神經(jīng)外科主治醫(yī)師題專業(yè)實踐能力

精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________神經(jīng)外科主治醫(yī)師題-專業(yè)實踐能力1、腦疝確診后最先采取的治療措施是()A.立即行腦室引流腦脊液B.立即行MRI查C.立即行CT檢查D.立即鉆孔探查E.立即靜脈輸給降顱壓藥物2、小腦幕切跡疝的典型臨床表現(xiàn))A.昏,病變同側(cè)瞳孔擴,對側(cè)偏癱B.昏,病變對側(cè)瞳孔擴,對側(cè)偏癱C.頭,嘔,突然呼吸衰竭D.昏,病變對側(cè)瞳孔擴,同側(cè)偏癱E.昏,病變對側(cè)瞳孔先小后大,同側(cè)偏癱3、幕上急性硬膜外血腫引起再次昏迷的主要原因()A.腦水腫B.小腦幕切跡疝C.腦干挫裂傷D.腦血管痙攣E.枕骨大孔疝_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4、腦疝發(fā)生后下列哪項措施是禁忌的()A.保持呼吸道通暢B.腦室穿刺引流腦脊液C.立即靜滴甘露醇D.積極明確病因，盡早去除病因E.腰椎穿刺引流腦脊液5、有明顯顱內(nèi)壓增高癥狀和體征的病人哪項檢查重()A.頭顱X線攝片B.腰穿C.MRID.頭顱CT描E.核素掃描6、顱內(nèi)壓增高患者的一般處理，哪項是錯誤的()A.吸氧B.保持呼吸道通暢C.觀察生命征變化D.高位灌腸以疏通大便E.一抬高床頭_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7、顱內(nèi)壓增高的重要客觀體征是()A.展神經(jīng)麻痹B.頭皮靜脈怒張C.雙側(cè)視乳頭水腫D.視力減退E.視野縮小8、正常成人顱內(nèi)壓為()A.0.7~2.0kPa(70~200mmHO)B.1.0~1.5kPa(100~150mmHO)C.0.5~1.0kPa(50~100mmHO)D.0.8~2.1kPa(80~210mmHO)E.1.0~2.5kPa(100~250mmHO0)9、顱內(nèi)壓增高引起最嚴重的后果)A.Cushing反應B.胃腸功能紊亂C.腦疝D(zhuǎn).血管源性腦水腫E.細胞毒性腦水腫10、凹陷性骨折下列哪一項正()_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A.均引起顱壓增高B.均需手術C.均屬開放性骨折D.非功能區(qū),小面積不考慮手術E.壓迫腦重要部位引起癥狀需手術11、對于嚴重顱內(nèi)壓增高病人，首選的降顱壓藥物是)A.20%甘露醇B.雙氫克尿塞C.乙酰唑胺D.50%甘油鹽水溶液E.地塞米松12、診斷血管疾病最有價值查是()A.MRIB.腦血管造影CCTD.頭部X線攝片E.MRA13、顱內(nèi)壓增高病人的一般處理，下列哪項是錯誤的)A.抬高床頭_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.吸氧C.觀察生命征變化D.高位灌腸以疏通大便E.保持呼吸道通暢14、枕大孔疝與小腦幕切跡疝的主要鑒別點是()A.頻繁嘔吐B.煩躁不安C.血壓下降D.早期發(fā)生吸驟停E.劇烈頭痛15、下列哪一項可引起海綿竇癥狀()A.中顱底骨折B.前顱底骨折C.后顱窩骨折D.顱蓋骨骨折E.開放性骨折16、精神癥狀常見于)A.頂葉腫瘤B.小腦腫瘤_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C.肺葉腫瘤D.顳葉腫瘤E.額葉腫瘤1730下10側(cè)瞳孔散大，光反射（-，左側(cè)肢體偏癱，左側(cè)病理征(+)，診斷首先考慮()A.左枕部急性硬膜下血腫伴腦疝B.左枕部腦挫裂傷伴腦疝C.左枕部急性硬膜外血腫伴腦疝D(zhuǎn).右額顳急性硬膜下血腫伴腦疝E.右額顳急性硬膜外血腫伴腦疝18、高血壓腦出血最常見的部位是()A.腦葉B.基底核C.腦干D.小腦E.丘腦19、癲癇發(fā)常見于()A.額,顳,松果體區(qū)腫瘤_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.額,頂,腫瘤C.枕,額,腫瘤D.額,頂,瘤E.額,鞍,腫瘤20、性硬膜下血腫指傷后多長時間出現(xiàn)癥狀)A.2周內(nèi)B.3周內(nèi)C.l周內(nèi)D.3周后E.2個月后21、開放腦損傷最重要的處施是()A.清創(chuàng)B.分層縫合頭皮C.止血D.縫合修補膜損傷E.切除碎骨片22、急性顱腦損的臨床分型型的GCS評分()A.6~10分B.8~15分_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C.3~5分D.9~12分E.13~20分23枕下棒擊傷雙側(cè)瞳不等大雙側(cè)增高；雙側(cè)病理征陽性，頭顱CT未見明顯血腫，最可能的診斷()A.