雙語 -【白皮書】新時(shí)代的中國綠色發(fā)展

雙語-【白皮書】新時(shí)代的中國綠色發(fā)展新時(shí)代的中國綠色發(fā)展China’sGreenDevelopmentintheNewEra前言Preface一、堅(jiān)定不移走綠色發(fā)展之路I.StayingFirmlyCommittedtoGreenDevelopment二、綠色空間格局基本形成II.ABasicGreenTerritorialConfigurationIsinPlace三、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)調(diào)整優(yōu)化III.AdjustingandImprovingtheIndustrialStructure五、綠色生活方式漸成時(shí)尚V.Eco-FriendlyLivingBecomesthePrevailingEthos六、綠色發(fā)展體制機(jī)制逐步完善VI.ImprovingtheInstitutionsandMechanismsforGreenDevelopment七、攜手共建美麗地球家園VII.BuildingtheEarthintoaBeautifulHome結(jié)束語Conclusion

前言Preface綠色是生命的象征、大自然的底色，良好生態(tài)環(huán)境是美好生活的基礎(chǔ)、人民共同的期盼。綠色發(fā)展是順應(yīng)自然、促進(jìn)人與自然和諧共生的發(fā)展，是用最少資源環(huán)境代價(jià)取得最大經(jīng)濟(jì)社會效益的發(fā)展，是高質(zhì)量、可持續(xù)的發(fā)展，已經(jīng)成為各國共識。

Greenisthecolorofnatureandthesymboloflife.Asoundeco-environmentisthebasicfoundationforabetterlife,andthecommonaspirationofthepeople.Greendevelopmentisdevelopmentthatfollowsthelawsofnaturetopromoteharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumanityandnature,developmentthatobtainsthemaximumsocialandeconomicbenefitsatminimumcostinresourcesandenvironmentalimpact,andsustainableandhigh-qualitydevelopmentthatprotectstheeco-environment.Ithasbecomethegoalofallcountries.

幾千年來，中華民族尊重自然、保護(hù)自然，生生不息、繁衍發(fā)展，倡導(dǎo)“天人合一”是中華文明的鮮明特色。改革開放以來，中國把節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境確立為基本國策，把可持續(xù)發(fā)展確立為國家戰(zhàn)略，大力推進(jìn)社會主義生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。

RespectingandprotectingnaturehasmadeanimportantcontributiontothesurvivalandprosperityoftheChinesenationoverthousandsofyears.Theconceptof“harmonybetweenhumanityandnature”isadistinctcharacteristicofChinesecivilization.Tovigorouslypromotethebuildingofasocialisteco-civilization,Chinahasestablishedafundamentalnationalpolicyofconservingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironment,andanationalstrategyofsustainabledevelopmentsincethelaunchofreformandopeningup.

中共十八大以來，在習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會主義思想指引下，中國堅(jiān)持綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念，堅(jiān)定不移走生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展之路，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型，建設(shè)人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化，創(chuàng)造了舉世矚目的生態(tài)奇跡和綠色發(fā)展奇跡，美麗中國建設(shè)邁出重大步伐。綠色成為新時(shí)代中國的鮮明底色，綠色發(fā)展成為中國式現(xiàn)代化的顯著特征，廣袤中華大地天更藍(lán)、山更綠、水更清，人民享有更多、更普惠、更可持續(xù)的綠色福祉。中國的綠色發(fā)展，為地球增添了更多“中國綠”，擴(kuò)大了全球綠色版圖，既造福了中國，也造福了世界。

Sincethe18thCPCNationalCongressin2012,undertheguidanceofXiJinpingThoughtonSocialismwithChineseCharacteristicsforaNewEra,Chinahasfirmlyupheldthebeliefthatlucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets.Ithasprioritizedeco-environmentalconservationandgreendevelopment,promotedthecomprehensivegreentransformationofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andachievedmodernizationbasedonharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.Wondershavebeenaccomplishedineco-environmentalprotectionandgreendevelopment,andgreatstrideshavebeenmadeinbuildingabeautifulChina.GreenisthedefiningfeatureofChinaintheneweraandgreendevelopmentfeaturestheChinesepathtomodernization.Withmoreblueskies,greenmountains,andlucidwaters,theChinesepeoplecouldenjoymoreaccessibleandsustainablegreenbenefits.China’sgreendevelopmenthashelpedtoexpandthegreeningareasofitsownlandandtheearth,benefittingbothChinaandtheworldatlarge.

作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，中國秉持人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，堅(jiān)定踐行多邊主義，提出全球發(fā)展倡議、全球安全倡議，深化務(wù)實(shí)合作，積極參與全球環(huán)境與氣候治理，為落實(shí)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程，推動全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展，共同構(gòu)建人與自然生命共同體，共建繁榮清潔美麗的世界貢獻(xiàn)了中國智慧、中國力量。

Astheworld’slargestdevelopingcountry,Chinaiscommittedtotheideaofaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture.Ithasofferedunwaveringsupporttomultilateralism,proposedtheGlobalDevelopmentInitiativeandtheGlobalSecurityInitiative,expandedpracticalcooperation,andactivelyparticipatedinglobalenvironmentandclimategovernance.IthascontributedChinesewisdomandstrengthtoimplementingtheUN2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,creatingacommunityoflifeforhumanityandnature,andbuildingaclean,beautifulandprosperousworldofsustainabledevelopment.

