高考英語讀寫任務(wù)解題技巧新市公開課一等獎百校聯(lián)賽優(yōu)質(zhì)課金獎名師賽課獲獎?wù)n件

讀寫任務(wù)專題復(fù)習(xí)1/65◆作文題特點(1)話題：均在《課程標準》或《考試說明》要求24個話題之內(nèi)。(2)題材：貼近學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)與生活，為考生所熟悉。(3)概括：普通是要求概括全文，但也可能要求概括其中某個小段落、某個人物或某個方面，如年高考題(僅此一年)。2/65(4)內(nèi)容：要求考生發(fā)表觀點寫作內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點明確，近四年高考中每年都有3條詳細內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點。普通說來，考生都有話可寫。(5)詞數(shù)：從近四年高考改卷實際來看，似乎對字數(shù)沒有嚴格要求。以上四年高考滿分作文，摘要在26—38個詞之間，符合約30個詞要求；但發(fā)表觀點部分，均大大超出120個詞。所以，寫作時以表示思想為主，無須拘泥字數(shù)多少。3/65◆考生得分情況本題滿分25分，近四年全省高考考生得分率均在40%左右，即10分左右，還有很大上升空間。據(jù)此，該題是使你獲取高分，與其它考生拉開距離有效突破口。4/65高考英語讀寫任務(wù)任務(wù)考查能力1.概括短文內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點閱讀概括能力語言組織能力語言表示能力篇章組織能力2.發(fā)表看法/敘述相關(guān)經(jīng)歷內(nèi)容組織能力分析問題、處理問題能力5/65任務(wù)一：概括短文關(guān)鍵點常見錯誤應(yīng)對策略1.無法抓住短文關(guān)鍵點2.無法擺脫原文句子a.仔細閱讀全文；b.找出關(guān)鍵詞（句）;c.理清關(guān)鍵詞（句）間關(guān)系d.借助關(guān)鍵詞，用自己語言恰當?shù)馗爬P(guān)鍵點。6/65任務(wù)二：發(fā)表看法/敘述相關(guān)經(jīng)歷常見錯誤應(yīng)對策略1.遺漏內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點2.兩部分之間銜接唐突3.句式單一緊緊圍繞內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點，列出寫作提要抓住兩部分間內(nèi)在聯(lián)絡(luò),恰當使用過渡性連接詞恰當利用各種句式簡單句和復(fù)合句相結(jié)合，正確利用非謂語動詞7/65◆解題步驟(1)審題，明確題目要求。經(jīng)過審題，搞清題目要求概括整篇文章內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點，還是文章中某個方面內(nèi)容(如年)。要明確文章主題、寫作內(nèi)容、主要時態(tài)和主體人稱等問題。其中主體人稱，就是要確定以第幾人稱進行寫作。8/65(2)閱讀，抓住內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點。閱讀短文，找出文章內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點。①議論文：找出論點、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。若文中有一分為二觀點，兩種觀點都要概括，不要遺漏其中一方觀點。②記敘文：找出時間(when)，地點(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，結(jié)果怎么樣(how)等五要素。其中，最主要關(guān)鍵點是“某人(who)做了做事(what)”。若是夾敘夾議文章，還要加上作者看法、觀點、經(jīng)驗、感悟等。9/65③說明文和新聞報道：通常會有中心句(多在首段)，寫概要時要注意找出中心句，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。對現(xiàn)象分析型說明文，要找出“現(xiàn)象”“造成這種現(xiàn)象原因”“處理這種現(xiàn)象或問題辦法或提議”。④講話稿：通常會很明確地表明觀點或態(tài)度，寫概要時要從講話者言語中明確作者態(tài)度，把握作者寫作目標。或先概括每段大意，進而歸納全文主旨。尤其提醒：利用題中“寫作內(nèi)容”關(guān)鍵點，可了解閱讀材料主旨大意，掌握概要寫作方向。10/65(3)概括，轉(zhuǎn)述作者觀點。在找出文章內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點后，就要用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述原文內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點。要注意在用詞或句式上做到同義轉(zhuǎn)換，防止剽竊之嫌。概括關(guān)鍵點切忌加入自己觀點，一定要忠于原文。(4)過渡，引出自己觀點。寫了摘要后，用句過渡話，再引出自己觀點(贊成或反對)或引出類似故事。11/65◆篇章結(jié)構(gòu)讀寫任務(wù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)可大致描述為：(1)標題。(有時不一定要求擬標題)(2)第1段：用一兩句話概括所給短文內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點，約30詞。提議控制在25—35詞之間。(3)第2—4段：發(fā)表看法或議論時，依照試題所給內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點(四年高考均為3個關(guān)鍵點)本身次序，標準上每個關(guān)鍵點單獨寫一個自然段，這不但確保寫作內(nèi)容覆蓋全部寫作點，而且層次清楚，讓閱卷老師一目了然；若其中兩條邏輯關(guān)系尤其緊密，也可用一個自然段來表示。(4)最終依據(jù)需要，能夠加一句總結(jié)性話。12/65PartOneHowtograspthemainideaofapassage----InTask-Writing?13/65準全用精煉語言概括出文章中心思想要注意文章內(nèi)涵和外延,把作者觀點準確地表示出來.要排除掉那些片面內(nèi)容和觀點,選取包含文章主要內(nèi)容及作者觀點,范圍不宜過大或過小.精14/65Howtosummarizeanarration/story:Skill:要素串聯(lián)法

