被動語態(tài)練習(xí)題

一）語態(tài)的基本概念和種類語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。因此英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化體現(xiàn)出來的。語態(tài)有兩種：積極語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為積極語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。如：Theybuiltthebridge.Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.(二)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化體現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以teach為例闡明被動語態(tài)在多種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般目前時：am／is／are＋taught一般過去時：was／were＋taught一般未來時：will／shallbe＋taught目前進行時：am／is／arebeing＋taught過去進行時：have／hasbeen＋taught目前完畢時：have／hasbeen＋taught歌訣是：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟背面。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是常考的一種知識點：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞(三)被動語態(tài)的使用方法1)不懂得或沒有必要闡明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.某些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不懂得電腦是誰偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.這本書出版于1981年。(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：thewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗戶是邁克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.這本書是他寫的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。歌訣：誰做的動作不懂得，說出誰做的沒有必要；動作承受者需強調(diào)，被動語態(tài)運用到（四）積極語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的措施與注意事項歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語背面跟。謂語動詞變被動，be后“過度”來使用。(1)一般的措施是：將積極構(gòu)造中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍訕?gòu)造中的主語，將積極構(gòu)造中的謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e/get+過去分詞”形式，將積極構(gòu)造中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(若動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要闡明則可以省略該by短語)。如：LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.這棵樹是李蕾去年栽的。WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.這些機器是長沙造的。(2)將具有復(fù)合賓語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)將賓語變?yōu)楸粍訕?gòu)造的主語，而賓語的補足語則留在原處成為主語補足語。如：Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.昨天門被漆成綠色了。注意：表達“使、讓”的動詞make,have等，以及感官動詞see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等，在積極語態(tài)中，接不定式做賓語補足語時，不定式前的to要省略，而變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，成為主語補足語的不定式，則必須帶to。如：Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.看見他進入了教師辦公室。(3)帶雙賓語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，既可將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而在間接賓語前加to或for留在動詞之后；也可將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍訕?gòu)造的主語，而直接賓語留在動詞之后。但一般采用后一種使用方法。如：Hegavemethepenlastyear.→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear./Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.這支筆是去年給我的?！娟U明】一般說來，間接賓語前帶to的動詞有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等；間接賓語前帶for的動詞有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。(4)動詞believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被動語態(tài)，常有兩種構(gòu)造形式。如：Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.人們說他在車禍中受傷了。Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人們說他在車禍中受傷了。(5)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，短語動詞背面的介詞或副詞不能省略。如：Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她從未動過手術(shù)。Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的計劃大家都譏笑。（6）動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)：即把todo變成tobedone（五）不用被動語態(tài)的狀況1)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞；raise,seat是及物動詞。(錯)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(對)Thepricehasrisen.(錯)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(錯)Thepricehasraised.(對)Thepricehasbeenraised.(錯)Pleaseseat.(對)Pleasebeseated.要想對的地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。尤其是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種使用方法。處理這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留心積累。2)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系動詞無被動語態(tài)：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4)帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，互相代詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。(對)Shelikestoswim.(錯)Toswimislikedbyher.被動語態(tài)練習(xí)題積極句轉(zhuǎn)被動句1hismothertoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.2FathergavemeatoyatChristmas.3Thisfactoryproducesmachinetools.4Theyshoulddoitatonce.5Heislikelytoletyoudown.6Theynamedthechildtom.答案1Hewastoldnottowastetimeonfishing(byhismother).2IwasgivenatoyatChristmas(bymyfather).3Machinetoolsareproducedinthisfactory.4Itshouldbedoneatonce(bythem).5Youarelikelytobeletdown.6Thechildwasnamedtom.以上幾種例子都是從語法書摘抄的。代表了幾種不一樣形式的被動變法。1\2是不一樣的動賓短語中賓語變被動；3是一般句子變被動；4是情態(tài)動詞變被動；5是不定式變被動；6是主—動—賓—補構(gòu)造的積極句變被動。把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)1.Wefoundsomejewelsinabox.2.Theteacheriskeepingthepupilsatschoolforarevision.3.Jameshasleftaparcelforyou.4.YoumustfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.5.Theywillnotpaintthehouseagainnextyear.6.TheypromisedMaryanewdollforherbirthday.7.Ihavetoldthechildrenmanytimesnottoskateonthepond.8.Wheredidhetranslatethestory?9.WehadtorepairourTVset.10.Dotheytakegoodcareofthesick?11.Theycompanyhaspaidtheworkersveryhandsomewages.12.Theyshowedmetheroomwheretheylived.