為全面介紹新時(shí)代中國綠色發(fā)展理念、實(shí)踐與成效，分享中國綠色發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，特發(fā)布本白皮書。

TheChinesegovernmentispublishingthiswhitepapertopresentafullpictureofChina’sideas,actions,andachievementsingreendevelopmentinthenewera,andtosharewiththeworlditsexperienceinthisregard.一、堅(jiān)定不移走綠色發(fā)展之路I.StayingFirmlyCommittedtoGreenDevelopment中國順應(yīng)人民對美好生活的新期待，樹立和踐行綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念，站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發(fā)展，協(xié)同推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會高質(zhì)量發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境高水平保護(hù)，走出了一條生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。

Tomeetthepeople’sdesireforabetterlife,Chinahastreatedlucidwatersandlushmountainsasinvaluableassetsandworkedtomaintainharmonybetweenhumanityandnatureinitsdevelopment.Chinafavorshigh-qualityeconomicgrowth,high-levelenvironmentalprotection,andapathofsounddevelopmentbasedonhighereconomicoutputandlivingstandards,andhealthyecosystems.

（一）堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想1.Applyingapeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophy

以人民為中心是中國共產(chǎn)黨的執(zhí)政理念，良好生態(tài)環(huán)境是最公平的公共產(chǎn)品、最普惠的民生福祉。隨著中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的不斷推進(jìn)和人民生活水平的不斷提高，人民對優(yōu)美生態(tài)環(huán)境的需要更加迫切，生態(tài)環(huán)境在人民生活幸福指數(shù)中的地位不斷凸顯。中國順應(yīng)人民日益增長的優(yōu)美生態(tài)環(huán)境需要，堅(jiān)持生態(tài)惠民、生態(tài)利民、生態(tài)為民，大力推行綠色生產(chǎn)生活方式，重點(diǎn)解決損害群眾健康的突出環(huán)境問題，持續(xù)改善生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量，提供更多優(yōu)質(zhì)生態(tài)產(chǎn)品，讓人民在優(yōu)美生態(tài)環(huán)境中有更多的獲得感、幸福感、安全感。

Thepeople-centeredphilosophyisagoverningprincipleoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),andasoundeco-environmentisthefairestpublicproductandthemostinclusivepublicbenefit.AsChina’smodernizationadvancesandlivingstandardsimprove,thepopulardemandforabeautifulenvironmentisgrowing.Inthepeople’shappinessindex,theweightofenvironmenthasincreased.Tomeetthegrowingdemandforabeautifulenvironment,Chinahasstrengthenedeco-environmentalconservationandprotectionandvigorouslypromotedeco-friendlywaysofworkandlife.Ithasfocusedonsolvingthemajorenvironmentalproblemsthatseriouslyendangerpeople’shealth,improvedthequalityoftheenvironmentandecosystems,andprovidedmorequalityeco-environmentalgoods,soastohelppeoplefeelhappier,moresatisfied,andmoresecureinabeautifulenvironment.

（二）著眼中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展2.FocusingonsustainabledevelopmentinChina

生態(tài)興則文明興，生態(tài)衰則文明衰。大自然是人類賴以生存發(fā)展的基本條件，只有尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。中國立足環(huán)境容量有限、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱的現(xiàn)實(shí)國情，既為當(dāng)代發(fā)展謀、也為子孫萬代計(jì)，把生態(tài)文明建設(shè)作為關(guān)系中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展的根本大計(jì)，既要金山銀山也要綠水青山，推動綠水青山轉(zhuǎn)化為金山銀山，讓自然財(cái)富、生態(tài)財(cái)富源源不斷帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)富、社會財(cái)富，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、生態(tài)效益、社會效益同步提升，建設(shè)人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化。

Societywillprosperwhentheenvironmentimproves,andlosevigorastheenvironmentdegrades.Natureprovidesthebasicconditionsforhumansurvivalanddevelopment.Respecting,accommodating,andprotectingnatureisessentialforsustainabledevelopment.Bearinginmindthatitsenvironmentalcapacityislimitedanditsecosystemisfragile,Chinahasnotonlypursueddevelopmentforthepresentgeneration,butalsomappedoutplansforgenerationstocome.Itregardseco-environmentalconservationasfundamentaltosustainabledevelopmentinChina.Itvaluesboththeenvironmentandeconomicdevelopment,workstotranslateeco-environmentalstrengthsintodevelopmentstrengths,andalwayslookstorealizetheeconomicandsocialvaluethatlucidwatersandlushmountainshave,whichwillbringaboutfinancialreturns,eco-environmentalbenefits,socialbenefits,andharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.