記敘文：找出時間(when)，地點(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，結(jié)果怎么樣(how)等五要素。其中，最主要關(guān)鍵點是“某人(who)做了做事(what)”。若是夾敘夾議文章，還要加上作者看法、觀點、經(jīng)驗、感悟等。15/65ExpressthemainideaofExe.1inyourownwordsusingabout30words.(5mins)16/65Everyonehasanexperiencetheywouldrathernotforget.Someareembarrassing,somearemoving,andsometeachusalesson.Hereisastoryofmine.LastSundayIwentfishing.Aftersettingupmyfishingrodwithbait,Isatdownonthebankofthelake.Buttwohourslater,Ididn’tcatchanyfish.Igotveryangryandbegantopackupmystuff,preparingtogobackhome.Justthen,Isawanoldmansittingnearme.Tomysurprise,hisbasketwasfulloffish,soIwentovertohim,wantingtoknowwhy.“Excuseme,buthowlonghaveyousathere?”Iasked.“Aboutfourhours,”heanswered.“Fourhours?”Icouldn’tbelievemyears.“Yes.It’sveryimportanttobepatient,”theoldmansaid.“Don’tconsiderfishingatiringsport.Justenjoyit.”Suddenly,Iunderstoodwhathesaid.Imustlearntobepatient.ThenIsatthereandwaitedforfishpatiently.Ifeltafishtouchthebait,butIdidn’tmoveandwaitedfortherightmomenttoreelitin.Atlast,Icaughtit.Thismademeveryhappy.Inthefollowingsixhours,Icaughtover10fish.Onmywayhome,Ithoughtwhathadhappenedonthebank.Igraduallyrealizedthatthesecretofsuccesswaspatience.

17/65Thestoryisaboutanunforgettablelessonofthewriterfromanoldmanwhilefishing,throughwhichthewriterrealizedpatiencewasveryimportantandthatitwasthesecretofsuccess.(33)18/65Youmaybeginlikethese:

1.Thepassage/storyismainlyabout(talksabout)…2.Thewriter/authortellsusabout…3.Thepassagenarratesthat…故事性閱讀材料，應(yīng)該用最簡練語言來說明故事講述了什么，不能拖泥帶水，而且最好講述該故事給你啟示或其中一個道理。

19/65HowtosummarizeanargumentationSkill:議論三步法/段落合并法

議論文：找出論點、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。若文中有一分為二觀點，兩種觀點都要概括，不要遺漏其中一方觀點。20/65ExpressthemainideaofExe.2inyourownwordsusingabout30words.(5mins)21/65HowtosummarizeanexpositionSkill:中心句挖掘法說明文和新聞報道：通常會有中心句(多在首段)，寫概要時要注意找出中心句，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。對現(xiàn)象分析型說明文，要找出“現(xiàn)象”“造成這種現(xiàn)象原因”“處理這種現(xiàn)象或問題辦法或提議”。22/65ExpressthemainideaofExe.3inyourownwordsusingabout30words.(5mins)23/65

Teamworkisaboutpeopleworkingtogetherasateam.Theideahasspreadfromtheworldofsportstobusiness.Inthe21stcentury,aspeopleandtheirworkarebecomingmoretechnicallyadvanced,workingasateammakesiteasiertogetthingsdone.

Somethingscannotbedonebypeopleworkingindividually.Morecomplexgoalsusuallyrequirethatpeopleworktogether.Anyonewhohaseverbeentoajobinterviewwillalmostcertainlyhavebeenaskedwhatteamworkmeanstothem.Thisisbecausecompanieswantpeoplewhoareteamplayers,whocangetalongwiththeircolleaguesandworktogetherinagroup.Becauseteamworkisrequiredbymanyorganizationstoday,theywilloftenorganizeteambuildingeventsinanattempttogetpeopletoworkasateamthanasindividuals.

