新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二版綜合教程2-Unit-5-B篇練習(xí)答案及課文翻譯名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課獲獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

第1頁(yè)ContentsActiveReading2第2頁(yè)WarmingUpDoyouhaveahobby?Parkour(sometimesabbreviatedtoPK)isautilitariandisciplinebaseduponthedirect,successful,swifttraversingofone’ssurroundingenvironmentviathepracticalapplicationoftechniques,basedaroundtheconceptofself-preservation.第3頁(yè)Itisanon-competitive,physicaldisciplineofFrenchorigininwhichparticipantsrunalongaroute,attemptingtonegotiateobstaclesinthemostefficientwaypossible,usingonlytheirbodies.Skillssuchasjumping,climbing,vaulting,rolling,swingingandwallscalingareemployed.Parkourcanbepracticedanywhere,butareasdensewithobstaclesarepreferableanditismostcommonlypracticedinurbanareas.Now,watchthevideoclipandhavesomefurtherknowledgeaboutparkour.Maybe,someday,itwillbecomeyourhobby.Whoknows?WarmingUp第4頁(yè)Nowhaveadiscussionwithyourpartnersaboutthefollowingsuggestedhobbies.Areyouinterestedinanyofthem?Ordoyoupreferanythingelse?Stateyourreasons.WarmingUpGardeningExplorephotographyMaintainasaltwateraquariumPainting第5頁(yè)

WarmingUpWritingPlayingpianoPuzzlesKnittingCross-stitchSportsCollectingcoins第6頁(yè)Nowdoyouwanttostartanewhobby?WarmingUp第7頁(yè)TextPaintingasapastimeAbouttheauthorOutlineofthetextGotothetext第8頁(yè)TextWinstonChurchill

溫斯頓·丘吉爾（英國(guó)保守黨政治家，著作家，首相）WinstonChurchill(1874–1965)wasaBritishpoliticianknownchieflyforhisleadershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar.HeservedasPrimeMinisterfrom1940to1945andagainfrom1951to1955.Churchillwasalsoakeenbricklayer,painterandwriter.Churchillwasalsoakeenbricklayer,painterandwriter.HewastheonlyBritishPrimeMinistertohaveeverwontheNobelPrizeforLiterature(in1953).During1956–1958hecompletedAHistoryoftheEnglishSpeakingPeoples.第9頁(yè)TextTheroaringlion第10頁(yè)TextChurchill’spaintings第11頁(yè)OutlineofthetextTextPaintingasaPastimeThebenefitsofhobbiesTheprocessofdevelopingahobbyChoosingappropriatehobbiesTheproblemofboredomContrastingviewsofworkandpleasure第12頁(yè)P(yáng)aintingasapastime1

A

giftedAmericanpsychologisthassaid,“Worryisaspasmoftheemotion;themindcatchesholdofsomethingandwillnotletitgo.”Itisuselesstoarguewiththemindinthiscondition.Thestrongerthewill,themorefutilethetask.One

canonlygentlyinsinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp.Andifthissomethingelseisrightlychosen,ifitisreallyattendedbytheilluminationofanotherfieldofinterest,gradually,andoftenquiteswiftly,theoldunduegriprelaxesandtheprocessofrecuperationandrepairbegins.Text第13頁(yè)2

Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportancetoapublicman.Butthisisnotabusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftlyimprovisedbyamerecommandofthewill.Thegrowthofalternativementalinterestsisalongprocess.Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbesedulouslytended,ifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.Text第14頁(yè)3

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiled

todeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Text第15頁(yè)

Itisnouseofferingthemanuallabourer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweekend.Text第16頁(yè)4

Asfortheunfortunatepeoplewhocancommandeverythingtheywant,whocangratifyeverycapriceandlaytheirhandsonalmosteveryobjectofdesire–forthemanewpleasure,anewexcitementisonlyanadditional

satiation.Invaintheyrushfranticallyroundfromplacetoplace,tryingtoescapefromavengingboredombymereclatterandmotion.Forthemdisciplineinoneformoranotheristhemosthopefulpath.Text第17頁(yè)5

Itmaybesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.Text第18頁(yè)

ButFortune’sfavouredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.Indeed,itmaywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirminds.Text■第19頁(yè)Text繪畫消遣（節(jié)選）1