把下列句子變成積極語態(tài)1.SpanishisspokeninSouthAmerica.2.Theplanswillhavetoberevised.3.Allthewordsmustbelookedupinadictionary.4.HasJohnbeencuredofhisheartillness?5.Thedoorshouldnothavebeenleftopenallnight.6.Weareafraidthatwemaybeattackedatnight.7.Wearebeingtaughthowtooperatethenewmachine.用動詞的對的時態(tài)填空Ourdesksandchairs________________(make)ofwood.Thepaperofbooksandnewspapers______also___________(make)fromwood.Evensomekindsofcloth__________________(make)fromit.Manypeople____________(burn)woodtokeepthemselveswarminwinter.Indeed,wood_______(be)importantinoureverydaylife.Where________wood__________(come)from?It________________(take)fromtreeswhich_____________(grow)inthemountains._________you____________(know)howit____________(get)tousfromthemountains?Firstofall,trees___________(cut)downwhenthey______________(grow)bigenough.Thentheirbranches_______________(cut)off,andlogs_______________(make).Theseheavylogs________________(put)togetherindifferentwaysand_________________(take)downtothefootofthemountains.Someofthem_________________(float使漂流)downthesmallriversandothers_________________(carry)downontrains.Bigtrees________________(cut)downinthemountainseveryyear.Thenyoungones______________________(must,plant)sothatwe______always________________(can,have)enoughwood.Wehavetotakegoodcareofmountainssothatthey__________always_________________(may,cover)withgrowingtrees.翻譯1.Theshirtwasheswell.2.Theshirtisbeingwashednow.3.Thedoorwon’tlock.4.Theshopisclosednow.5.Theroomisfilledwithsmoke.6.Itisreportedthatthebigfirehasbeenputout.7.臺灣屬于中國.8.韓寒的書很暢銷.9.這錄音機不轉(zhuǎn).10.火災(zāi)是怎樣發(fā)生的?11.這個問題值得討論.12.這種布摸起來很柔軟.選擇對的答案1.WhenIgottohisoffice,I__________thathe_________out.A.told,hadbeenB.wastold,wasC.hadtold,wasD.wastold,hadbeen2.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They______fortoolong.A.cookedB.werecookedC.hadcookedD.hadbeencooked3.Theanti-Japanesewar______in1937andit______eightyears.A.wasbroken,lastedB.brokeout,lastedC.breakout,lastedD.brokeout,waslasted4.Shewasheard__A______anEnglishsong.A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang5.Theseboxesareveryheavy___.A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarrying6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse________andalotofthings________.A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenC.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hasbrokeninto,hasstolen7.Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.A.haveusedB.usedC.beusedD.use8.Johnhasneverdreamtof_________.A.takentoAthensB.takingtoAthensC.betakingtoAthensD.beingtakentoAthens9.Nobodylikes__________.A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed10.Thebridge___________willbecompletednextyear.A.builtB.beingbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.building11.Itissaidthattigers________inAsiayearafteryear.A.arebeingdisappearedB.aredisappearingC.willbedisappearedD.willdisappear12.I’mgoingtoWuhantomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourmother?A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking13.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout14.Yournewcomputerwillsoonbecomeoutdated,becausetechnology_______sofast.A.isdevelopedB.isbeingdevelopedC.hasbeendevelopedD.willdeveloped15.Iwon’tgotothepartyunless_________.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.beinvitedD.inviting16.Theproblem________lastweekisveryimportant.A.wasdiscussedB.discussedC.beingdiscussedD.bediscussed17.Weshouldkeeptheanimalsfrom________.A.beendangeredB.endangeringC.beingendangeredD.endangered18.Therearenorivers_______outoftheDeadSea.A.flowedB.flowingC.beingflowedD.beflown19.Thisplacehasbeendestroyed.Sothereisnobamboo______forpandastofeedon.A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.beleft20.Allthepreparationsforthetask________,andwearereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted高一英語被動語態(tài)基本功過關(guān)一、選擇題（每題1分共40分）1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone7.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent8.--When___thiskindofcomputer______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used9.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump13.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter14.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served16.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.had17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.isbeingcompleted18.Greatchanges_______inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_______in1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded19.—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehas_______byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.given.C.togiveD.begiven23.I___tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding26.Thisbike________lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought27.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyed28.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdecidingC.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided29.Thepen_______me.Itishers.A.isn’tbelongtoB.wasn’tbelongtoC.doesn’tbelongtoD.didn’tbelongto30.