被動(dòng)語態(tài)全課件

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ThePassiveVoice初三英語復(fù)習(xí)語態(tài)：表示主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。

語態(tài)一：英語的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語賓變主,主變賓,前加by主動(dòng)語態(tài)Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.這些書是為兒童寫的。Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年都得種更多的樹。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰.It’s/wassaid/believed/reported/+that…It’sreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake.據(jù)報(bào)道，這次地震中大約有三百人死亡。

（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用by短語。ThecupwasbrokenbyDavid.（3）作客觀說明時(shí)，常采用一種被動(dòng)語態(tài)句型.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成：

Be+PP（過去分詞）考點(diǎn)一1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am/is/are+doneNowEnglish_____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldA.speaksB.IsspokenC.wasspokenExercise主變被解題步驟:1.找賓語----即動(dòng)作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3.判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)----即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4.修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài)----即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞

made5.修改原句的主語----即by+主語/賓語.bytheminthatfactory.1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的謂語。3.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的by短語。（①by短語可以省。②by短語后跟代詞的賓格。）bytheteacher.3.Theteacheroftenasks

himquestions.HeisaskedquestionsTheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadebyusinBeijing.2.They

bought

tencomputers

lastterm．

Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/were+doneThelostboy_____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedforExercise1.

They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．

bythem

lastterm.lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytrees

lastyear.ManytreeswereplantedTencomputerswereboughtTheybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuilding

wasbuilt

bythemlastyear.Theclassroom

wascleaned

byhimyesterday.

Ourclassroom

wascleaned

by

usjustnow.Thisroom

wasusedfor

restingbythem.5.They

willfinish

thework

intendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

will+be+doneTheyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehad

tomorrow.begoingto+be+doneThenewairport_____nextyear.A.willbuildB.willbebuiltC.isbuiltExercise1.Theywillfinish

theworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomwillclean

theroom

tomorrow.TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom

tomorrow.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschooltomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.8.We

havemade

twentykeys．Twentykeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：

have/has+been+過去分詞Thereddress_____outalready.A.hasbeensoldB.hassoldC.weresoldExercise1.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．byus.Twentymorekeyshavebeenmade2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.7.Marry

cantakegoodcareof

Tina．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byMarry.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+doneFlowers_____everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwaterExercise1.Weshouldfinishourhomeworkontime.byusontime.Ourhomeworkshouldbefinished2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.Morewater

shouldbedrunkbyyou.1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.

Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)was/were+done一般將來時(shí)will/begoingto/shall+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+beendone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/isare+beingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+beingdone過去完成時(shí)hadbeen+done過去將來時(shí)would/shouldbegoingto+bedone含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must/…+bedoneEg：1.Hegaveme

abook.－Iwasgivenabookbyhim.（以I做主語）－AbookwasgiventomebyTom.（以物book作主語）2.Heteachesus

English.－WearetaughtEnglishbyhim.（以人當(dāng)主語）－Englishistaughttousbyhim.（以物作主語）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種類型1.帶雙賓語句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài).（指物的賓語叫直接賓語，指人的賓語叫間接賓語）常見的接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,handfor:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”當(dāng)主語時(shí)，變法和一般的變法一樣；以“物”當(dāng)主語時(shí)，在保留的間接賓語前必須加to或for.考點(diǎn)二賓語加上賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語位置不變，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。

We

keep

food

freshinthefridge.

主謂賓賓補(bǔ)

－Food

iskeptfreshinthefridge.

Isaw

him

gointotheofficebuilding.

－He

wasseentogointotheofficebuilding.2.帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)許多由不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意：動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不能去掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞.They

takegoodcareof

mychild.

Mychildistakengoodcareofbythem.Iturnedoff

theradio.Theradiowasturnedoff(byme).

3.動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)下列這些短語本身即是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式，不需再加－bybecoveredwith…用…覆蓋著beinterestedin…對(duì)…感興趣besurprisedat…對(duì)…感到驚奇bemadeof（from）用…制造的動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)takecareof－betakencareofcutdown－becutdownlaughat－belaughedatlookafter－belookedafter即feel,hear,listen,have,make,let,look,watch,see,notice，這些詞在主動(dòng)句中，后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加to.1.Isaw

himplaybasketballlastSunday.HewasseentoplaybasketballlastSunday.2.Weheard

themsingintheclassroom.Theywasheardtosingintheclassroom.4.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.

open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等詞作及物動(dòng)詞且它們的主語為物時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。Thispenwritesverysmoothly.

主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義Thissweaterwasheswell2.Feel,sound,look,taste,smell,等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Schooluniformslookgoodonus.Dinnersmellsgood.Thecaketastesdelicious.3.Beworthdoing

是主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Thisfilmisworthseeing.Thebookisworthreading.4.Want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedoneMybikeneedsrepairing.Mybikeneedstoberepaired.1).不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Eg:belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,begin,become,dissapear,comeout等。Itwillhappenin50years.（T）

Itwillbehappenedin50years.(F)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：2)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的謂語是表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Wewillhaveameeting.(T)Ameetingwillbehadbyus.(F)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：3)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，不能把它們轉(zhuǎn)化成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。MymotherenjoyswatchingTV.(T)

Heaskedtohaveatry.(T)WatchingTVisenjoyedbymymother.(F)Tohaveatrywasaskedbyhim.(F)【T】Youmustlookafteryourself.【F】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

【T】TheyhelpeachotherstudyEnglish.

【F】EachotherishelpedtostudyEnglish.4）當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：選擇填空5.－Doyouliketheskirt?－It_______soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait7._____toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays8.－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.－Sorry,______already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit_____yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven11.Water______intoice.A.willchangedB.mustbechangedC.shouldchangeD.canbechanged12.Plays______twiceamonthinthattheatre.A.putonB.areputonC.wasputonD.oftenputon

13.Thebirds_______flyawaylastSaturday.A.lettoB.islettoC.wasletD.wereletto14.Astrangesound______yesterdaye