（三）堅(jiān)持系統(tǒng)觀念統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)3.Applyingsystemsthinkingandacoordinatedapproach

綠色發(fā)展是對生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式、思維方式和價(jià)值觀念的全方位、革命性變革。中國把系統(tǒng)觀念貫穿到經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)全過程，正確處理發(fā)展和保護(hù)、全局和局部、當(dāng)前和長遠(yuǎn)等一系列關(guān)系，構(gòu)建科學(xué)適度有序的國土空間布局體系、綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系、約束和激勵并舉的制度體系，統(tǒng)籌產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、污染治理、生態(tài)保護(hù)、應(yīng)對氣候變化，協(xié)同推進(jìn)降碳、減污、擴(kuò)綠、增長，推進(jìn)生態(tài)優(yōu)先、節(jié)約集約、綠色低碳發(fā)展，形成節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的空間格局、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。

Greendevelopmentisanall-roundrevolutionarychangeinourvalues,andinhowwework,live,andthink.Chinahasappliedsystemsthinkingtothewholeprocessofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandeco-environmentalconservationandprotection.Ithastakenasoundapproachtotherelationshipsbetweendevelopmentandprotection,betweenoverallandlocalinterests,andbetweenthepresentandthefuture.Ithastakenascientific,moderate,andorderlyapproachtotheuseofterritorialspace,andpromotedasoundeconomicstructurethatfacilitatesgreen,low-carbon,andcirculardevelopment.Ithasfosteredaninstitutionalsystemthatcombinesbothconstraintsandincentivestocoordinateindustrialrestructuring,pollutioncontrol,eco-environmentalconservation,andclimateresponse.Chinahasendeavoredtocutcarbonemissions,reducepollution,expandgreendevelopment,andpursueeconomicgrowth.Ithasprioritizedeco-environmentalprotection,conservesresourcesandusesthemefficientlyforgreenandlow-carbondevelopment.Ithasdevelopedspatialconfigurations,industrialstructures,andwaysofworkandlifethathelpconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment,andpromotedgreenereconomicandsocialdevelopmentinallrespects.

（四）共謀全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展4.Workingtogetherforglobalsustainabledevelopment

保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、應(yīng)對氣候變化，是全人類的共同責(zé)任。只有世界各國團(tuán)結(jié)合作、共同努力，攜手推進(jìn)綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展，才能維持地球生態(tài)整體平衡，守護(hù)好全人類賴以生存的唯一家園。中國站在對人類文明負(fù)責(zé)的高度，積極參與全球環(huán)境治理，向世界承諾力爭于2030年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、努力爭取2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和，以“碳達(dá)峰碳中和”目標(biāo)為牽引推動綠色轉(zhuǎn)型，以更加積極的姿態(tài)開展綠色發(fā)展雙多邊國際合作，推動構(gòu)建公平合理、合作共贏的全球環(huán)境治理體系，為全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)智慧和力量。

Protectingtheenvironmentandcounteringclimatechangearethecommonresponsibilitiesofallcountries.Onlywhenallcountriesuniteandworktogethertopromotegreenandsustainabledevelopmentcanwemaintaintheoverallbalanceintheearth’secologyandprotecthumanity’soneandonlyhome.Chinahasshouldereditsresponsibilities,activelyparticipatedinglobalenvironmentalgovernance,andpledgedtoreachcarbonemissionspeakby2030andcarbonneutralityby2060.Itwilladvancethegreentransitionwiththesegoalsasthelead,playamoreactivepartinbilateralandmultilateralinternationalcooperationongreendevelopment,promoteafairandequitablesystemofglobalenvironmentalgovernance,andcontributeitswisdomandstrengthtoglobalsustainabledevelopment.二、綠色空間格局基本形成II.ABasicGreenTerritorialConfigurationIsinPlace中國積極健全國土空間體系，加強(qiáng)生產(chǎn)、生活、生態(tài)空間用途統(tǒng)籌和協(xié)調(diào)管控，加大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)修復(fù)力度，有效擴(kuò)大生態(tài)環(huán)境容量，推動自然財(cái)富、生態(tài)財(cái)富快速積累，生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)發(fā)生歷史性、轉(zhuǎn)折性、全局性變化，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會持續(xù)健康發(fā)展提供有力支撐。

Chinaismakingeffortstooptimizeitsgoverningsystemofterritorialspace.Thecountryhasstrengthenedtheoverallplanningandcoordinatedmanagementandcontrolofterritorialspaceforworkingandlivingandfortheenvironment.Ithasintensifiedeffortstoprotectandrestoreecosystems,effectivelyexpandedthecapacityoftheeco-environment,andpromotedtherapidaccumulationofnaturalwealthandeco-environ-mentalwealth,leadingtohistoric,transformative,andcomprehensivechangesineco-environmentalprotectionandprovidingstrongsupportforthesustainableandhealthydevelopmentoftheeconomyandsociety.