小腦幕切跡疝B.原發(fā)性腦干損傷C.彌散性軸索損傷D.腦挫裂傷E.腦震蕩24據(jù)傷后出現(xiàn)癥狀的時間分為性,亞急性,慢性顱內(nèi)血腫的標準是()A.3天以內(nèi),3天至3周,3周以上B.2天以內(nèi),2天至2周,2周以上C.3天以內(nèi),3天至2周,2周以上D.1天以內(nèi),1天至1周,1周以上E.3天以內(nèi),3天至4周,4周以上25、下列哪項不屬于原發(fā)性腦損傷()A.腦內(nèi)血腫_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.腦干損傷C.腦震蕩D.腦挫裂傷E.彌漫性軸索損傷26、關于腦震蕩下列哪項不正()A.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查無陽性體征B.逆行性遺忘C.CT檢查可見點狀出血D.傷后短暫識障礙E.腰穿無紅細胞27、腦挫裂傷意障礙下列哪正確()A.程度和持續(xù)時與腦挫裂傷相關B.多在半小時以上C.傷后立即出現(xiàn)D.程度和持續(xù)時與腦挫裂傷相關E.中間清醒期是其特點28、顱腦損傷伴視損傷下列哪項不正確()A.傷后立即出現(xiàn)瞳孔散大B.間接光反應消失_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C.常為前顱窩骨折所致D.直接光反應消失E.間接光反應存在29、腦震蕩的治療正確的)A.激素治療B.脫水治療C.不需治療D.止血治療E.對癥治療30、急性硬膜下血腫不正確的()A.可由腦內(nèi)血至硬腦膜下B.中間清醒期是其特點C.好發(fā)于額,顳極及其底面D.病情一般多較重E.大多由對沖挫裂傷所致31、急性硬膜外血腫意識障礙最典型的特征)A.昏-清-迷B.昏-清醒C.昏-昏迷_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________D.清-昏迷E.昏-好-迷32、幕上急性硬膜外血腫最多見于()A.額頂區(qū)B.頂枕區(qū)C.顳區(qū)D.額極區(qū)E.矢狀竇區(qū)33、下列哪項屬于原發(fā)性腦損()A.開放性顱骨骨折B.腦水腫C.腦挫裂傷D.腦內(nèi)血腫E.腦疝34、小兒慢性硬腦血腫發(fā)生率最齡段是()A.6個月內(nèi)B.12個月內(nèi)C.3個月內(nèi)D.18個月內(nèi)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________E.24個月內(nèi)35、顱中窩發(fā)生腦脊液耳漏時的則是()A.給予鎮(zhèn)靜止痛藥B.保持外耳道清但不堵塞外耳道C.立即堵塞外耳道使之愈合D.臥床休息頭低位E.行頭顱X線攝片檢查，尋找骨折線36、小腦幕切跡時瞳孔擴大理是()A.動眼神經(jīng)核損傷B.動眼神經(jīng)麻痹C.交感神經(jīng)受刺激D.瞳孔擴大肌麻痹E.腦干受壓迫37、小腦幕切時瞳孔變化和肢體活動障關系是()A.雙側(cè)瞳孔散大伴四肢癱瘓B.病變同側(cè)瞳孔散大變對側(cè)半身癱瘓C.病變對側(cè)瞳孔伴對側(cè)半身癱瘓D.病變同側(cè)瞳孔伴同側(cè)半身癱瘓E.病變對側(cè)瞳孔散大變同側(cè)半身癱瘓_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________38、防治腦水當前應用廣泛且效果最好水劑是()A.30%尿素溶液B.25%山梨醇溶液C.20%甘露醇溶液D.濃縮血清溶液E.50%葡萄糖溶液39、小腦幕切跡疝體活動障礙的特點是()A.病變同側(cè)體癱瘓B.病變對側(cè)體癱瘓C.病變同側(cè)上肢和對側(cè)下肢癱瘓D.病變同側(cè)下肢和對側(cè)上肢癱瘓’E.四肢癱瘓40、下列表現(xiàn)不是大腦半球不足()A.失語B.一時性黑矇C.耳鳴D.感覺麻木E.單側(cè)肢體無力_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________41、有可能引起顱內(nèi)壓增高癥狀的幕上血腫出血量為)A.10ml以上B.15ml以上C.5ml上D.20ml以上E.30ml以上42、成年人以膠質(zhì)瘤和腦膜瘤多見，發(fā)最高的部位是()A.腦室內(nèi)B.腦干C.鞍,腦橋小腦角D.小腦E.大腦半球43、明確有腦脊液外漏的措包括()A.將漏出液滴色濾紙上血跡外周是否有樣淡浸漬圈B.查看傷員的鼓膜是整，有無外漏液C.用尿糖試紙測出液中是否含糖D.