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairing31.Thechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe______tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself_____.A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hear.Chadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard32．—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It_____forweeks.（全國03）A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned33.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing.(上海春季,27)A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted34.—Howlong_______atthisjob?—Since1990.(NMET北京春季,27)A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed35.—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?—_______.(NMET北京春季,34)A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem36.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling(NMET北京春季,27)37.Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(上海春季,30)A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut38.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.C.willhavechangedD.willchange(NMET,24)39.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.(NMET北京春季,12)A.loseBwillbelostC.arelostD.willlose40.Anewcinema_______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt(NMET北京春季,17)1234567891011121314151617181920BDACCBBBBBBDBABBBADC2122232425262728293031323334353637383940BABCBCDACBADDBACCABD練習(xí)題1)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestartedC)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstarted3)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken4)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound5)“Haveyoumovedsintosthenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted6)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped7)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed8)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished9)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefinedB)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined10)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome11)Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced12)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is13)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded14)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomesB)isovercomeC)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome15)Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeen16)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling17)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwon18)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowswhereshe____now.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen18)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobeC)beenprovedD)provedbeing19)Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,____photographicallyinMarch1930.A)discoveredB)wasdiscoveredC)bydiscoveryD)whendiscovered20)Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.A)ourseatshadtobechangedB)ourseatswerechangedC)wehadtochangeourseatsD)ourseatswerechangedbyus22)Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A)createdB)hascreatedC)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreated23)Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidtoC)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidto24)Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.A)havetakenB)havebeentakenC)havebeentakingD)havebeentaking25)Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.A)shavingsbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)shavingsgivenD)tohavegiven26)Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit____.A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobeknown27)Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnextmonth.A)mustbecompletedB)musthavebeencompletedC)willbecompletingD)willhavebeencompleting28)TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoanAmericanport.A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbroughtC)hadbeenbroughtD)wastobebrought29)Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelonging30)Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopenedB)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopenD)opens31)Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplained32)Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.A)wereconductingB)wereconductedC)hadbeenconductedD)hadconducted33)Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimself____byamaninblack.A)tailedB)beentailedC)wastailedD)hadbeentailed34)Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination____atthismoment.A)isinterviewingB)beinginterviewedC)isbeinginterviewedD)interviewing35)Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.A)buildingB)buildC)builtD)tobuild36)Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.A)mustkeeptoB)mustbekeptC)mustkeepD)mustbekeptup37)Thecomposition____anymore.A)neednottobecorrectedB)doesn'tneedtobecorrectedC)doesn'tneedbecorrectedD)neednotcorrect38)Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterdayA)toberobbedB)tohavekeenrobbedC)robbedD)shavingsbe