一位天才美國(guó)心理學(xué)家說過：“煩惱是感情發(fā)作；此時(shí)大腦纏住了某種東西不愿放手?！痹谶@種情況下，和頭腦爭(zhēng)論（讓它放手）是無用。愿望越強(qiáng)烈，與之爭(zhēng)論就越是徒勞。你只能溫和地將另一個(gè)東西慢慢灌輸?shù)蒋d攣狀態(tài)頭腦中。假如（這一東西）選得恰當(dāng)，而且它真從另一領(lǐng)域情趣中受到啟迪話，那么逐步地，往往也是快速地，原先不適當(dāng)“不愿放手”就會(huì)慢慢放松，恢復(fù)和補(bǔ)救過程就會(huì)開始。第20頁(yè)Text2

所以，對(duì)于公眾人物而言，培養(yǎng)業(yè)余興趣和新興趣才是上策。但這并非一日之功，也不是單憑意志力就能做到事情。精神情趣培養(yǎng)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)久過程。要想在需要時(shí)候可隨手摘取充滿生機(jī)果實(shí)，種子就必須精挑細(xì)選，必須播種在肥沃土壤里，還必須辛勤地護(hù)理。

第21頁(yè)Text

3

要想真正高興，真正安全，一個(gè)人最少應(yīng)有兩三種業(yè)余興趣，而且必須是實(shí)際可行。到了晚年才開始說：“我會(huì)培養(yǎng)對(duì)這或?qū)δ桥d趣”，這是沒有用。這種愿望只能加劇精神擔(dān)心。一個(gè)人可能會(huì)取得大量與其日常工作無關(guān)知識(shí)，卻不能從中得到任何益處或?qū)捨?。做你喜歡做事是沒有用，你要喜歡你做事。泛而言之，人能夠分為三類：極其勞累人，極其操心人，極其無聊人。

第22頁(yè)Text

對(duì)于賣了一周力氣、流了一周汗水體力勞動(dòng)者來說，讓他們?cè)谛瞧诹挛缣咦闱蚧虼虬羟蚴遣贿m當(dāng)。一樣，對(duì)于工作了六天、一直為公務(wù)操心政界人士、專業(yè)人員或商人來說，在周未再讓他們?yōu)殡u毛蒜皮瑣事而操心勞累也是無益。

第23頁(yè)Text4

那些能夠支配一切、能夠肆意妄為、能夠染指一切追求目標(biāo)人是“不幸”。對(duì)于他們而言，多一個(gè)新樂趣、多一個(gè)新刺激只是增加一分厭膩而已。他們處處亂跑，企圖靠喧鬧和騷動(dòng)來擺脫無聊對(duì)他們報(bào)復(fù)，但這么做是徒勞。對(duì)他們來說，某種形式紀(jì)律約束是最有希望讓他們走出困境、走上正道。

第24頁(yè)Text

5

能夠這么說，理智，勤勞、有用人能夠分為兩類：第一類人認(rèn)為工作是工作，娛樂是娛樂；第二類人認(rèn)為工作和娛樂是一回事。這兩類人當(dāng)中，第一類人占大多數(shù)。他們是能夠得到賠償。在辦公室或工廠里長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作給他們帶來了酬勞，這不但是謀生伎倆，也使他們對(duì)尋找高興充滿了渴望，哪怕是最簡(jiǎn)單、最質(zhì)樸高興。

第25頁(yè)Text

不過，幸運(yùn)之神偏愛是第二類人。他們生活是一個(gè)自然友好。對(duì)他們來說，工作時(shí)間永遠(yuǎn)都不夠長(zhǎng)，每一天都是假日，而當(dāng)普通節(jié)日來到時(shí)，他們會(huì)感到厭惡，因?yàn)檫@強(qiáng)行打斷了他們埋頭從事工作。然而對(duì)這兩種人來說，換換腦子，改變一下氣氛，轉(zhuǎn)移一下注意力都是不可缺乏。其實(shí)，把工作看成樂趣人，很可能是最需要每隔一段時(shí)間就把工作放下，讓頭腦放松人。

第26頁(yè)pastime

gifted

spasm

futile

insinuate

grip

recuperation

cultivation

improvise

sedulously

manual

trifling

gratify

caprice

excitement

convulsive

rightly

illumination

swiftly

undue

vivify

aggravate

unconnected

toil

bore

additional

satiation

frantically

avenging

boredom

Words&Phrases第27頁(yè)clatter

motion

rational

industrious

compensation

outlookdiversionbanishsustenancegrudgeenforcedinterruptionvocationWords&Phrases第28頁(yè)catchholdof

letsth.go

athand

it’snouse(in)doingsth.

takeaninterestininvain

atintervals

broadlyspeaking

todeath

tireout

asfor

layone’shandsonWords&Phrases第29頁(yè)pastime

n.[C]sth.thatyoudoregularlyforfuninyourfreetime消遣；娛樂e.g.1.