觀察并問傷員是否經(jīng)有腥味液體流部引起吞咽E.漏出液RBC計數(shù)與周圍血的RBC比較是否被稀釋44、顱腦對沖常見部位是()_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A.頂葉B.腦干C.小腦D.枕葉E.額顳葉450X攝片示左顳骨折腦膜中動脈。診斷首先考慮()A.急性硬膜外血腫B.左顳側(cè)腦挫裂傷C.急性硬膜下血腫D.原發(fā)腦干損傷E.彌漫性軸索損傷46、頭皮裂傷的處理原()A.妥善止血,清創(chuàng),抗感染B.不需特別處理C.均需輸血,抗休克治療D.降顱壓治療E.加壓包扎47、下列哪項不是中顱底骨折表現(xiàn)()_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A.腦脊液耳漏B.CT使腦室受壓,中線結(jié)構移位C.視神經(jīng)損傷D.腦脊液鼻漏E.面,聽神經(jīng)損傷48、頭皮血腫的處理原()A.抗感染治療B.均需切開引流C.降顱壓治療D.局部適當加壓E.均需穿刺抽吸49、全層撕脫傷下列處理哪正確()A.盡早清創(chuàng)B.防治休克C.妥善止血，D.抗感染E.中厚皮片植皮50、男性，42歲，肢端肥大癥，經(jīng)蝶垂體瘤切除后2個月，臨床癥狀無明顯緩解I復查腫瘤殘留甚少，但血中GH值0.56nmol/L，_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________此時應采取()A.開顱再次手術B.放射治療C.經(jīng)蝶再次手術D.藥物治療E.繼續(xù)觀察518,暈15天，加伴煩,嘔吐1入部MRI顯示第四腦室伴幕上腦室擴大腦脊液出后病人突然昏迷。雙瞳散大，光反應。首先考慮的原因可能為()A.小腦幕切跡上疝B.腫瘤卒中C.穿刺損傷D.休克E.低顱壓5216自幼發(fā)育痛,嘔吐1周溫38.5℃，力4初步考慮診斷()A.偏頭痛B.腦腫瘤_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C.腦膜炎D.腦膿腫E.腦出血53、首先考的診斷()A.蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血B.外傷性顱內(nèi)血腫致小腦幕切跡疝C.腦梗死D.高血壓腦出血E.原發(fā)性腦干損傷54、首選的助檢查()A.B超B.核素掃描C.MRADCTE.MRI55、最可能診斷是A.慢性硬膜下血腫B.腦出血C.腦梗塞_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________D.顱內(nèi)占位性病變E.顱內(nèi)感染56、首選的檢查手段是A.腰椎穿刺測定脊液性狀及壓力B.全腦血管造影術C.腦電圖D.頭顱CTE.頭顱MRI57、首選的治療手段是A.開顱血腫清除術B.鉆孔引流術C.溶栓治療D.顱內(nèi)占位性病變切除術E.抗感染治療58、最可能診斷是A.慢性硬膜外血腫B.慢性硬膜下血腫C.亞急性硬外血腫D.亞急性硬下血腫_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________E.硬膜下水瘤59、治療首選A.開顱血腫清除術B.去骨瓣減壓術C.鉆孔引流術D.保守治療E.以上都不對60、此患者Glasgow昏迷評分()A.4分B.6分C.8分D.10分E.12分61、最可能的診斷()A.腦震蕩B.腦干損傷C.左側(cè)硬膜下血腫D.左側(cè)硬膜外血腫E.右側(cè)硬膜外血腫_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________62、確診的佳檢查()A.頭顱CTB.腰穿C.腦電圖D.頭顱X線攝片E.頭顱MRA63、下列哪項措施不可()A.快速靜點甘露醇B.小壺加速尿C.吸氧D.腰穿E.保持呼吸道通暢64、明確血腫采取的治療()A.腰穿B.手術C.保守治療D.觀察E.輸血_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________65、初步診()A.腦震蕩B.腦挫裂傷C.腦供血不足D.腦水腫E.腦疝66、若X線攝片提示左顳骨折線通過腦膜中動溝，應警惕()A.頭皮血腫B.硬膜下血腫C.腦室內(nèi)血腫D.硬膜外血腫E.腦內(nèi)血腫67、若傷后5小時出現(xiàn)漸進性意識障礙，應首選檢查()A.腦血管造影B.腰穿C.頭顱X線攝片D.頭顱CTE.放射性核素掃描68、最可能診斷是()_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A.亞急性硬下血腫B.亞急性硬外血腫C.慢性硬膜下血腫D.