獨立主格用法詳解

獨立主格用法詳解一、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個名詞或代詞（作為邏輯主語），加上一個形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等在句中作狀語。它有以下三個特點：(1)

\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。(2)

名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。(3)

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式英語中，\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式是：名詞或代詞跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞連在一起，構(gòu)成\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1.

名詞/代詞+不定式。如：Ahousetobebuilt,wemustsaveeverycent.由于要建一座房子，我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢。NowhereisLiLei,WeiFangtocometomorrow.現(xiàn)在李蕾來了，魏方明天到。2.

名詞/代詞+-ing分詞。如：Thebuscomingheresoon,weshouldgeteverythingready.汽車很快就要來了，我們應該把一切事情準備好。Motherbeingill,LiLeiwasveryworried.母親病了，李蕾非常焦急。3.

名詞/代詞+動詞的過去分詞。如：Hiscupbroken,heusedhisbowlinstead.茶杯破了，他就用碗來代替。4.

名詞/代詞+形容詞。如：Thegroundmuddy,weshouldbecareful.地面濘泥，我們應該小心。5.

名詞/代詞+副詞。如：Theclassover,weallwentouttoplay.下課后，我們都出去玩。6.

名詞/代詞+介詞短語。如(from)：Glassesinhishand,heaskedwherehisglasseswere.手里拿著眼鏡，他問他的眼鏡哪去了。三、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件和伴隨等情況。1.

作時間狀語Schoolover,thestudentswenthome.放學后，學生們都回家了。Theceremonyended,thegamesbegan.儀式結(jié)束后，比賽開始了。2.

作條件狀語Itbeingfinetomorrow,we’llgoboating.如果明天天氣好的話，我們就去劃船。LiLeicoming,itisnotnecessarytoaskWuDong.如果李蕾來的話，就沒有必要叫吳東了。3.

作原因狀語Themeetingbeingputoff,weneedn’thurry.由于會議推遲了，我們就沒有必要匆忙了。Mr.Libeingill,MissYangwillgiveusthislessoninstead.李老師病了，楊老師將代他來給我們上這堂課。4.

作伴隨狀語Mr.Licomeshere,

abookinhishand.李先生手里拿著書過來了。Asmileonherface,sheaskedwhatshecoulddoforus.她面帶微笑問道我們要什么。使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾點注意

1.

獨立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下課后，學生很快離開了教室。

2.

不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略：(1)

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因為是星期天，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。(2)

在Therebeing＋名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。

3.

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.

主編來了，我們開始開會。比較動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)：Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.

4.

獨立主格的時態(tài)問題6.

Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand________agunandhisface________withsweat.A

held;covered

B.

holding;covering

C.

holding;covered

D.

held;covering

7.

Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_________.A.

flowedinthebreeze

B.

wasflowinginthebreeze

C.

wereflowinginthebreeze

D.

flowinginthebreeze8.

Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_________fortheday.A.finishing

B.

finished

C.

hadfinished

D.

werefinished9.

OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.their

B.

whose

C.

which

D.

that10.

TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,oneaToyota,________LandRoverofthelatest.A.another

B.

other

C.

theother

D.

theothers【答案與解析】1.

D。halfofthemnovels為\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于andhalfofthemarenovels。2.

C。考查“with+名詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。3.

A。mostofthemcarrying...為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于andmostofthemwerecarrying...，也可改為：mostofwhomwerecarrying。注意改動后連詞and的使用和動詞were的使用。4.

C。allofthemover600yearsold為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于andallofthemareover600yearsold。5.

D。第一空填being，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；第二空填不定式表目的。6.

C。\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，hisrighthand

與hold有主謂關(guān)系，故用holding,而

hisface與

cover是動賓關(guān)系，故用covered.7.

D。herlonghair

與

flowing

是主動關(guān)系，這是“\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”作狀語。8.

B。因lessons與動詞finish之間為被動關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞。其實，theirlessonsfinishedfortheday為\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。9.

A。此題容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語從句。其實，句中的theirparentsseatedtogetherjoking

不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞

seated

不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為

seat

作動詞用時，是及物動詞。10.

D。易誤選C。后面部分實際上是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，省略了being。補充完整就是：TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,onebeingaToyota,theothersbeingLandRoverofthelatest.(兩個\o""獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均表伴隨狀語)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)練習1.

The

weather___fine,

they

decided

to

go

out

for

a

walk.

A.

wereB.

was

C.

is

D.

being

2.The

composition

given

by

the

teacher___

,

Alice

went

to

watch

TV.

A.

being

done

well

B.

has

been

done

well

C.

having

done

well

D.

done

well3.

The

last

plane___

,

they

had

to

stay

in

the

hotel

for

another

night.

A.

left

B.

having

left

C.

having

been

left

D.

be

leaving

4.

It

is

a

beautiful

village

with

a

mountain____

it.

A.

Surrounded

B.

surrounding

C.

having

surrounded

D.

having

been

surrounded

5.

Everything___

into

consideration,

his

work

is

well

done.

A.

taking

B.

taken

C.

has

been

taken

D.

being

taken

6.

All

his

work___,

he

left

his

office

at

ease.

A.

finished

B.

had

been

finished

C.

finishing

D.

to

finish

7.The

power

station

was

built

on

the

river

with

our

village

and

some

others___

with

electricity.

A.

to

supply

B.

supplied

C.

supplying

D.

having

supplied

8.

____five

minutes____

before

the

last

train

left,we

arrived

atthe

station.

A.

There

being;

to

go

B.

It

was;

left

C.

It

had;

left

D.

There

was;

to

go

9.

Christmas____,

the

family

was

full

of

excitement.

A.

was

then

only

days

away

B.

were

then

only

days

away

C.

then

only

days

away

D.

having

been

then

only

days

away

10.

They

first

reach

an

agreement

on

the

basic

principle,

the

details____later.

A.

to

work

it

out

B.

having

been

worked

out

C.

to

be

worked

out

D.

being

worked

out

11.

The

purse_____,

they

went

to

the

police.

A.

not

yet

found

B.

hasn’t

been

found