Readingwashisfavouritepastime.

閱讀是他最愛消遣方式。2.EatingoutisthenationalpastimeinFrance.下館子吃飯是全法國(guó)人消遣方式。Words&Phrases第30頁(yè)gifted

a.

withanimpressivenaturalability有天賦e.g.1.Shewasanextremelygiftedpoet.她是一位很有天賦詩(shī)人。2.Don’tsellhershort:She’sverygiftedinsomeareas.別小看她，她有些方面很有天賦。3.Giftedwithasuperbvoice,shebecamethe

Opera’sleadingsoprano.她天生一副好嗓子，成了歌劇團(tuán)領(lǐng)銜女高音。Synonym:

talented

Words&Phrases第31頁(yè)spasm

n.1.

[C]

asuddenstrongfeeling,usuallyanunpleasantone（尤指不愉快情感）一陣發(fā)作e.g.

1.Aspasmoffearbroughthisthoughtsbacktothepresent.一陣恐懼感覺將他思緒帶回到了現(xiàn)在。2.herecameaspasmoflaughterfromtheroom.房間里傳來一陣笑聲。2.

[C,U]asuddenmovementinwhichoneofyourmusclesbecomestightandpainful

痙攣；抽筋e.g.Maggiefeltamusclespasminherback.瑪吉以為背部肌肉一陣抽搐。Words&Phrases第32頁(yè)Words&Phrasesfutile

a.unsuccessful,oruseless無益；無效；無用；徒勞e.g.

1.Myeffortstogobacktosleepprovedfutile.我努力想再次入睡，不過卻純屬徒勞。

2.Itwasfutiletocontinuethenegotiations.

繼續(xù)談判下去也是枉然。Synonym:

pointlessWordfamily:futility

n.第33頁(yè)Words&Phrasesinsinuate

vt.

1.togetintoasituationorpositionbybehavinginawaythatisnotsincere使?jié)撊耄皇沟玫浇蛹{e.g.

1.Hetriedtoinsinuatedoubtsintotheboss’smind.他設(shè)法使老板慢慢產(chǎn)生疑慮。2.HeinsinuatedhimselfintoMehmet’sconfidence.他設(shè)法取得了穆罕默德信任。3.Somehowhealways

manages

to

insinuate

himself

intoour

plans.

不知用什么伎倆他總是能把他自己納入到我們計(jì)劃中。第34頁(yè)2.tosaysth.unpleasantinanindirectway暗示，暗指（令人不快內(nèi)容，尤指某人不老實(shí)）e.g.

1.Itseemstomeyouinsinuatethingsabouther.我以為你講起她來，總有些弦外之音。2.AreyouinsinuatingthatIamaliar?你繞來繞去是否暗指我撒謊?Synonym:imply

Wordfamily:insinuation

n.Words&Phrases第35頁(yè)convulsive

a.1.convulsivemovementsareviolentanddifficulttocontrol驚厥；抽搐；猛烈e.g.

1.Sheburstintoa

convulsive

sobs.她突然抽咽起來。2.Themanletoutaconvulsiveburstoflaughter.

那人發(fā)出爆笑。2.(mainlyjournalism)causingmajorproblemsorseriousharm震動(dòng)e.g.TheassassinationofMartinLutherKingwasoneofthemostconvulsiveeventsofthe1960s.

馬丁·路德·金遇刺是20世紀(jì)60年代最令人震驚事件之一。

Wordfamily:convulsion

n.Words&Phrases第36頁(yè)Words&Phrasesrightly

ad.1.

correctlyoraccurately

正確地；準(zhǔn)確地e.g.Asyousorightlypointedout,thingsaregettingworse.你說得很對(duì)，情況越來越不妙了。

2.foragoodreason合理地；有充分理由地e.g.Theyhavebeentreatedbadly,andtheyarerightlyupset.他們受到了不公正對(duì)待，生氣是有道理。rightlyorwrongly:

且不問對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，不論對(duì)不對(duì)e.g.Theprimeministerwaswidelyjudged,rightlyorwrongly,tobeanhonestman.不論對(duì)不對(duì)，大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為首相是個(gè)老實(shí)人。第37頁(yè)illumination

n.1.

