《英美概況》復(fù)習(xí)題與參考答案

英美文化與國(guó)家概況期末考試填空與簡(jiǎn)答復(fù)習(xí)題Ofalltheseisles,thelargestoneiscalledGreatBritain.Forthesakeofconvenience,GreatBritainisoftenshortenedtoBritain.UnitedKingdomismadeupoffourparts,England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.TheislandofGreatBritaincanbedividedintotwopartsaccordingtoitsgeographicfeatures:theHighlandZoneinthenorthandwestandtheLowlandzoneinthesouthandsoutheast.InAmerica,ThepresidingofficerofthesenateistheVice-presidentoftheUnitedStateswhoservesaschairmanwhentheSenateisinsession.Britaindidnotproducecottonandtextileindustryusedtorelyonwoolastheprincipalfiber.InBritain,thecityBirminghamiswellknownforitsproductionofautomobiles,electricityequipment,electronics,munitions,andarms.BritishgovernmentisproducedthroughcontestbetweentwomajorpoliticalpartieseveryfiveyearsBritishcanenjoyhighereducationinthreeways:Universities,polytechnicsandOpenUniversities.MainlandAmericaissituatedinthesouthernpartofNorthAmericawithtwolandNeighbors,CanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver，whichruns355kilometersandemptiesintotheBristolStrait.WhiteHouseistheplacewhereAmericanPresidentlivesandworks.British’spopulationisoverwhelminglyurban,withabout90%livinginurbanareasand10%livinginruralareas.Britaininventedthelocomotiveandwasthefirstcountrytobuildarailwayintheworldin1825.OneofthemostimportantUSgovernmentprincipleis“ChecksandBalances”.ThemajorityoftheBritishpeoplebelieveinChristianity,whichisthereligionofthefollowersofJesusChrist.ThemostimportantandlongestriverrunningthroughthemiddleplainofAmericaisMississippiRiver.TheU.K.hastwoestablishedchurches:theChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotland.ImportantheavyindustriesinBritainincludeshipbuildingandmotorvehicle.ModernEnglishistheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedKingdomaswellasthefirstlanguageofthevastmajority20.InBritain,theplacewhereparliamenthassessionsinLondonisthePalaceofWestminster.21.TheUSCongresshastwochambers,theSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.TheSenatecomprises100Senators,twofromeachofthe50states22.Inearlytimes,Britishnobilitycanbedividedintouppernobilityandlowernobilityaccordingtotheamountofthelandtheypossessed.23.InBritain,thenucleusofthegovernmentisknownastheCabinet,whichisheadedbytheprimeminister.24.IntheUnitedKingdom,politicsisunderthecontrolofpoliticalparties,andthisisknownaspartypolitics.25.TheUSConstitutionprotectsfreedomofspeechandfreedomofthepresssothatcommonpeoplecanmaketheiropinionsknown.26.ThehighestcourtinBritainistheSupremeCourt.27.Ifthejurycannotreachaunanimousagreement,itbecomesknownasahungjury.28.TheEnglishlegalprofessionisdividedintotwobranches:solicitorsandbarristers.29.Britainwasthefirstcountrytointroduceaneweconomicsystemknownasfreeenterprise.30.Tomeettheincreasingneedandprotectenvironment,Britainhasbeguntodevelopsomenewenergies,suchasbio-fuels,derivingfromwasteandcrops.31.Traditionally,theBritishculturehasbeencharacterizedbyitsrequirementofdecencyandcivilityindoingthings.32.TothesouthofSanFranciscolocatesafamousvalley,namedSiliconValley,whichhasnowbecomethecenterofAmerica’selectronicindustry.33.TheMississippiRiverValley,alsoknownasthe_CentralPlain_,consistsofthelargeareabetweentheAppalachianontheeastandtheRockyMountainsonthewest.34.Britainhastraditionallybeenamanufacturingnationandwasonceknownasthe“workshopoftheworld.”35.OneofthemostfamousnaturalparkinAmerica,YellowStoneNationalPark,issituatedinthestateWyoming.36.LasVegas,themoststrikinggamblingcityinAmerica,completelyreliesonthewaterfromtheColoradoRiver.37.Everythingrelatedwithfamilylife,includingfamilymeals,isregardedasprivacyinBritain.38.Theworkingclasspeopleusuallyhavea“hightea”withhotdishesatabout5o’clockintheafternoon;39.Themiddle-classpeoplenormallyhaveanearly“l(fā)ighttea”atabout4or5o’clockintheafternoon.40.PrivateschoolsinBritainareofficiallycalledindependentschoolsbecausetheyareindependentofthegovernment.