（一）優(yōu)化國土空間開發(fā)保護(hù)格局1.Optimizingthedevelopmentandprotectionofterritorialspace

國土是綠色發(fā)展的空間載體。中國實(shí)施主體功能區(qū)戰(zhàn)略，建立全國統(tǒng)一、責(zé)權(quán)清晰、科學(xué)高效的國土空間規(guī)劃體系，統(tǒng)籌人口分布、經(jīng)濟(jì)布局、國土利用、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)等因素，整體謀劃國土空間開發(fā)保護(hù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)國土空間開發(fā)保護(hù)更高質(zhì)量、更可持續(xù)。

Acountry’sterritorialspaceisthecarrierforgreendevelopment.Chinahasimplementedafunctionalzoningstrategyandestablishedaunifiedterritorialspaceplanningsystemthatisscience-based,efficientandbuiltuponclearlydefinedpowersandresponsibilities.Takingintoconsiderationfactorssuchaspopulationdistribution,regionaleconomicstructures,landuse,andeco-environmentalprotection,ithasplannedforthedevelopmentandprotectionofterritorialspacewithaholisticapproach,soastoachievehigher-qualityandmoresustainabledevelopmentofitsterritorialspace.

實(shí)現(xiàn)國土空間規(guī)劃“多規(guī)合一”。將主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃、土地利用規(guī)劃、城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃等空間規(guī)劃融合為統(tǒng)一的國土空間規(guī)劃，逐步建立“多規(guī)合一”的規(guī)劃編制審批體系、實(shí)施監(jiān)督體系、法規(guī)政策體系和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，強(qiáng)化國土空間規(guī)劃對各專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃的指導(dǎo)約束作用，加快完成各級各類國土空間規(guī)劃編制，逐步形成全國國土空間開發(fā)保護(hù)“一張圖”。

Chinahasintegrateddifferentplansintoasinglemasterplanforterritorialspacedevelopment.Ithasintegratedfunctionalzoning,landuse,urbanandruralplanning,andotherspatialplanningintoaunifiedterritorialspaceplan.Acomprehensivesystemintegratingplanningapproval,implementationsupervision,regulations,policiesandtechnicalstandardsistakingshape.Theroleofterritorialspaceplanninghasbeenstrengthenedinguidingandconstrainingvariousspecificplans.Ithasspedupthedraftingofvariousplansforterritorialspaceatalllevels.Asaresult,anoverallmasterplanwilleventuallybedrawnupforthedevelopmentandprotectionofterritorialspace.

統(tǒng)籌優(yōu)化國土空間布局。以全國國土調(diào)查成果為基礎(chǔ)，開展資源環(huán)境承載能力和國土空間開發(fā)適宜性評價(jià)，科學(xué)布局農(nóng)業(yè)、生態(tài)、城鎮(zhèn)等功能空間，優(yōu)化農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區(qū)、重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)、城市化地區(qū)三大空間格局。統(tǒng)籌劃定耕地和永久基本農(nóng)田、生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線、城鎮(zhèn)開發(fā)邊界等空間管控邊界以及各類海域保護(hù)線，強(qiáng)化底線約束，統(tǒng)一國土空間用途管制，筑牢國家安全發(fā)展的空間基礎(chǔ)。

Concertedeffortshavebeenmadetooptimizetheuseofterritorialspace.Basedontheresultsofnationallandresourcesurveys,Chinahascarriedoutanevaluationofthecarryingcapacityofresourcesandtheenvironment,andsuitabilityoflanddevelopment.Ithasscientificallydesignatedagricultural,ecological,urbanandotherfunctionalzones,andimprovedtheterritorialspacelayoutthatconsistsofthreemajorzones–mainagriculturalproductionzones,keyecosystemservicezonesandurbanizedzones.Tostrengthennationalandregionaleco-environmentalsecurity,Chinahasdesignatedpermanentbasiccropland,drawnredlinesforeco-environmentalprotection,delineatedboundariesforurbandevelopment,andsetprotectionlinesforalltypesofseaareas,inacoordinatedmanner.Ithasestablishedcentralizedcontrolovertheuseofterritorialspaceandensuredthattheselinesarenotcrossed.

加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)管理。著力防控化解生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，將承擔(dān)水源涵養(yǎng)、水土保持、防風(fēng)固沙和生物多樣性保護(hù)等重要生態(tài)功能的縣級行政區(qū)確定為重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)，以保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、提供生態(tài)產(chǎn)品為重點(diǎn)，限制大規(guī)模高強(qiáng)度工業(yè)化城鎮(zhèn)化開發(fā)，推動自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)總體穩(wěn)定向好，生態(tài)服務(wù)功能逐步增強(qiáng)，生態(tài)產(chǎn)品供給水平持續(xù)提升。

Chinahasstrengthenedthemanagementofkeyecosystemservicezonesandendeavoredtopreventandcontroleco-environmentalrisks.County-leveladministrativeunitsthatperformimportantecologicalfunctionssuchaswaterconservation,soilandwaterconservation,inhibitingwinds,fixingsand,andprotectingbiodiversityaredesignatedaskeyecosystemservicezones,whichshouldfocusonprotectingtheenvironmentandprovidingeco-environmentalproductsandberestrictedfromlarge-scaleindustrializationandurbanization.Asaresult,China’snaturalecosystemsaregenerallystableorimproving,eco-environmentalserviceshaveimproved,andthesupplyofeco-environmentalproductshascontinuedtoincrease.