[C,U]anexplanationthatmakessth.easiertounderstand

闡述；解釋；啟發(fā)e.g.

Ifoundgreatilluminationinhiswords.我從他話中得到很大啟發(fā)。2.

[U]

lightthatisprovidedbysth.inaplace照明，光亮e.g.

Whitecandles,theonlyillumination,burnedonthetable.白蠟燭作為唯一照明在桌子上燃燒著。Wordfamily:illuminate

v.Words&Phrases第38頁(yè)swiftly

ad.

inawaythathappensquicklyorimmediately快速地；飛快地；立刻地e.g.Alexmovedswiftlyandsilentlyacrossthelawn.艾利克斯快速而悄悄地穿過草地。Wordfamily:swift

a.

e.g.

1.SheshotaswiftglanceatPaul.她快速地瞥了保羅一眼。2.Itwasaremarkablyswiftrecovery.

真是奇跡般快速康復(fù)。Words&Phrases第39頁(yè)undue

a.(fml)notnecessaryorreasonable無須要；不合理；過分1.Itwouldbewisenottogiveundueimportancetohiscriticisms.最好不要過分看重他批評(píng)。2.Don’ttreatthematterwithunduehaste.

不要過急地處理此事。Antonym:

due

Words&Phrases第40頁(yè)grip

1.

n.

(sing)afirmstronghold抓牢；緊握；緊抓e.g.

1.Holdthemicrophoneinafirmgripandkeepitstill.緊緊握住麥克風(fēng)，不要讓它動(dòng)。2.Thelittlegirlwassofrightenedthatshejustwouldn’tloosenhergriponmyarm.(CET4--01-48)小女孩害怕極了，不愿放開我胳膊。2.

v.

to

hold

sth.

tightly抓牢；緊握；緊抓e.g.

Igrippedtherailandtriednottolookdown.我緊緊抓住欄桿，盡可能不往下看。Words&Phrases第41頁(yè)recuperation

n.[U]

theprocessofgettingbetterafterbeingillorinjured恢復(fù)（健康）；復(fù)原e.g.Thehumanbodyhasamazingpowersofrecuperation.

人體含有驚人復(fù)原力。Wordfamily:recuperate

v.

Synonym:

recoveryn.e.g.

1.Colesisrecuperatingfromasprainedankle.科爾斯扭傷了腳踝，正在康復(fù)。2.Winstonproposedseveralwaysfortheindustrytorecuperate.溫斯頓提出了復(fù)興這個(gè)行業(yè)幾個(gè)方法。Synonym:

recoverv.Words&Phrases第42頁(yè)Words&Phrasescultivation

n.[U]

1.theprocessofdevelopingsth.suchasarelationship,attitude,orskill（人際關(guān)系等）培植；（態(tài)度或技能等）培養(yǎng)e.g.

Hisoutstandingperformancemakeshimworthyofyourcultivation.他表現(xiàn)這么好，不枉你對(duì)他培養(yǎng)。2.

theprocessofgrowingcropsorplants種植；栽培e.g.

Slashandburncultivationwasstillcustomsretainedinafewlocalities.在少數(shù)地方，還保持著“刀耕火種”原始耕作方式。第43頁(yè)3.theuseoflandforgrowingcropsorplants栽培，種植e.g.

Thesefieldshavebeenundercultivationforyears.這些土地已耕作很多年了。Wordfamily:cultivate

v.

cultivatenewfriendscultivatethemindsofstudentscultivatetheabilitytosolveproblemsindependentlycultivatepearlcultivatethehabitoflaughterWords&Phrases結(jié)交新朋友陶冶學(xué)生心靈培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立處理問題能力養(yǎng)殖珍珠養(yǎng)成笑習(xí)慣第44頁(yè)improvise

v.1.todosth.withoutpreparingitfirst,oftenbecausethesituationdoesnotallowyoutoprepare（常因情形不允許事先準(zhǔn)備而）暫時(shí)做，即席做e.g.Hehastheabilitytoimproviseoperaticariasinanygivenstyle.