簡(jiǎn)答問(wèn)題：（15題）簡(jiǎn)要回答問(wèn)題：WhyisAmericacomparedtoamelting-pot?WhatarethecharactersoftypicalBritishpeople?WhydoBritishpeopleliketotalkaboutweathersomuch?WhatchangeshavetakenplaceinBritishfamilies?Whatarethepossiblecausesforthosechanges?WhoarethefamousQueensinBritishhistory?Pleasewritedowntheirnames.WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofJuryTrial?WhatarethepopularfestivalsinAmerica?Pleaselisttwoorthreenamesofthem.WhatisthefunctionofmonarchinBritain?WhyisBritishgovernmentsystemcalled“ConstitutionalMonarchy”?PleaselistsomefamousriversinAmerica.Whatmeasurescangovernmenttaketoadjustthedevelopmentofeconomy?WhydosomeHistorianscallblackAmericans“unwillingimmigrants”?WhatarethefactorsthatcanhelpyoudecidesocialstatusofamaninBritishsociety?WhatarethespiritsAmericanPeopleworship?HowdoesAmericangovernmentsystemdemonstratetheprincipleof“ChecksandBalances”?英美文化與國(guó)家概況期末考試填空與簡(jiǎn)答復(fù)習(xí)題2、知識(shí)填空題：(40題)GreatBritain;BritainEngland;Wales;NorthernIrelandHighlandZone;LowlandZoneVice-presidentwoolBirminghamfiveUniversities;OpenUniversitiesCanada;MexicoSevernWhiteHouseurban;ruralrailwayBalancesChristianity;JesusChristMississippiRiverestablished;England;Scotlandshipbuilding;motorvehicleproductionModernEnglishthePalaceofWestminsterSenate;HouseofRepresentatives;100;twoupper;lowerCabinetpartiesspeech;thepresstheSupremeCourthungsolicitors;barristersfreebio-fuelsdecencySiliconValleyCentralPlain;Appalachian;RockyworkshopWyomingLasVegasprivacyhighlightindependent簡(jiǎn)答問(wèn)題：（15題）AsimmigrantsfromdifferentregionsandculturescametoliveintheUnitedStates,theiroldwaysoflifemeltaway,andtheybecamepartoftheAmericanculture.Traditionally,theBritishculturehasbeencharacterizedbyitsrequirementofdecencyandcivilityindoingthings.BecausetheweatherinBritainisverychangeable;moreover,asBritishpeopletendtoavoidprivatetopics,weatherisconsideredtobeasafetopic.Today,Britishwomenarenolongerconfinedtotrditionalhousechores.Womenemployeescanbefoundinalmosteverypartofsociallife.Theymakeupabout48%oftheBritishlaborforce.Paidjobsmeantindependenceforwomen,whichfinallyledtochangesinwomen’ssocialstatus.Mary;ElizabethI;Victoria;ElizabethIIThejurytrialinBritainembodiessomebasicprincipleofthevaluecherishedbytheBritishpeople,suchastheprotectionofindividualrights.However,ifthejurycannotreachaunanimousagreement,itbecomesknownasahungjury.Thenanewjuryhastobeformed,andanewtrailiscalled.ChristmasDay;NewYear’sDay;ThanksgivingDay;IndependenceDay;Lincoln’sBirthday;HalloweenOvercenturiesinhistory,theEnglishmonarchpersonallycontrolledsupremeexecutive,legislative,andjudicialpower.Afterthefoundingofthelawcourtinthe12thcenturyandParliamentinthe13thcentury,thedirectexerciseofthesefunctionsbythemonarchgraduallydecreased.Ontheonehand,MonarchisthesymbolofsupremepowerinBritain;ontheotherhand,thepowerofMonarchislimitedbylaws,andithasmainlyadvisoryandceremonialresponsibilities,therealpowerisclenchedbyPrimeMinisterandparliament.theMississippiRiver,theMissouriRiver,theOhioRiver,theTennesseeRiver,theColoradoRiver,TheRioGrandeRiver,thePotomacRiver,theHudsonRiver1)Fiscalpolicy:increase/decreasetaxrate;increase/decreasegovernmentbudget.2)Monetarypolicy:increase/decreaseinterestrate;issuenationalbond.12.Becausetheywerevictimsofthetrafficinslav