24/65Therearesevenimportantskillsthatonemustlearninordertobeasuccessfulteamplayer.Theyareasfollows:Listening---listenandallowpeopletofreelyexpresstheirideas.Questioning---askquestionsanddiscusstheobjectivesoftheteam.Persuading---encouragepeopletoexchange,defend,andrethinktheirideas.Respecting---treatotherswithrespectandtosupporttheirideas.Helping---helpone’spartners,thisisthegeneralthemeofteamwork.Sharing---shareideasandresourceswiththeteamtocreateanenvironmentofteamwork.Participating---allmembersoftheteamareencouragedtoparticipateintheteam.25/65

Thepassagestatestheimportanceofteamworkinbusinessandthat,inamorecompetitiveworld,peoplemustco-operateinordertoachievetheirgoals.Besides,seventeamworkskillsarealsodescribed.(32)26/65Youmaybeginlikethese:1.Itisstatedinthearticlethat…2.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat…3.Thepassagepointsoutthat…假如是說明性短文,你就必須用概括文字來說明某種現(xiàn)象。27/65Summary

1.概括要抓住關(guān)鍵點,語言精練:

閱讀材料設(shè)計與“寫作內(nèi)容”設(shè)計應(yīng)該是渾然一體。假如給閱讀材料是一個故事，應(yīng)該用最簡練語言來說明故事講述了什么，不能拖泥帶水，而且最好講述該故事給你啟示或其中一個道理。

假如是說明性或描述性短文,你就必須用概括文字來說明某種現(xiàn)象。

假如是議論文閱讀短文,則要盡可能客觀簡明地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料觀點。

28/65Summary

2.Focusonmainideasandomit(省去)examples,

details.(重視大意，省去詳細例子、細節(jié))3.Donotincludeyourownopinion,butbesuretouseyourownwords..(不能添加自己見解，不過要用自己語言概括）4.Writeitinthe

thirdperson.（第三人稱）5.Controlthenumberofwordsabout30.(25-40個字之內(nèi)不會造成扣分)

6.Howtocheckthesummary:看關(guān)鍵點／看人稱／看時態(tài)／看語法／看結(jié)構(gòu)29/65Scientistsfindthathard-workingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenarehealthierthanhousewives.Evidenceshowsthatthejoblessareinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders.Astudyshowsthatwhenevertheemploymentrateincreasesby1%,thedeathrateincreasecorrespondingly(對應(yīng)地)by2%.Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint:workishelpfultohealth.Whyisworkgoodforhealth?Itisbecauseworkkeepspeoplebusy,awayfromloneliness.Researchesshowthatpeoplefeelunhappy,worriedandlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Instead,thehappiestarethosewhoarebusy.Workservesasabridgebetweenmanandreality.Bywork,peoplecomeintocontactwitheachother.Bycollectiveactivities,theyfindfriendshipandwarmth.Thisishelpfultohealth.Thelossofworkmeansthelossofeverything.Itaffectsmanspirituallyandmakeshimlikelytodisease.Besides,workgivesoneasenseoffulfillmentandasenseofachievement.Workmakesonefeelhisvalueandstatusinsociety.Whenawriterfinisheshiswritingorteacherseeshisstudentsgrow,theyarehappybeyondwords.30/65

Theauthorhighlightstheeffectofworkonpeople’shealth,becauseitcanridoneofloneliness,andmakeonefeelfruitfulandproudofhimself,whichalwayscontributestoagoodbody.(33)31/65Usuallythebeginningofasummaryis:1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat…2.Wecanknowfromthepassage

3.Asfarastheauthorisconcerned,…假如是議論文閱讀短文,則要盡可能客觀簡明地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料觀點。4.Thechapteraboveisconcerning+n.32/65

Hi,IamMike.Ijustwentthroughmyfirstyearofcollege.Thetoughestpartonmeatfirstwasthegeneraladjustment.Iwenttoaverysmallhighschoolwheremymomwasateacherandshedidpracticallyeverythingforme.ButatthecollegeIneededtoknowsomebasiclifeskills.suchasbalancingacheck—book,laundry,andthethingsyouhavetobeabletohandlethatIneverthoughtofinthehighschool!ItwasreallytoughformeatfirstandIgotbadlyhomesick.OncethatfirstsemesterwasoverandIgotusedtothecollegelife,Ilovedit—goodfacilities,helpfulinstructors.andagoodlibrary.TheStudents’Unionorganizesvariouspartieseveryweek.Ialsogotocinemasandconcerts,andoftenspendSaturdaynightsinpubsandclubs.08高考真題33/65