他有即席創(chuàng)作任一格調(diào)歌劇詠嘆調(diào)能力。2.tomakesth.byusingwhateveryoucanfindbecauseyoudonothavetheequipmentormaterialsthatyouneed暫時(shí)湊合e.g.

Weleftthetentpolesbehind,sowehadtoimprovise.我們忘了帶帳篷支架，所以只好暫時(shí)找別東西湊合。Words&Phrases第45頁(yè)sedulously

ad.

(veryfml)

diligently勤勉地；孜孜不倦地e.g.Hehasbeenworkingsedulouslytogettheprojectdoneontime.

他勤勤懇懇地工作，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目得以按時(shí)完成。Wordfamily:sedulous

a.

e.g.

1.Hisworkischaracterizedbyprecisionandasedulousattentiontodetail.他工作特點(diǎn)是力爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)確和一絲不茍。2.Hewatchedhispatientswiththemostsedulouscare.

他無微不至地照料病人。Words&Phrases第46頁(yè)vivify

vt.togivenewlifeorenergyto使含有生氣e.g.

1.Asmilemayvivifyaface.

微笑使臉變得有活力。2.Rainvivifiesthedesert.

雨水給沙漠帶來生氣。Wordfamily:vivid

a.Words&Phrases第47頁(yè)aggravate

vt.

1.tomakesth.badbecomeworse,especiallyasituationoramedicalcondition

使（尤指局勢(shì)或病情）惡化；加劇e.g.

Theirmoneyproblemswerefurtheraggravatedbyariseininterestrates.因?yàn)槔噬险{(diào)，他們財(cái)務(wù)問題愈加糟糕。2.(mainlyspoken)toannoysb.惹怒，激怒e.g.

Whatreallyaggravatesmeisthewayshewon’tlistentome.讓我大為生氣是她不聽我。Wordfamily:aggravation

n.Words&Phrases第48頁(yè)unconnected

a.1.(~with/to)notrelatedtoeachother無關(guān)聯(lián)e.g.

Wolf’sworkiscompletelyunconnectedtothecurrentstudy.沃爾夫所做工作和當(dāng)前研究毫不相關(guān)。2.notjoinedtoasystem,forexampleinordertoprovideorreceiveelectricityorcommunication（電路、通訊等）未接通e.g.

Besuretoinsulateanylooseunconnectedwireswithelectricaltapeforsafety.為了安全，務(wù)必用電工膠帶絕緣任何未連接電線。Words&Phrases第49頁(yè)toil

1.

vi.

(literary)

toworkveryharddoingsth.difficultandtiring,especiallyphysicalwork（尤指體力活）辛勞地勞作，苦干e.g.

I’vebeentoilingawayatthisessayallweekend.我整個(gè)周末都在埋頭寫這篇論文。2.

vi.tomoveslowlyusinga

lotofeffort

艱難地行走e.g.

Thebustoiledupthesteephill.公共汽車艱難地爬上陡峭山崗。3.

n.

difficultandtiringwork,especiallyphysicalwor辛苦或長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作e.g.

Thejoyoverpaysthetoil.所得高興超出付出辛勞。Words&Phrases第50頁(yè)bore

vt.tomakesb.feelimpatientordissatisfied,especiallybytalkingtothemaboutthingsthatarenotveryinteresting（尤指談?wù)摬惶腥な虑槎┦箙挓〆.g.

1.Recitingtexts

bores

metodeath.背課文煩死我了。2.I’msorry,butwhatheistalkingreally

bores

me.對(duì)不起，他說話真使我厭煩。3.You

might

be

bored

to

death

from

stayingwithhimforawholeweek.和他在一起待上整整一星期，你可能會(huì)以為無聊得要死。Wordfamily:boringa.boreda.

boredom

n.Seealso:boredomWords&Phrases第51頁(yè)manual

1.a.involvingtheuseofyourhands手工e.g.Makingsmallmodelsrequiresmanualskill.制作小模型要手巧。2.a.operatedwithoutelectricity手動(dòng)e.g.Itwouldtaketoolongtodoamanualsearchofallthedata.

手動(dòng)搜尋全部資料將會(huì)花去太多時(shí)間。Wordfamily:manually

ad.Words&Phrases第52頁(yè)e.g.Theships’generatorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated____insteadofmechanically.(CET4--01-70)A)manually B)artificiallyC)automatically D)synthetically3.

n.[C]abookcontaininginstructionsfordoingsth.,especiallyforoperatingamachine

手冊(cè)；（尤指機(jī)器）說明書，操作指南e.g.Afullyillustratedinstructionmanualisincluded.