（二）強(qiáng)化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)修復(fù)2.Strengtheningeco-environmentalconservationandrestoration

山水林田湖草沙是生命共同體。中國加強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)治理、綜合治理、源頭治理和依法治理，堅(jiān)持保護(hù)優(yōu)先、自然恢復(fù)為主，大力推動生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)修復(fù)，筑牢國家生態(tài)安全屏障，筑牢中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展的根基。

Mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes,grasslandsanddesertsarecommunitiesoflife.Chinahassteppedupsystematic,comprehensive,andlaw-basedenvironmentgovernance,tacklingproblemsattheirsources.Prioritizingprotectionandfocusingonnaturalrestoration,ithasvigorouslypressedforwardwiththeprotectionandrestorationofecosystems,soastobuildasolidnationaleco-environmentalsecuritybarrierandstrengthenthefoundationsforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

初步建立新型自然保護(hù)地體系。自然保護(hù)地是生態(tài)建設(shè)的核心載體。中國努力構(gòu)建以國家公園為主體、自然保護(hù)區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)、各類自然公園為補(bǔ)充的自然保護(hù)地體系，正式設(shè)立三江源、大熊貓、東北虎豹、海南熱帶雨林、武夷山首批5個國家公園，積極穩(wěn)妥有序推進(jìn)生態(tài)重要區(qū)域國家公園創(chuàng)建。截至2021年底，已建立各級各類自然保護(hù)地近萬處，占國土陸域面積的17%以上，90%的陸地自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型和74%的國家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生動植物物種得到了有效保護(hù)。

Anewtypeofprotectedarea(PA)systemhasbeensetup.PAsaremajorplatformsforeco-environmentalconservation.ChinaisdevelopingaPAsystemwithnationalparksasthemainstay,supportedbynaturereservesandsupplementedbynatureparks.Ithascreateditsfirstbatchoffivenationalparks–theThree-River-SourceNationalPark,theGiantPandaNationalPark,theNortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalPark,theHainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark,andtheWuyishanNationalPark.Itismakingsteadyprogressinbuildingnationalparksinenvironmentallyimportantregions.Asoftheendof2021,nearly10,000PAsofvarioustypesandlevelshadbeenestablished,coveringmorethan17percentofChina’slandarea,bringingundereffectiveprotection90percentofitsnaturalterrestrialecosystemtypesand74percentofkeystate-protectedwildlifespecies.

科學(xué)劃定生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線。生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線是國家生態(tài)安全的底線和生命線。中國將生態(tài)功能極重要、生態(tài)極脆弱以及具有潛在重要生態(tài)價(jià)值的區(qū)域劃入生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線，包括整合優(yōu)化后的自然保護(hù)地，實(shí)現(xiàn)一條紅線管控重要生態(tài)空間。截至目前，中國陸域生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線面積占陸域國土面積比例超過30%。通過劃定生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線和編制生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)規(guī)劃，鞏固了以青藏高原生態(tài)屏障區(qū)、黃河重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區(qū)（含黃土高原生態(tài)屏障）、長江重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區(qū)（含川滇生態(tài)屏障）、東北森林帶、北方防沙帶、南方丘陵山地帶、海岸帶等為依托的“三區(qū)四帶”生態(tài)安全格局。

Settingupscientificeco-environmentalconservationredlines(ECRLs).ECRLsarethelifelineofnationaleco-environmentalsecurity.Chinahasbroughtfunctionalareasofvitalimportance,exceedinglyfragileareas,andareasofpotentiallyvitaleco-environmentalvaluewithinthescopeoftheECRLframework.Morethan30percentofChina’slandarea–includingintegratedandoptimizedPAs–isnowundertheprotectionofECRLs.ThroughdrawingECRLsanddraftingecologicalprotectionandrestorationplans,thecountryhasconsolidatedanoveralleco-environmentalconservationconfigurationcomposedofThreeEco-zonesandFourShelterbelts–theQinghai-TibetPlateauEco-zone,theYellowRiverEco-zone(includingtheLoessPlateauEcologicalBarrier),theYangtzeRiverEco-zone(includingtheSichuan-YunnanEcologicalBarrier),and

theNortheast,North,South,andCoastalShelterbelts.

