RunRiot$79.99FeaturesConcealedhood;reflectivepiping;sidepockets.

EvaluationTheirnewmaterial,Vortex,isextremelylight,fullywaterproofandseemstobreatheprettywell.Ratherthanjustawarm-upjacket,thisreallyisamodelwefeltyoucouldtrainin.Theall-roundventshelpthebodybreathe,andthoughthemeshliningwassometimesdampafterarun,theoutermaterialwasn’t.(NBThejacketisnotonsaleuntilnextseason.)42/59D.Storm-trooper$119.99FeaturesReflectivetrimonbodyandsleeves;elasticatedVelcrocuffs;thickcollar.EvaluationDespiteitsappearance,Storm-troop’sweatherproofmaterialhasasoftfeel.However,althoughthelargebackventshelpaircirculate,itdoesn’tkeepyouperfectlydryinside,andthefleecycollardoesn’thelp.Nevertheless,everyonewhoraninthejacketlikeditalot.Infact,itlookedalmosttoogoodtogooutrunningin.Theonecuriousthingisthecolor.Despitethereflectiveelements,near-blackisastrangechoiceforawinterjacket.43/59E.

ArloBlockout$99.99FeaturesDoublestormflap,atfront;adjustableVelcrostrapsonsleeves;hoodrollsawayintocollar.

EvaluationAsthedroppedtail,slightlyheaviermaterialandstormflapsshow,thisisnotspeciallyarunningjacket.Thatdoesn’tmeanyoucan’truninit.Youcan,althoughyoufeelandhearitalotmorethantheothers.Thewater-proofingisexcellent,butitstrugglestoallowanyaircirculationonlongerruns.Butifyouintendtodomorethanruninthejacket,thisistheoneforyou.答案：１.A2.F3.E4.C5.D

44/59F.

FineWorld$84.99FeaturesReflectivepipingonbackofshouldersandlogooncollar;detachablehood;twosidepockets.EvaluationFineWorldsetoutwiththeintentoffindingafullywaterproof,breathablematerialandaffordableprice.Ithaslargelyachievedthatwithacoatednylonwhichisfairlylight,reasonablyquietandcertainlykeepsoutwater.Whereitsuffersisinitsabilitytokeepyoudryinside.Thepolyesterliningwasalwayswetaftereveryrun,especiallyaroundtheupperbody,butitshoodisabletoberemoved.45/59任務型閱讀模擬題5_____61.Michaelhasbeenworkinghardandneedsaholidaytorelaxinwinter.Hewouldgotoaplacewherehecanenjoysportsanddancing,andheespeciallylikesswimming._____62.PeterandMaria,whoareuniversitystudents,wouldliketospendtheirholidaysinaplacewhichischeapandsoundsveryinteresting._____63.AnelderlycoupleHarryandKateareveryinterestedinculturesandhistoriesofothercountriesbutKatehatesflying.Theywouldliketogotoaplacewheretheycanspend21daysvisitingancientcities._____64.JackandMary,bothteachers,andtheirtwoteenagesonshavetotaketheirholidayduringtheschoolsummerholidays.Thebestholidayforthemwouldbetheonewhichisquieteveninthebusysummerseasonandwherethereareplentyforboys.46/59（A）HOLIDAYHOMESINMOLLORCAHolidayapartmentsinMollorcasailingandfishingport--quieteveninsummerseasonBeautifullysituatedapartmentswithviewsofseaandmountains,yetneartoshopsandrestaurantsCarsandbicyclesforhire.Sailingandsportsclubsnearby.（B)ITALYINCOMFORT

LuxurycarriagetoursofItaly,outofnormalholidayseason.Threeweeks’leisurely(休閑)daytovisitfiveItaliancitiesstaringfromLondon1stMay-----1stSeptember.ThetoursareguidedbyProfessorMartinDavis,formallyheadofItalianstudies,LondonUniversity.SeetheartsandcultureofhistoricItaly.47/59(C)KIBBUTZHOLIDAYINISRAELWorkingholidaysonakibbutz(co-operativefarm)inIsrael.Allnationalitieswelcomeforonetothreemonths,ifpreparedtoworkmorningswithkibbutzmembers.Accommodations,foodandtripstohistoricsightsallprovidedfree----youpayonlyforthespeciallow-costreturnflight.(D)

TWOWEEKSONACARIBBEANISLANDTwo-weekholidaysintheluxurioushotelSplendid,onalovelybeachwithgoldensandsanddeep-bluesea.Tennis,golf,sailingandwatersports.Tripsandtoursaroundthe1stNovember-31March:$720perperson1stApril-30thOctober:$850perperson

48/591.把考生對語篇領悟能力作為檢測重點和基本點。2