附上詳盡說明書。Words&PhrasesA第53頁(yè)trifling

a.notveryimportant不太主要；無足輕重e.g.

1.atriflingloss/defect/sum

無足輕重?fù)p失/小疵/微不足道數(shù)目2.Diseasesofeyescannotberegardedastriflingmatters!

眼睛病可不要看成兒戲！Synonym:trivial

Words&Phrases第54頁(yè)gratify

v.(usu.passive)tomakesb.feelpleasedandsatisfied使?jié)M意；使?jié)M足；使高興e.g.

1.Weweregratifiedtolearnthatyouhadpassedtheexamination.

得知你已經(jīng)過考試我們很高興。2.NowthathehasajobinJapanhecangratifyhisdesiretoseeHokkaido.既然他在日本有個(gè)工作，那就能夠滿足他看看北海道愿望了。Wordfamily:gratification

n.Words&Phrases第55頁(yè)caprice

n.[C,U]asuddenandunexpectedchangeofopinionorbehaviourwithoutanygoodreason

（意見或行為）突然改變，重復(fù)無常；怪念頭e.g.

1.Ican’tbearthecapricesofthespoiltchild.

我受不了這個(gè)被寵壞孩子喜怒無常性格。2.AhailstorminJulyisacapriceofnature.七月天一場(chǎng)冰雹是大自然重復(fù)無常改變。Words&Phrases第56頁(yè)excitement

n.

1.

[C]sth.thatmakessb.feelexcited令人激動(dòng)（或興奮）事物；刺激原因e.g.Ifounditdifficulttosleepafteralltheexcitementsoftheday.我發(fā)覺在經(jīng)歷了一天令人興奮事情后我極難入睡。2.

[U]thefeelingofbeingexcited激動(dòng)，興奮e.g.ThechildrenwerefilledwithexcitementatthethoughtofvisitingDisneyland.

想到要去迪士尼樂園孩子們就激動(dòng)不已。Wordfamily:excite

v.Words&Phrases第57頁(yè)additional

a.extra,andoftenmorethanexpected

附加；額外e.g.

1.Heropeduphistrucksforadditionalsecurity.

為了愈加安全，他把貨車用繩捆牢。2.Thechargeforthedeliveryisadditional.

運(yùn)費(fèi)另計(jì)。Synonym:

extra

Wordfamily:add

v.

addition

n.

Words&Phrases第58頁(yè)satiation

n.[U]thestateofbeingsatisfactorilyfullandunabletotakeonmore

充分滿足；厭膩e.g.Thereisnorealreasontoexpect“satiation”atanylevelofpercapitaincomethatIcanforesee.就我看來，不論人均收入水平怎樣，人們都不會(huì)感到“滿足”。Wordfamily:satiate

v.

e.g.Hefoldeduphisnewspaper,hiscuriositysatiated.

好奇心得到滿足之后，他疊起報(bào)紙。Words&Phrases第59頁(yè)frantically

ad.inanurgentanduncontrolledway

慌忙地；慌忙地

e.g.1.Everyonewasfranticallypackinguptheirstuff.大家都在擔(dān)心地收拾東西。2.Thedograntohismasterfrantically.

狗發(fā)瘋似地朝主人跑去。Wordfamily:frantic

a.e.g.

1.I’vehadafranticrushtogetmyworkdone.我急急忙忙地趕完工作。2.Hemadefranticdashforthedepartingtrain.他發(fā)瘋似地沖向正開出火車。Words&Phrases第60頁(yè)avenging

a.

reactingtosth.wrongthathasbeendonetoyou,yourfamily,oryourfriendsbypunishingthepersonwhodidit報(bào)復(fù)；報(bào)仇e.g.Theattackswereseenasanavengingaction.

這些攻擊被視為一個(gè)報(bào)復(fù)性行為。Wordfamily:

avenge

v.

e.g.

1.Hamletplannedtoavengehisfather.哈姆雷特計(jì)策為父報(bào)仇。2.Sheavengedhermother’sdeathuponthemurderer.他懲處了兇手，為母親報(bào)了仇。Words&Phrases第61頁(yè)boredom

n.

[U]thefeelingofbeingbored

厭煩；厭倦；無聊e.g.

