江西省南昌市部分學校2022-2023學年高二下學期6月期末英語試題

高二英語試卷注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whichofthefollowingdoesthewomansuggestthemanbuy?A.Atoybear. B.Atelescope. C.Abook.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:IneedtogetTomsomethingforhisbirthday.Maybeatoybear?W:He’sfartoooldforthatnow.Heisinterestedinastronomy.IgothimsomebookstoreadatChristmas.Maybeyoucouldgethimatelescopetoobservethesky.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whobrokethepen?A.Theman’smother. B.Thewoman. C.Theman.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Sorry,Bella.Ithoughtitwasyouwhobrokemypenyesterday,butIdidn’tknowitwasMom’sfaultuntilshetoldmetoday.W:What?Ididn’tknowaboutit.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whenarethespeakersgoingtoleave?A.At3:45. B.At3:15. C.At2:45.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Shallwegoataquarterpastthree?M:No,let’sgoataquartertothree.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WheredidLucyprobablygojustnow?A.Tothebookstore. B.Tothesupermarket. C.Tothepostoffice.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Lucy.Nicemeetingyouhere.W:Yes,it’sreallyasurprise.IpostedsomeclothesjustnowandIplantogotothebookstore.M:Ijustcameoutfromthesupermarket.Ihavetogonow.Wecanhaveanicechatnexttime.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howdoesthemanwanttotravel?A.Bycar. B.Byplane. C.Bytrain.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Whereshallwegoonholidaythisyear?W:Whydon’twetakeatraindowntotheseaside?Orwecanborrowmydad’scar?M:Goingtotheseasideisagreatidea,butI’dliketoflytheretosavetime.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatisthespeakers’attitudetowardstakingthebus?A.Unconcerned. B.Negative. C.Understanding.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Gocycling. B.Holdaparty. C.Waitforanotherbus.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:Bill,whendoyouthinkthebusisgoingtogethere?M:Ihavenoidea,butit’sobviouslylate.W:Yeah,it’shalfpastfivenow.We’llsurelybelateforthedinnerparty.M:Ihatetakingthebus.W:SodoI.Youcannevercountonpublictransportation.Thetrafficisalwaysheavy.M:Exactly.W:Ireallycan’tstandwaitingatthebusstopanylonger.Let’sgobybike.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatdidthemandoaweekago?A.Hewenttoaclubmeeting.B.Hebegantowritehisessay.C.Hehandedinhisphysicalpaper.9.Whatisthewoman’sEnglishessayabout?A.Atypicalforeignschool.B.Awriterinanothercountry.C.Atypicalforeignschoolday.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Nina.Haveyoufinishedyourphysicalpaperyet?W:Ihandeditinyesterday.Bytheway,haveyoubeentoanyoftheartclubmeetingsyet?M:Yeah,Iwenttooneaweekago.Itwasfun.W:Cool.Well,I’vegottogonow.Ihaven’tstartedmyEnglishessayyet.Haveyou?M:Yeah,Istarteditlastnight.Whichtopicdidyouchoose?W:Atypicalschooldayinanothercountry.Haveyoueverwrittenaboutthattopicbefore?Ineedsomeideas.M:Sorry,no.YoucanaskSimone.Ithinkshealreadyfinishedthistopic.W:That’sagoodidea.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.WhatdoesJackoffertodoforMary?A.HelpherimproveherEnglish.B.Introducehertohisneighbors.C.Showheraroundtheneighborhood.11.WhatdoesMaryplantodoonThursday?A.Meetafriend. B.Lookforaflat. C.Decorateagarden.12.WhatwillJack’sneighborsprepareforthegathering?A.Acake. B.Somecoffee. C.Someflowers.