實(shí)施重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)和修復(fù)重大工程。以國家重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)、生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線、自然保護(hù)地等為重點(diǎn)，啟動實(shí)施山水林田湖草沙一體化保護(hù)和修復(fù)工程，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)治理、綜合治理、源頭治理。陸續(xù)實(shí)施三北、長江等防護(hù)林和天然林保護(hù)修復(fù)、退耕還林還草、礦山生態(tài)修復(fù)、“藍(lán)色海灣”整治行動、海岸帶保護(hù)修復(fù)、渤海綜合治理攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)、紅樹林保護(hù)修復(fù)等一批具有重要生態(tài)影響的生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)治理工程，科學(xué)開展大規(guī)模國土綠化行動，推動森林、草原、濕地、河流、湖泊面積持續(xù)增加，土地荒漠化趨勢得到有效扭轉(zhuǎn)。2012－2021年，中國累計(jì)完成造林9.6億畝，防沙治沙2.78億畝，種草改良6億畝，新增和修復(fù)濕地1200多萬畝。2021年，中國森林覆蓋率達(dá)到24.02%，森林蓄積量達(dá)到194.93億立方米，森林覆蓋率和森林蓄積量連續(xù)30多年保持“雙增長”，是全球森林資源增長最多和人工造林面積最大的國家。中國在世界范圍內(nèi)率先實(shí)現(xiàn)了土地退化“零增長”，荒漠化土地和沙化土地面積“雙減少”，對全球?qū)崿F(xiàn)2030年土地退化零增長目標(biāo)發(fā)揮了積極作用。自2000年以來，中國始終是全球“增綠”的主力軍，全球新增綠化面積中約1/4來自中國。

Carryingoutmajorprojectsfortheconservationandrestorationofkeynationalecosystems.Withafocusonmajornationaleco-environmentalfunctionalareas,ECRLsandtodealwithproblemsbyaddressingtheirrootcauses.IthascarriedoutshelterbeltandnaturalforestprotectionandrestorationprogramssuchastheshelterbeltprograminnortheastChina,northChinaandnorthwestChina,programsreturningmarginalfarmlandtoforestsandgrasslands,theprogramforecologicalrestorationofabandonedmines,theBlueBayenvironmentimprovementinitiative,thecoastalbeltsprotectionandrestorationprogram,thecomprehensivemanagementoftheBohaiSeawaterenvironment,theconservationandrestorationofmangroveforests,andotherrestorationandrehabilitationprojectsofsignificanteco-environmentalimportance.Chinahascarriedoutlarge-scaleafforestationprojects,steadilyincreasedtheareaofforests,grasslands,wetlands,riversandlakes,andeffectivelyreversedthetrendofdesertification.

From2012to2021,64millionhectaresoftreeswereplanted.Duringthisperiod,desertificationpreventionandcontrolwascarriedoutover18.53millionhectaresofland,and40millionhectaresoflandwereimprovedthroughsowinggrass,andmorethan800,000hectaresofwetlandwereaddedorrestored.In2021,theforestcoverageratiohit24percent,whiletheforeststockvolumegrewto19.5billioncubicmeters.Bothfiguresrepresented30consecutiveyearsofgrowth,makingChinathecountrywiththehighestgrowthinforestresourcesandthelargestareaofman-madeforest.Chinaisalsothefirstcountrytorealizezeronetlanddegradation–itsdesertifiedandsandifiedareasarebothshrinking,andthisishelpingtheworldtoreachtheglobalgoalofzeronetlanddegradationin2030.Since2000,Chinahasledtheworldingreeningtheplanet,contributingaroundonefourthofthenewlyaddedgreenareasintheworld.

（三）推動重點(diǎn)區(qū)域綠色發(fā)展3.Promotingthegreendevelopmentofkeyregions

中國充分發(fā)揮區(qū)域重大戰(zhàn)略的提升引領(lǐng)作用，堅(jiān)持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展理念推動實(shí)施區(qū)域重大戰(zhàn)略，著力打造綠色發(fā)展的第一梯隊(duì)，帶動全國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展綠色化水平整體提升。

Chinagivesfullplaytotheguidingroleofmajorstrategiesforregionaldevelopmentandtheimplementationofthesestrategies,basedonprioritizingeco-environmentalconservationandpromotinggreendevelopment.Itworkstobuildthekeyregionsintopioneersandmodelsingreendevelopmenttoboostgreensocialandeconomicdevelopmentacrossthecountry.

推動京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展生態(tài)環(huán)保率先突破。實(shí)施京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，在交通、環(huán)境、產(chǎn)業(yè)、公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域協(xié)同推進(jìn)，強(qiáng)化生態(tài)環(huán)境聯(lián)建聯(lián)防聯(lián)治。以京津冀地區(qū)為重點(diǎn)，開展華北地區(qū)地下水超采綜合治理，扭轉(zhuǎn)了上世紀(jì)80年代以來華北地下水位逐年下降的趨勢。高起點(diǎn)規(guī)劃、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)雄安新區(qū)，圍繞打造北京非首都功能集中承載地，構(gòu)建布局合理、藍(lán)綠交織、清新明亮、水城共融的生態(tài)城市，打造綠色高質(zhì)量發(fā)展“樣板之城”。2021年，京津冀13個城市空氣質(zhì)量優(yōu)良天數(shù)比例達(dá)到74.1%，比2013年提升32.2個百分點(diǎn)，北京市大氣環(huán)境治理成為全球環(huán)境治理的中國樣本。

PushingforbreakthroughsinenvironmentalprotectioninthecoordinateddevelopmentoftheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion.Thestrategyfortheregion’scoordinateddevelopmenthasbeenimplemented,spurringtheintegrateddevelopmentofareassuchastransport,environment,industryPanel3Saihanba–FromDeserttoOasisandpublicservices,andstrengtheningjointpreventionandcontrolofenvironmentalproblems.Withtheregionasafocus,comprehensiveeffortshavebeenmadetoaddressoverexploitationofgroundwaterinnorthChina,withthegroundwaterlevelgoingdowncontinuouslysincethe1980sbeingreversed.Inthisregion,XionganNewAreaisbeingbuiltaccordingtoforward-lookingplansandhighstandards,withafocusondevelopingitintoadestinationforentitiesrelocatedfromBeijingastheirfunctionsarenon-essentialtoBeijing’sroleasthecapital.Xionganwillbebuiltintoaneco-friendlyexemplarcityofhigh-qualitygreendevelopmentwitharationallayout,agoodbalanceofbluewater,greenareas,cleanair,clearskiesandurbanfacilities.In2021,in13citiesintheregion,74percentofdayshadgoodairquality.Thiswasanincreaseof32percentagepointscomparedwith2013.Beijinghassetanexampleinairqualitycontrolfortheworld.

以共抓大保護(hù)、不搞大開發(fā)為導(dǎo)向推動長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)。長江是中華民族的母親河，也是中華民族發(fā)展的重要支撐。中國堅(jiān)持把修復(fù)長江生態(tài)環(huán)境擺在壓倒性位置，協(xié)調(diào)推動經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)，努力建設(shè)人與自然和諧共生的綠色發(fā)展示范帶，使長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶成為生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展的主戰(zhàn)場。發(fā)揮產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同聯(lián)動整體優(yōu)勢，構(gòu)建綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，加快區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)綠色轉(zhuǎn)型步伐。大力推進(jìn)長江保護(hù)修復(fù)攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，深入實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)污水垃圾處理、化工污染治理、農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染治理、船舶污染治理和尾礦庫污染治理“4+1”工程，全面實(shí)施長江十年禁漁，開展長江岸線利用項(xiàng)目及非法矮圍清理整治。2018年以來，累計(jì)騰退長江岸線162公里，灘岸復(fù)綠1213萬平方米，恢復(fù)水域面積6.8萬畝，長江干流國控?cái)嗝嫠|(zhì)連續(xù)兩年全線達(dá)到Ⅱ類。

Promotingwell-coordinatedenvironmentalconservationandavoidingexcessivedevelopmentwhiledevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt.TheYangtzeRiveristhemotherriveroftheChinesenation,andapowerhouseforChina’sdevelopment.TherestorationoftheYangtzeRiver’seco-environmentisatoppriority.Chinaiscoordinatingeconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionandbuildinganeconomicbeltepitomizinggreendevelopmentandharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.

Takingadvantageoftheopportunitiesofferedbyindustrialintegration,theYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisbuildingagreenindustrialsystemandacceleratingitsgreeneconomictransformation.Atoughbattlehasbeenlaunchedtoprotectandrestoretheeco-environmentintheYangtzeRiverBasin:Intenseeffortshavebeenmadetocarryoutthe“4+1”project–thetreatmentofurbansewageandgarbage,chemicalpollution,agriculturalnon-pointsourcepollution,shippollutionandtailingpondpollution;acomprehensive10-yearfishingbanintheYangtzeRiverBasinhasbeenimplemented;actionhasbeentakentoregulatebanksdevelopmentprojectsandremoveillegaldykes.Since2018,unauthorizedstructuresalong162kilometersoftheriverbankshavebeendemolished,morethan12squarekilometersalongthebankshavebeenrevegetated,and4,533hectareshavebeenreturnedtowater.Thewaterqualityatthestate-monitoredsectionsofthemainstreamoftheYangtzeRiverhasreachedGradeIIlevel(thesecondbestlevel)forthepasttwoyears.

發(fā)揮長三角地區(qū)綠色發(fā)展表率作用。加快長三角生態(tài)綠色一體化發(fā)展示范區(qū)建設(shè)，率先探索將生態(tài)優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展優(yōu)勢、從項(xiàng)目協(xié)同走向區(qū)域一體化制度創(chuàng)新，依托優(yōu)美風(fēng)光、人文底蘊(yùn)、特色產(chǎn)業(yè)，集聚創(chuàng)新要素資源，夯實(shí)綠色發(fā)展生態(tài)本底，打造綠色創(chuàng)新發(fā)展高地。

ThepioneeringroleoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaregioningreendevelopment.TheconstructionoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaIntegratedGreenDevelopmentDemonstrationZonewillbeaccelerated,toexplorewaystotranslateeco-environmentalstrengthsintosocialandeconomicbenefits,andwaysfortheregiontotransitionfromcoordinatedprojectexecutiontoregionalintegratedinstitutionalinnovation.Withpicturesquescenery,arichculture,specialtyindustries,andaclusterofinnovationresources,theregionwilllayasolidfoundationforgreendevelopment,anddevelopintoahubforgreenandinnovation-drivendevelopment.