1.Hetravelledextensivelytoescapefromboredom.

他處處旅游以解煩悶。2.Unemploymentcandriveyoumadwithboredom.

失業(yè)會(huì)讓你無聊得發(fā)瘋。Wordfamily:bored

a.

boring

a.

bore

v.Seealso:boreWords&Phrases第62頁(yè)clatter

1.

n.

(sing)aseriesofloudshortnoises喧嘩聲e.g.Themiddayclatterofthebusinessdistrictattractedthegirl.

正午時(shí)分商業(yè)區(qū)喧鬧聲吸引了那個(gè)女孩。2.

v.tomakeorcausetomakeacontinuousrattlingsound（使）發(fā)出撞擊聲e.g.

Donotclatteryourknivesandforks.不要讓你刀叉碰擊出聲。Words&Phrases第63頁(yè)motion

n.1.[U]

theprocessoractionofmoving運(yùn)動(dòng)；移動(dòng)

e.g.Specialinstrumentsrecordthespeedandmotionoftheatoms.

有專門儀器統(tǒng)計(jì)原子速度和運(yùn)動(dòng)。inmotion在開動(dòng)中，在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中

e.g.Ifenergystoppedbeinginmotion,ourentireuniverseandalllifewouldvanish.

假如能量停頓運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，我們整個(gè)宇宙以及生命就會(huì)消失。

Words&Phrases第64頁(yè)Words&Phrases2.

[C]aformalproposalthatpeoplediscussandthenvoteoninameetingordebate動(dòng)議；提議

e.g.1.TheCommitteewilldebatethemotiontoday.

委員會(huì)今天將就這一提議進(jìn)行辯論。2.TheTradeUnionCongress,predominantlymale,hasproposedamotionarguingthathighheelsaredemeaningtowomenwhiletheyalsocontributetolongterminjuries.

英國(guó)工會(huì)同盟在一項(xiàng)提議中表示，高跟鞋是對(duì)女性人格貶低，而且會(huì)對(duì)身體造成長(zhǎng)久傷害。該同盟大部分組員都為男性。

Wordfamily:move

v.

第65頁(yè)rational

a.

1.thinkingaboutwhatyoudoinacalmway,andmakingsensibleandintelligentdecisions有理性；理智e.g.

1.Let’strytodiscussthislikerationalhumanbeings.

讓我們像有理性正常人一樣來討論這個(gè)問題。2.Calmdownandtrytoberational.

冷靜一下，理智點(diǎn)。

Words&Phrases第66頁(yè)Words&Phrases2.based

on

sensible

practical

reasons

ratherthan

emotions基于理性；合理e.g.1.Theredidn’tseemtobeanyrational

explanation

forhisactions.

他行為似乎缺乏合理解釋。2.Your

choice

was

perfectly

rationalunderthecircumstances.

在這種情況下你選擇是相當(dāng)合理。3.Weshouldfindarational

approach

tothe

problem.

我們應(yīng)該找處處理該問題合理路徑。Wordfamily:rationalityn.

Antonym:irrational第67頁(yè)industrious

a.

(fml)

alwaysworkingveryhard勤勞；勤奮；勤勉e.g.

1.Agoodheadandanindustrioushandareworthgoldinanyland.聰明腦袋勤勞手，走遍天下貴如金。

2.Fortunatelyhiswifewasagoodneedlewoman,andassoberandindustriousashimself.幸虧他妻子是個(gè)縫紉能手，而且象他一樣穩(wěn)重、勤儉。Synonym:hardworkingWords&Phrases第68頁(yè)compensation

n.

1.

[C,U](~

of/for)

sth.thatchangesorremovesthebadresultofsth.抵消；賠償e.g.

Linda’saggressivenessisjustacompensationforherfeelingsofinsecurity.琳達(dá)爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝只是為了掩飾她缺乏安全感。2.

[U]

moneythatsb.receivesbecausesth.badhashappenedtothem

賠償金；賠償金e.g.

