英語語法句型結(jié)構(gòu)知識點梳理匯總

英語句型結(jié)構(gòu)一．簡單句：英語基本句型-1主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;eg:OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.Deepwaterstaysstill.Hewasatwork.Sheisingoodhealth.Itisbeyondmyability.Iwasataloss.Youareunderarrest.英語基本句型-2主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動詞構(gòu)成,常用來表示主語的動作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Theyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Shesattherealone.4.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.5.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake。英語基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語構(gòu)成。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.英語基本句型-4雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）”組成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。英語基本句型-5復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu):此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構(gòu)成。賓語補足語用來補充和說明賓語的性質(zhì)和特點，若無賓語補足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.Mymotheraskedmetocleanmyroom.Theteachermadeallstudentsfinishtheirhomeworkontime.用it做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.也可以說Ifounditwaspleasanttobewithyourfamily.它們的區(qū)別在于第一個是簡單句第二個是復(fù)合句，意思都是一樣的。英語基本句型-6Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達存在關(guān)系可以稱“……有……”。它其實是全倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實際語意。此句型有時不用be動詞，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.Be與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：現(xiàn)在有thereis/are…過去有therewas/were…將來有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...過去曾經(jīng)有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.二．并列句。結(jié)構(gòu)：1.由分號連接。eg.Somepeoplecry;otherslaugh.Let’sstartearly;wehavealongwaytogo.2.由并列連詞及詞組連接-——and/but/or/so/however/still/therefore/yet/while/otherwise/for/both…and…/notonly…butalso…/aswellas/orelse/either…or…/neither…nor…/not…but…等。eg:I’dliketo,butIhavelotsofhomeworktodo.I’vegotacold,soI’mgoingtobed.Bothmyfatherandmotherareteachers.It’sverygood,yetIdon’tlikeit.三、復(fù)合句構(gòu)成：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全局的主體，從句只是全句中的一個成分，不能獨立存在。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)的，引導(dǎo)詞起連接主句和從句的作用。分類：名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句），形容詞性從句（定語從句），副詞性從句（狀語從句）。1.主語從句(SubjectClause)一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個主語,那么這個句子就是主語從句.1）常規(guī)主語從句，句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.Whateveryoudidisright.Whosewatchwaslostisunknown.Whatweneedistime.小結(jié):（1)引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)連詞位于句首不能省略（3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三人稱單數(shù)。注意：為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語擱置于句末Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)小結(jié):（1)以that引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導(dǎo).Itis+形容詞/名詞/某些動詞ed+that從句.（2)在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣(should+do/should+havedone)2.表語從句定義：表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。Theproblemispuzzling.主語連系動詞形容詞作表語Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.主語連系動詞一個句子作表語---表語從句連接表語從句的連接詞有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.Hehasbecomeateacher.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.Shehasremainedthereforanhour.ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.Hissuggestionisgood.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.Thequestionisconfusing.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.WhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Whyhecriedyesterday.HowIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.注意：1.表語從句一定要用陳述語序。False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.2.不用if，而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外）。False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.3.像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.4.that在表語從句中不能省掉。3.賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.構(gòu)成:帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個主句和一個賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.Hesuggested(that)weshouldcleanthecorridoreveryday.賓語Hetoldme(that)hewouldleaveDalianairportat8pm.間接賓語直接賓語Hetoldmewherehewasgoingtotravelthatsummer.間接賓語直接賓語Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewbook?Noneofusknowswherethesecanbebought.注意：1.用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it這類動詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.2.介詞的賓語從句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.3.形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.4.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.⑤避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if.5.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?6.賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r的時候,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過去時的時候,從句用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時候不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Whodoyouthinkthepublicmig