OnethingIthinkisimportantistogetyourselfactiveinthings.Iwasonthedanceteamincollegeandmetatonofpeoplethatway···itwassomucheasiertomakefriendswhenyouhadacommonground.[寫作內(nèi)容]學(xué)校最近組織了一次中美學(xué)生交流活動，你參加其中“大學(xué)校園生活”討論。聽完Mike講話之后，你準備寫一份講話稿，題目是“PreparingMyselfforCollegeLife”，內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵點包含：1.以約30個詞概括Mike講話關(guān)鍵點；2.然后以約120個詞談?wù)勀憷硐氪髮W(xué)生活，內(nèi)容包含：(1)對中學(xué)生活感受；(2)理想大學(xué)生活；(3)中學(xué)生活和大學(xué)生活差異，以及你打算怎樣適應(yīng)。34/65It’syourshowtime35/65ThepassagemainlytellsusMike’smotherdidalmosteverythingforhimwheninhighschool,whichbroughthimahardtimeadjustingtothefirst-yearcollegelife.However,afterwardshegotaccustomedtoitbecauseoftheacademicatmosphereandcolorfulactivitiesthere.

（39詞）Howtocheckthesummary?看關(guān)鍵點／看人稱／看時態(tài)／看語法／看結(jié)構(gòu)36/65Part2概括段與下文承接

讀寫任務(wù)是先”讀”后”寫”,是讀后有感而發(fā),“讀內(nèi)容”和“感內(nèi)容”要有機地聯(lián)絡(luò)起來，即短文概括與發(fā)表議論段落要合理地承接起來才是一篇連貫文章。當然，詳細承接方式需要依據(jù)詳細寫作內(nèi)容而定。普通情況下，承接方式可視原閱讀材料文體而定。

37/651、閱讀材料假如是議論文，作者已經(jīng)有鮮明觀點，可采取以下句式承接下文：

假如你觀點與閱讀材料觀點完全一致，你應(yīng)該表態(tài)，可使用以下過渡句：1)Ican’tagreewiththeauthormore.2)ThisisjustwhatIwanttosay.38/65

假如你不完全同意閱讀材料觀點，可使用以下過渡句：1)Thisopinionisonlypartlyright.2)ThereistruthinthisopinionbutIthink…3)Whileitisrighttosaythat…itiswrongtosaythat…

39/65

假如你完全不一樣意閱讀材料觀點,可使用以下過渡句：

1)Icannotdisagreewiththeauthormorehere.2)Thisideaisjustunacceptable.

40/65

2、故事性文章，需要先揭示主題(可包含在概括中，也可用作過渡句），引出作者觀點，如第二部分為議論文，普通可采取下面句子承接：1)Thisstoryshowsustheimportance/necessityof…2)Wecanseefromthepassagethat…3)Fromthispassage,wecanknowthat…41/651)Thisstoryremindsmeofanotherstorythathappenedto…2)Thisstoryremindsmeofasimilarexperienceof…如第二部分寫作內(nèi)容要求為記敘文或在議論文中引用自己或他人經(jīng)歷時，普通可采取下面句子承接：42/65

3、說明文或新聞報道為讀者提供一定信息或揭示描述某種社會問題，作者寫作意圖往往沒有明白地在文章中表示出來，所以我們在概括完原文關(guān)鍵點后，往往要先把作者寫作意圖點明后才發(fā)表自己意見?？刹扇∫韵戮涫匠薪酉挛模?/p>