ThejuryawardedTyler$1.7millionincompensation.陪審團(tuán)判給泰勒170萬(wàn)美元賠償費(fèi)。Words&Phrases第69頁(yè)Wordfamily:compensate

v.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Nothingcancompensateforlosingherhusband.她失去丈夫損失是無法填補(bǔ)。2.Employershavetocompensatetheirworkmenforinjuries.工人負(fù)傷，雇主必須賠償。3.Becausemylefteyeissoweak,myrighteyehastoworkhardertocompensate.因?yàn)槲易笱垡暳Σ?，右眼就必須辛勞點(diǎn)來填補(bǔ)一下。Words&Phrases第70頁(yè)sustenance

n.[U]1.(fml)awayofsupportingyourself,forexamplebyearningmoney生計(jì)e.g.Theoldmankepttwoorthreecowsforthesustenanceofhisfamily.老人養(yǎng)了兩三頭奶牛維持家里生計(jì)。2.foodanddrink

食物；營(yíng)養(yǎng)e.g.

Theearthbringsforthlargecropseveryyearforthesustenanceofmanandbeast.大地每年生產(chǎn)出大量農(nóng)作物，供人畜食用。Words&Phrases第71頁(yè)Words&Phrasesgrudge1.

vt.tobearagrudge;harborillfeelings不滿；積怨；怨恨e.g.1.Thisisthefirststageofmydiscipleship,andnopower,visibleorinvisible,mustgrudgememycomingtoJesusChrist.現(xiàn)在我才開始作一門徒，愿凡百事物，不論可見或不可見，沒有一樣妒忌我叫我不抵達(dá)耶穌基督地方。2.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomeare

grudged

asenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.每個(gè)工作日像假日一樣，平時(shí)節(jié)日降臨被埋怨為是對(duì)他們正全神貫注工作強(qiáng)行中止。第72頁(yè)2.n.[C]afeelingofangertowardssb.becausetheyhavedonesth.toyouthatdoesnotseemrightorfair

不滿；積怨e.g.Therewasnooneasfarasyouknowwhohadapersonalgrudgeagainsther.就我所知，沒有些人跟她有私仇。

have/bear/holdagrudge心存不滿，有怨恨harbor/nurseagrudge懷恨在心personalgrudges私憤Words&Phrases第73頁(yè)enforced

a.

happeningbecauseofasituationthatyoucannotcontrolorprevent

被迫；強(qiáng)制e.g.

1.Hehastospendtheenforcedseparation.他必須度過強(qiáng)制隔離期。2.Sometimesenforcedobedienceisneededforthechildren.有時(shí)候，強(qiáng)迫性服從對(duì)孩子而言是需要。Wordfamily:enforcev.

enforcement

n.e.g.1.Don’tenforceyourwillonthechild,please.請(qǐng)別把你意愿強(qiáng)加給這孩子。2.Wewillseekenforcementofjudgment.

我們將請(qǐng)求執(zhí)行判決。Words&Phrases第74頁(yè)interruption

n.[C,U]

sth.sb.saysordoesthatstopssb.elsewhentheyarespeakingorconcentratingonsth.打斷；中止；打攪e.g.

1.Aninterruptionputitquiteoutofmyhead.一打岔我就把這事全忘了。2.Manyinterruptionshavepreventedmefromfinishingthework.許多打岔事使我未能完成這項(xiàng)工作。Wordfamily:interrupt

v.

interruptive

a.e.g.

Mystudieswereinterruptedbythewar.我學(xué)業(yè)因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而中止。Words&Phrases第75頁(yè)vocation

n.[C]1.ajobthatyoudobecauseyoufeelitisyourpurposeinlifeandforwhichyouhavespecialskills（視為人生目標(biāo)）工作，職業(yè)e.g.

Youshouldbeanactor—you’vemissedyourvocation.你應(yīng)該當(dāng)演員——你入錯(cuò)行了。2.thefeelingthatthepurposeofyourlifeistodoaparticulartypeofwork,especiallybecauseitallowsyoutohelpotherpeople

使命感；天職e.g.

Sheseemstohaveavocationforhealing.看來她具備治病救人使命感。Words&Phrases第76頁(yè)outlook

n.(sing)1.(~

for)anideaaboutwhatasituationwillbelikeinthefuture展望；前景e.g.Theoutlookfortheeconomyisbright.經(jīng)濟(jì)前景光明。2.(~on)yourgeneralattitudetothings

（對(duì)事物總體）觀點(diǎn)，看法e.g.

1.aprovincialoutlook2.aworldlyoutlook3.worldoutlook4.postmodern

cultureoutlookWords&Phrases世俗看法世界觀后當(dāng)代文化觀偏狹觀念第77頁(yè)diversion

n.

1.[C,U]achangeintheuseorpurposeofsth.用途改變e.g.