【答案】10.B11.A12.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Mary.Haveyoumetanyofyourneighborsyet?W:Notreally,Jack.It’squitedifficultbecausemyEnglishisn’tverygood.M:What?YourEnglishisfine,Mary!Anyway,lotsofpeopleherearefromdifferentcountries.W:Arethey?Ididn’tknowthat.M:Actually,twoofmyneighborsareingroundtomyflatforcoffeeonFridaymorning.Doyoualsowanttoesothatyoucanmeetthem?W:Letmethink.TodayisWednesday.TomorrowI’mgoingtoseemyfriendLuke.Soyes,IshouldbefreeonFriday.WhattimeshouldIeround?M:Is10:30OK?W:Yes,thatsoundsgreat,thankyou.I’llmakeacake.That’smycountry’straditionalsnack.It’scalledmawacake.I’msurethatallofyouwilllikeit!M:Wow,thanks!Myneighborsalsopromisedtobringsomerosesfromtheirgarden.I’mreallylookingforwardtothegathering.SeeyouonFridaythen.W:Seeyou,Jack.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers. B.Roommates. C.Relatives.14.Wheredidthemangettheinformationabouttheflat?A.Ontheblackboard. B.OntheInternet. C.Inthenewspaper.15.Howmanybedroomsarethereintheflat?A.One. B.Two. C.Three.16.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Paytherentfirst. B.Callherthisafternoon. C.Gotoseetheflat.【答案】13.A14.B15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello.CanIhelpyou?M:Oh,hello.Myname’sPaulBlake.I’mringingabouttheflat.W:Oh,yes.Yousawitinthenewspaper,didn’tyou?M:No,IsawitontheInternet.Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheflat?W:Well,there’squiteabigsittingroomandakitchen.Therearetwobedrooms:abigoneandasmallone,andtheyarequitenice.It’saflatupstairs,onthetopfloorofthehouse.Welivedownstairs.M:Uh…Howmuchisitexactly?W:Well,200poundsaweek.M:200pounds?That’stooexpensive.W:Look,whydon’tyoueroundandseetheflat?Thenyoucanmakeupyourmind.It’sbetterthantryingtotalkaboutitoverthephone.M:Yes.MayIseeitnow?Iwanttoseeifthepricematchestheflat.W:Well,it’sabitdifficultformethismorning.I’vegottogoout.M:Howaboutthisafternoon?Ataboutthree?W:OK,Paul.Threewouldbefineforme.M:Right.Seeyouthisafternoon.Bye.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hishobbies. B.Hisweekendplan. C.Hisschooldailyroutine.18.Howlongdomorningclassestake?A.3.5hours. B.4hours. C.4.5hours.19.Whatkindofsportdoesthespeakerliketoplayafterclass?A.Basketball. B.Football. C.Tabletennis.20.Whatdoesthespeakerusuallydobetween10:00pmand10:30pm?A.Hetakesabath. B.Helistenstomusic. C.Hedoeshishomework.【答案】17.C18.A19.A20.B【解析】【原文】M:HereiswhatIdoeverydayonschooldays.AlthoughIambusy,Ienjoyeverydaytothefullest.AsIliveabitfarfrommyschool,Ialwayssetmyalarmo’clockinadvance.I’mwokenupbymyclockat6:00inthemorningandIimmediatelygetup.Ifinishmyshowerat6:45am.Ihavebreakfastbetween7:00amand7:30am.ThenIpackmybagandleaveforschool.Ihaveclassesfrom8:00to11:30inthemorning,andthenIhavelunchatschool.Classesintheafternoonbeginat1:30andfinishat5:30.Afterclass,Iliketodosomesports,suchasplayingbasketballandtennis,forhalfanhour.Aftergettinghome,Ihavesupperaround7:00pm.Iusuallytakeabreakaftersupper.Thenataround8:00pm,Ibegindoingmyhomework.Iusuallyworkonmyhomeworktill10:00pm.Afterthat,Iusuallylistentomusicforhalfanhour.ThenItakeabathandgotobedbefore11:00pm.