1）Thispassageshouldarouseourawarenessof…2)Thispassagedrawsourattentionto…3)Theproblemtalkedaboutinthispassageisworthourconcerns.43/65▲引出經(jīng)歷Ithinkthestorycanteachusthatwhenweworktogetherwecanachievemorethanwhenwecompete.Itisawin-wineffect.Thestoryremindsmeofmyownexperience…我認為這個故事能夠教育我們合作會比競爭能取得更大成功，會有雙贏效果。這個故事讓我想起了我一段經(jīng)歷……(廣州二模)經(jīng)典范例44/65▲引出類例Thisistruewiththepeoplearoundme.Thoughpeoplearepleasedtoreceivepraise,theyarenotaccustomedtoexpressingtheirappreciationofothers’effortandachievementintheirpresence.我周圍人也是這么，即使他們愿意接收贊揚，不過他們并不習(xí)慣在眾人面前對他人努力和成績表示稱贊。(揭陽一模)45/65▲說出體會Iwasdeeplyinspiredbysuchastory,asitmakesmerealizetheimportanceofagoal…這個故事讓我深受啟發(fā)，因為它使我意識到設(shè)置目標主要性……(揭陽二模)Thisstoryteachesusthatweshouldnotjudgepeopleonlybytheirappearance.這個故事告訴我們，我們不應(yīng)該僅憑外表來判斷人。(廣州二模)46/65▲書寫回信IquiteunderstandhowyoufeelbutstillIthinkyoumaybeworryingunnecessarily.我非常了解你心情，不過我依然認為你在杞人憂天。(廣州期末)47/65▲引出觀點Peopleexpressedtheirsympathyafterhearingthetragedy.Inmyopinion,thisincidentreflectsalackofawarenessofsafetyprocedures.聽到這個悲劇人們會表示同情。我認為，這個事實反應(yīng)出缺乏安全規(guī)程。(三校聯(lián)考)Althoughtheteacher’sideaseemsreasonable,Idon’tquiteagreewithhim.即使這個老師想法似乎有道理，不過我并不十分贊同。(華附三模)48/65▲表明觀點Inmyopinion,Icompletelyagreewiththemeasuretakenbytheheadmaster.在我看來，我完全贊成校長所采取辦法。AsfarasIamconcerned,IaminfavorofTVadsbecausesomeofthemareinterestingandinformative.就我個人而言，我贊成電視廣告，因為它們有一些有趣信息。Frommypointofview,oneshouldneverrelyonlyonwealthtoachievehappiness.在我看來，人不能只是依賴財富來取得高興。49/65Part3例證，論證自己觀點。議論文——在提出自己觀點后，就用詳細事例來論證自己觀點。記敘文——編寫與閱讀文章主題相同但情節(jié)不一樣故事(親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu))。50/65Part4結(jié)論注意前后呼應(yīng)總結(jié)句開頭用語：Inconclusion,…Inshort,…Tomakealongstoryshort,…Ingeneral,…Inaword,…Inbelief,…Onthewhole,…Allinall,Tosumup,Inbrief,…51/65啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合啟:開啟觀點，開篇點題

承:包括文章第二段（拓展段），原因一、二、三，方面一、二、三要有層次感

轉(zhuǎn)：表示轉(zhuǎn)折合:表示合并總結(jié)52/65

PeopleinasouthChinacityprotestedthegovernment’sbuildingtheincineratorplant,whichtheresidentsthoughtwouldreleaseharmfulsubstances.Thegovernmentandthecitizensaredividedonthispoint.

Personally,thetrash-firedpowerplantsmaycontributeto(有利于)thegovernment’scopingwiththeincreasinggarbagewhichwillbeabigprobleminfuture.However,theplantwillofcoursereleasesubstancesintotheairwhichdoharmtothepeoplearoundbecauseofitswayofdealingwiththerubbish.Itisdifficulttodecideontheproject.

53/65

Peopleshoulddispose(處理)thegarbageproperly.Wemustrecyclethemateriallikepaper,glass,clothingandsoon.What’simportant,thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestochangepeople’swasteandleftoversintofertilizersforfarmer’splantingcrops.Mostimportantly,someharmfulwastelikebatteriesshouldbetreatedproperlyandrecycled.Itisagoodchoicetocombinechemicaltreatment,garbagesortingandrecyclinginareasonableway.Garbagedisposalisamajorproblemallovertheworld,sowemusttrytoreducethegarbageindailylife.54/65Allinall,________________________.55/65怎樣提升作文檔次(1)表示精練簡練:表示不要羅嗦,若能用非謂語動詞做定語或狀語就不要用定語從句或狀語從句.(2)防止低級錯誤:防止語法和拼寫低級錯誤,防止被扣印象分.(3)確保賞心悅目:重視字體美化,保持卷面整齊,提升印象分.(4)句子錯落有致:依據(jù)表示需要,交叉使用長句與短句,簡單句與復(fù)合句.(5)句式各種多樣:多樣化句式,方能顯示較強語言功底,大大提升作文檔次.56/65多樣化句式(1)用itis/was…that…強調(diào)句式.(2)用作狀語介詞短語開頭完全倒裝句或用以onlyinthisway等開頭部分倒裝句.(3)用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with+賓語+賓補)作狀語.(4)用非謂語動詞簡化狀語從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu).(5)用what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句.(6)用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu).(7)恰當利用感嘆句,被動句等.(8)適當使用插入語,如tobehonest,Iguess,Ithink,personally等.(9)盡