慢性硬膜外血腫E.急性硬膜下血腫69、為確定診斷應首選哪項檢()A.頭顱X線檢查B.檢眼鏡C.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查D.頭顱CTE.腰穿70、若確定為顱內(nèi)血腫，最適合的治療方法是()A.脫水降顱壓B.神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)治療C.功能鍛煉D.觀察生命體,志,瞳孔變化E.手術治療71、最可能診斷是()A.蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血(SAH)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.腦出血C.腦梗死D.腦瘤卒中E.TIA72、首選的檢()A.MRIBCTC.MRAD.腰穿E.核素掃描73、若CT為陰性應進一步行)A.MRAB.MRIC.核素掃描D.頭部X線平片E.腰穿74、對SAH的處理，下列哪一項除外()A.絕對臥床B.應用抗纖溶藥物_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C.提高血壓,增加腦灌注量D.鎮(zhèn),止痛E.積極查找病因75、前顱折常出現(xiàn)()A.逆行性遺忘B.腰穿腦脊呈血性C.乳突部皮下淤血D.熊貓眼征E.面神經(jīng)損傷76、后顱折常出現(xiàn)()A.逆行性遺忘B.腰穿腦脊呈血性C.乳突部皮下淤血D.熊貓眼征E.面神經(jīng)損傷77、腦挫裂常出現(xiàn)()A.逆行性遺忘B.腰穿腦脊呈血性C.乳突部皮下淤血_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________D.熊貓眼征E.面神經(jīng)損傷78、腦震蕩常出現(xiàn)()A.逆行性遺忘B.腰穿腦脊呈血性C.乳突部皮下淤血D.熊貓眼征E.面神經(jīng)損傷79、顱內(nèi)血腫腦疝患者的急救措施()A.手術清除血腫B.快速靜點甘露醇C.CT檢查D.氣管切開E.腰穿80、顱內(nèi)血腫腦疝患者的根本治療()A.手術清除血腫B.快速靜點甘露醇C.CT檢查D.氣管切開_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________E.腰穿81、顱內(nèi)血腫腦疝病人的急救措施()A.手術清除血腫B.氣管切開C.CT檢查D.腰穿E.快速靜點甘露醇82、顱內(nèi)血腫腦疝病人的根本治療()A.手術清除血腫B.氣管切開C.CT檢查D.腰穿E.快速靜點甘露醇83、小腦跡疝可致()A.同側(cè)偏癱B.對側(cè)偏癱C.交叉癱D.四肢全癱E.突發(fā)呼吸驟停而死亡_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________84、枕骨大疝可致()A.同側(cè)偏癱B.對側(cè)偏癱C.交叉癱D.四肢全癱E.突發(fā)呼吸驟停而死亡85、硬膜外腫特征()A.中間清醒期B.搏動性突眼C.腰穿呈血腦脊液D.視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫E.兩側(cè)瞳孔不等大86、顱內(nèi)壓增高的客觀體)A.中間清醒期B.搏動性突眼C.腰穿呈血陛腦脊液D.視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫E.兩側(cè)瞳孔不等大_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________87、頸內(nèi)動脈海綿竇瘺的典型癥狀()A.中間清醒期B.搏動性突眼C.腰穿呈血腦脊液D.視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫E.兩側(cè)瞳孔不等大88、可作為腦挫裂傷的診斷依()A.中間清醒期B.搏動性突眼C.腰穿呈血腦脊液D.視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫E.兩側(cè)瞳孔不等大89、頂葉腫瘤出現(xiàn)()A.精神癥狀B.運動障礙C.感覺障礙D.失語癥E.視野缺損90、顳葉深部葉腫瘤出現(xiàn)()_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專業(yè)試，強推薦精品文檔______________________________________________________________________________________