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AManyfruittreesandbushesareverysimpletoplantusingnoequipmentexceptsomepottingsoilandaheatingequipment.Infact,youcangetahandfulofcuttingsforfreefromafriendduringpruning(修剪)seasonandendupwithawholehomemadefruitfarm.GrapesTheyarethefirsteasyspeciesonmylistbecausetheywillgrowinmostpartsoftheUSandareeasytorootfromhardwoodcuttings.Hardwoodcuttingsarepiecesofoneyearoldwoodtakeninthelatewinterbeforethebudsstarttogrow.FigsTheyarejusteasytoroot,butIputthemsecondonmylistbecausenorthernerswillhaveahardtimekeepingtheplantsalive.Ifyoulivepartywaynorth,youcangrowfigsaslongasyouchooseacoldhardyvariety.RabbiteyeblueberriesTheyareanexampleofanotherkindofselfrootingplant.Afterafewyears,itwillbegintosendupsuckersfromnearthebase.Thesuckersthatareatleastafewinchesawayfromtheparentplantwillgenerallygrowrootsayearafteremerging,atwhichpointyoucandigdownuntilyou’vefoundseveralroots.GooseberriesTheyaresimplebecausetheyjustaboutrootthemselves.Ifyouallow(orforce)onebranchtogrowalongtheground,thencoverpartofthebranchwithrichsoil,rootswillgrowontheunderwaterpart.Cuttheirstemsoffnextyearandyou’llhaveoneormoregooseberryplantstosetoutelsewhere.21.Whatmakesgrapesthefirsteasyspeciesontheauthor’slist?A.Theirhighproduction. B.Theirdeliciousandspecialtaste.C.Theirgreateconomicvalue. D.Theirstrongadaptabilitytogrow.22.Whenwillyougetnewgooseberryplants?A.Aftergrowingalongtheground.B.Beforecoveringpartofthebranch.C.Aftercuttingtheirstemsthenextyear.D.Beforerootsgrowontheunderwaterpart.23.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Science. B.Gardening. C.Fashion. D.Entertainment.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了許多果樹和灌木的種植非常簡單，除了一些盆栽土壤和加熱設(shè)備外，不需要任何設(shè)備。文章介紹了幾種容易種植的果樹?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Grapes中“TheyarethefirsteasyspeciesonmylistbecausetheywillgrowinmostpartsoftheUSandareeasytorootfromhardwoodcuttings.”（它們是我名單上第一個容易種植的物種，因為它們可以在美國大部分地區(qū)生長，而且很容易從硬木插枝上生根。）可知，葡萄成為作者列單上的第一種容易種植的品種是因為它們的生長適應(yīng)性強。故選D項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Gooseberries中“Cuttheirstemsoffnextyearandyou’llhaveoneormoregooseberryplantstosetoutelsewhere.”（明年砍掉它們的莖，你就會有一株或多株醋栗植株在別處生長。）可知，種新的醋栗樹可以選擇在第二年剪掉它們的莖后。故選C項。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Manyfruittreesandbushesareverysimpletoplantusingnoequipmentexceptsomepottingsoilandaheatingequipment.Infact,youcangetahandfulofcuttingsforfreefromafriendduringpruning(修剪)seasonandendupwithawholehomemadefruitfarm.”（許多果樹和灌木的種植非常簡單，除了一些盆栽土壤和加熱設(shè)備外，不需要任何設(shè)備。事實上，在修剪季節(jié)，你可以從朋友那里免費得到一把插枝，這樣你就擁有了一個完整的自制果園。）可推知，這篇文章可以出現(xiàn)在報紙的園藝版面。故選B項。BIntheheartofTexas,“BeeCzar”WalterSchumacherissavingtheworld—onehive(蜂群)atatime.Andhedoesitwithoutwearingaprotectivebeesuit.Whatishistechnique?He“municates”withthebeestoavoidbeingbitten.WalterandhisteamattheAmericanHoneyBeeProtectionAgencyrescuehivesfromplacesthatareunwanted—insidethewallsofahouseor30feetupinaneighborhoodtree,andrelocatethehiveswherethebeescangrowandpollinate(授粉)inpeace.AccordingtoWalter,everythirdbiteoffoodweeatwaspollinatedbybees;withoutthem,lifewouldceaseexisting.Butsavingbeescostsmoney,sotheyhavegottosellhoneytomakemoney.Walter’sbusinessoncewasboomingwith$200,000inyearlysales.Butafterlosingeverythinginthepastthreeyears,Walterwantstorebuildhishoneybusinesssothathecanaffordtorescueunwantedhives.WithhisoldestsonWillandasmallbutdedicatedteam,Walterhasaplantotransformtheiroldfamilyfarmintotheirnewheadquarters,tosavemorebeesandsellmorehoney.Savingbeesisabigaffair.Willrunsthebusiness,tryingtokeephisdadorganized;WalterteacheshisyoungersonsBodhiandOdintheskillsofkeepingbees,andWill’swifeMeredithisexperiencingherfirstbeerescue.WalteralsoinvitesbeetechnicianJonathanwhoseeksinnercalmbyrescuingbeesandscaffolding(腳手架)proSandy,whocanreachangrybeesinplacesladderscan’tanddreamsoftalkingtobeesherself.WalterbringsaudiencesintothehivewhenhetrainsbeekeeperstosafelyhandlemillionsofbeesWillplanstosignbigcontractssellinghoneytobusinesseslikerestaurantsandsupermarkets,meanwhileundertakingdangeroushiverescues.24.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeWalter’sworkofrescuingbees?A.Interesting. B.Tough. C.Tiring. D.Simple.25.WhatdoesWalterthinkofbees?A.Theyareimportanttous. B.Theyarenotindanger.C.Theycan’tgrowinpeace. D.Theycanbitemanypeople.26.WhatisWalter’spresentplan?A.Tofindmorehives. B.Toexpandhisteam.C.Torebuildhisbusiness. D.Totrainmorebeeraisers.27.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.WhyWalterstartedthebigaffair.B.WhatWalter’sfamilydotosavebees.C.WhetherWalterstickstohisbusiness.D.HowWalterteacheshissonstokeepbees.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。講述了Walter及其家人為拯救蜜蜂而做出的努力。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WalterandhisteamattheAmericanHoneyBeeProtectionAgencyrescuehivesfromplacesthatareunwanted—insidethewallsofahouseor30feetupinaneighborhoodtree,andrelocatethehiveswherethebeescangrowandpollinate(授粉)inpeace.”（Walter和他的團隊總是在一些不太受歡迎的地方(如房屋的墻壁里或者鄰居家的樹上)拯救蜜蜂）推知，他的工作是艱難的。故選B項。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoWalter,everythirdbiteoffoodweeatwaspollinatedbybees;withoutthem,lifewouldceaseexisting.”（根據(jù)沃爾特的說法，我們吃的食物中有三分之一是由蜜蜂授粉的；沒有它們，生命將不復(fù)存在）推知，Walter覺得蜜蜂是重要的。故選A項?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Butafterlosingeverythinginthepastthreeyears,Walterwantstorebuildhishoneybusinesssothathecanaffordtorescueunwantedhives.”（但在過去三年里失去了一切之后，沃爾特想重建他的蜂蜜業(yè)務(wù)，這樣他就有能力拯救不需要的蜂箱）可知，Walter想重建他的蜂蜜生意,以便拯救更多的蜜蜂。故選C項?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。最后一段“Savingbeesisabigaffair.Willrunsthebusiness,tryingtokeephisdadorganized;WalterteacheshisyoungersonsBodhiandOdintheskillsofkeepingbees,andWill’swifeMeredithisexperiencingherfirstbeerescue.WalteralsoinvitesbeetechnicianJonathanwhoseeksinnercalmbyrescuingbeesandscaffolding(腳手架)proSandy,whocanreachangrybeesinplacesladderscan'tanddreamsoftalkingtobeesherself.”（拯救蜜蜂是一件大事。威爾經(jīng)營著生意，試圖讓他的父親井井有條；沃爾特教他的小兒子菩提和奧丁養(yǎng)蜂的技能，威爾的妻子梅雷迪思正在經(jīng)歷她的第一次蜜蜂救援。沃爾特還邀請了蜜蜂技術(shù)人員喬納森，他通過拯救蜜蜂和腳手架專業(yè)人士桑迪來尋求內(nèi)心的平靜，桑迪可以在梯子無法到達的地方到達憤怒的蜜蜂，并夢想著自己與蜜蜂交談）可知，本段主要講述了Walter及其家人為拯救蜜蜂而做出的努力。故選B項。