推動黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。把保護(hù)黃河作為中華民族發(fā)展的千秋大計(jì)，堅(jiān)持對黃河上下游、干支流、左右岸生態(tài)保護(hù)治理工作統(tǒng)籌謀劃。開展全流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)治理，推動上中游水土流失和荒漠化防治以及下游河道和灘區(qū)綜合治理，黃河泥沙負(fù)荷穩(wěn)步下降，確保黃河安瀾。堅(jiān)持以水定城、以水定地、以水定人、以水定產(chǎn)，走水安全有效保障、水資源高效利用、水生態(tài)明顯改善的集約節(jié)約發(fā)展之路。沿黃地區(qū)在保護(hù)傳承弘揚(yáng)黃河文化、發(fā)展特色產(chǎn)業(yè)上積極探索，培養(yǎng)壯大新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)，推動生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值同步提升，讓黃河成為惠民利民的生態(tài)河、幸福河。

Eco-environmentalconservationandhigh-qualitydevelopmentintheYellowRiverBasin.ProtectingtheYellowRiverisalong-termstrategyoffundamentalimportancetotheChinesenation.ChinahasmadecoordinatedplansandcarriedoutecologicalprotectionandimprovementintheentireYellowRiverBasin,includingsoilerosionanddesertificationcontrolinitsupperandmiddlereachesandcomprehensivetreatmentofrivercoursesandbanksinthelowerreaches.ThesedimentloadoftheYellowRiverhassteadilyfallen,whichhelpstoensureitssafety.Wateravailabilityhasbeenadeterminingfactorinurbanandindustrialdevelopment,agriculture,andpopulationdistribution.Apathofintensivewater-conservationhasbeenfollowedsothatwatersecurityhasbeeneffectivelyensured,waterresourcesareusedefficiently,andtheecologyhasimproved.AreasalongtheYellowRiverarebeingprotectedinordertocarryforwardanddisseminatetheYellowRiverculture,developspecialtyindustriesandnurturenewindustriesandbusinessmodels.Thishasraisedboththeeco-environmentalandeconomicvalueoftheriver,tothebenefitofthepeople.

建設(shè)美麗粵港澳大灣區(qū)。以建設(shè)美麗灣區(qū)為引領(lǐng)，著力提升生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量，探索綠色低碳的城市建設(shè)運(yùn)營模式，促進(jìn)大灣區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，使大灣區(qū)天更藍(lán)、山更綠、水更清，打造生態(tài)安全、環(huán)境優(yōu)美、社會安定、文化繁榮的粵港澳大灣區(qū)。

BuildingabeautifulGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea.Chinahasvigorouslyimprovedthequalityoftheeco-environmentinthebayarea,exploredgreenandlow-carbonurbanconstructionandoperationmodels,andpromotedsustainabledevelopment,makingitsskiesbluer,mountainsgreener,andwaterclearer.Theareawillenjoyasafeandbeautifuleco-environment,astablesociety,andculturalprosperity.

（四）建設(shè)生態(tài)宜居美麗家園4.Buildingabeautifulhomewithapleasantlivingenvironment

城鄉(xiāng)是人們聚居活動的主要空間。中國把綠色發(fā)展理念融入城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)活動，大力推動美麗城市和美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)，突出環(huán)境污染治理，著力提升人居環(huán)境品質(zhì)，打造山巒層林盡染、平原藍(lán)綠交融、城鄉(xiāng)鳥語花香的美麗家園。

Urbanandruralareasarethecarriersofhumansettlementsandactivities.Chinaintegratesthephilosophyofgreendevelopmentintourbanandruralconstruction,andpromotesbeautifulcitiesandbeautifulcountrysideinitiatives.Withprioritygiventoenvironmentalpollutioncontrol,Chinastrivestoimprovethelivingenvironmenttobuildabeautifulhomefeaturinglushmountains,greenfields,singingbirds,andblossomingflowers.

建設(shè)人與自然和諧共生的美麗城市。中國把保護(hù)城市生態(tài)環(huán)境擺在突出位置，推進(jìn)以人為核心的城鎮(zhèn)化，科學(xué)規(guī)劃布局城市的生產(chǎn)空間、生活空間、生態(tài)空間，打造宜居城市、韌性城市、智慧城市，把城市建設(shè)成為人與自然和諧共生的美麗家園。堅(jiān)持尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然，依托現(xiàn)有山水脈絡(luò)等獨(dú)特風(fēng)光推進(jìn)城市建設(shè)，讓城市融入大自然，讓居民望得見山、看得見水、記得住鄉(xiāng)愁。持續(xù)拓展城市生態(tài)空間，建設(shè)國家園林城市、國家森林城市，推進(jìn)城市公園體系和綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)，大力推動城市綠化，讓城市再現(xiàn)綠水青山。2012－2021年，城市建成區(qū)綠化覆蓋率由39.22%提高到42.06%，人均公園綠