CMapreading,growingfruitandvegetableandbasiccarservicearealsomoremonskillsamongthebabyboomergeneration.Butaccordingtoanewsurvey,justoneinthree18to25yearoldsareabletodobasicDIY,paredtotwothirdsofthoseaged58andover.SarahClarkeKuehn,ChiefOperatingOfficermercial,said,“Thesurveyfindingsaresointerestingastheyhighlightaverymonincorrectconceptionrelatedto‘gettingold’.”Whenaskedatwhatagetheythoughtdevelopingnewskillsbees“difficult”,GenZrespondentssaidtheywere35yearsold,whilethoseagedover58believedthisnumberwas63yearsold.Thebeliefisthatthereisaboundarybetweenlearningnewskillsandgettingasenseofachievement.Butweknowthatthisisjustnotthecase.Thebenefitsincontinuingtoenjoylife,aswellasdevelopingnewtalentsareverysignificant—bothphysicallyandmentallyaswegrowolder.Neuroscientistandauthor,DrJuliaJones,said,“Weunderestimateourbrain’sabilitytocontinuelearning.Ourbrainisthemostplexandprecisestructureintheknownuniversebutweonlyuseasmallpartofitstruepotentialthroughoutourlifetimes.Toboostcontinuedbrainhealth,weshouldlearnplexandnovelskillsatallages.Thisbeesmoreimportantasweage,becausetheselearningexperienceshelptobuildnewconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)細胞)thatmaintainintelligenceandreducetheriskoffuturebraindecline.”“Learninglanguagesandmusicalinstrumentsarebelievedtobeeffectiveatboostingneuroplasticity(神經(jīng)可塑性)duetotheirplexnature,butalllearningisbeneficialandcanbringasenseofachievement,purposeandsocialengagement.”DrJonesadded.“Findanewhobbyandthrowyourselfintoawonderfullearningexperienceorpickupanoldpastimeandimprovethoseskills.I’mcurrentlylearningtoplaytheguitarandit’sopenedupawholenewworldofmusicandfun.”28.Whatismentionedabouttheyounggenerationinthetext?A.TheyloseinterestinDIY.B.Theyhavenoideainplants.C.Manyofthemlacksomebasicskills.D.Manyofthemownpoorreadingskills.29.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph3?A.Learningbringsasenseofbelonging.B.Itisnevertoolatetolearninone’slife.C.Itisnecessarytoshowoffone’stalents.D.Thebenefitsoflifelonglearningaretemporary.30.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thesignificanceofknowingthestructureofthebrain.B.Thedifficultiesinimprovingtheabilityofthebrain.C.Thereasonsfortakingfulladvantageofthebrain.D.Theprocessofprotectingthebrainfromrisk.31.WhatisDrJones’attitudetolearningmusicalinstruments?A.Favorable. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】28.C29.B30.C31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要隨著年齡的增長，繼續(xù)享受生活以及發(fā)展新的才能的好處是非常重要的——無論是身體上還是精神上?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Mapreading,growingfruitandvegetableandbasiccarservicearealsomoremonskillsamongthebabyboomergeneration.Butaccordingtoanewsurvey,justoneinthree18to25yearoldsareabletodobasicDIY,paredtotwothirdsofthoseaged58andover.(閱讀地圖、種植水果和蔬菜以及基本的汽車服務(wù)也是嬰兒潮一代更常見的技能。但根據(jù)一項新的調(diào)查，只有三分之一的18至25歲的人能夠做基本的DIY，而58歲及以上的人中這一比例為三分之二。)”可知，年輕一代人很多人不會閱讀地圖、種植水果和蔬菜以及基本的汽車服務(wù)這些基本技能。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Whenaskedatwhatagetheythoughtdevelopingnewskillsbees“difficult”,GenZrespondentssaidtheywere35yearsold,whilethoseagedover58believedthisnumberwas63yearsold.(當被問及他們認為在什么年齡發(fā)展新技能變得“困難”時，Z世代受訪者表示他們35歲，而58歲以上的人則認為這個數(shù)字是63歲。)”以及“Thebenefitsincontinuingtoenjoylife,aswellasdevelopingnewtalentsareverysignificant—bothphysicallyandmentallyaswegrowolder.(隨著年齡的增長，繼續(xù)享受生活以及培養(yǎng)新才能的好處在身體和精神上都非常重要。)”可知，人們認為人的一生學習永遠不會太遲，總要培養(yǎng)新才能。故選B?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第四段“Neuroscientistandauthor,DrJuliaJones,said,“Weunderestimateourbrain’sabilitytocontinuelearning.Ourbrainisthemostplexandprecisestructureintheknownuniversebutweonlyuseasmallpartofitstruepotentialthroughoutourlifetimes.Toboostcontinuedbrainhealth,weshouldlearnplexandnovelskillsatallages.Thisbeesmoreimportantasweage,becausetheselearningexperienceshelptobuildnewconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)細胞)thatmaintainintelligenceandreducetheriskoffuturebraindecline.”(神經(jīng)科學家兼作家JuliaJones博士說：“我們低估了我們大腦繼續(xù)學習的能力。我們的大腦是已知宇宙中最復(fù)雜、最精確的結(jié)構(gòu)，但我們一生只使用了它真正潛力的一小部分。為了促進大腦的持續(xù)健康，我們應(yīng)該在各個年齡段學習復(fù)雜而新穎的技能。隨著年齡的增長，這一點變得越來越重要，因為這些學習經(jīng)驗有助于建立新的認知能力。”神經(jīng)元之間的相互作用，維持智力并降低未來大腦衰退的風險?！?”可知，充分利用大腦有很多好處，這一段對此利用大腦的原因進行了解釋。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第最后一段中“I’mcurrentlylearningtoplaytheguitarandit’sopenedupawholenewworldofmusicandfun.”(我目前正在學習彈吉他，這打開了一個全新的音樂和樂趣世界?！?”可知，瓊斯博士認為學習樂器很有好處，可見，瓊斯博士對此是贊許的。故選A。DBiologistswhostudyevolution(進化)havealwaysbeeninterestedinanimalsthatdevelopedonislands.Insomesituations,animalsonislandschangedovertimeandcametolookverydifferentfromthesamespeciesthatlivedonthemainland.TheexpertspointtoanimalssuchasthedwarfelephantthatoncelivedontheMediterraneanislandofCyprus.Theanimalisnowextinct.Whenitlived,however,itwasonlythesizeofasmallhorse.ElephantsthatlivetodayinAfricaandAsiaaremuchlargerthanthat.IntheWestIndies,researchersfoundagiantrodent(嚙齒動物)thatlookedlikearat.However,itwasaboutthesamesizeasanAmericanblackbear.Ratsare,ofcourse,manytimessmallerthanbears.Evolutionaryexpertscametocallthisphenomenon“islandeffect”.Theyusedthistermtodescribethefactthatanimalswhonormallyhavesmallbodies“upsize”onanisland,whiletheoppositeistrueforanimalswhousuallyhavelargebodies.The“islandeffect”producesstrangesizedanimalsbecauselargeanimalsrequiremorefoodthansmallanimals.Onanisland,thereisalimitedamountoffood.Asaresult,largeranimalsbeesmallerovergenerationsinordertosurvivewithlowerfoodintake.Forsmallanimals,thereisnotasmuchriskfrompredatorsonanisland,sotheyoftengrowlarger.Recently,researchersreleasedtheirfindingsabout1,231existinganimalsand350extinctonesthatrepresent23millionyearsoflife.Theyfoundthatanimalsonislandsweremoreatriskofextinctionparedtotheirrelativesonthemainland.Thearrivalofhumansettlersincreasedtheextinctionriskforthesestrangeanimals.RobertoRozzi,apaleoecologistatMartinLutherUniversityHalleWittenberginGermanysaidthattheextinctionlinehasbeeevensharperinrecentdecades.Theresearcherscalltheislands“biodiversityhotspots”.Eventhoughtheyonlymakeup7percentoftheEarth’slandmass,theyaccountfor20percentofthelandspecies.32.Whyaretheanimalsintroducedinparagraph2?A.Toparethetwospecies. B.Toleadinthe“islandeffect”.C.Toshowtwokindsofrareanimals. D.Tostressthechangeofsurroundings.33.Whatdoes“theopposite”refertoinparagraph3?A.Animalsofnormalsmallbodies“upsize”onanisland.B.Animalsofnormalsmallbodies“downsize”onanisland.C.Animalsofnormallargesizehavesmallbodiesonanisland.D.Animalsofnormallargesizehavelargerbodiesonanisland.34.Whichofthefollowingdoesthe“islandeffect”agreewith?ASomethingsneverchange. B.Thegainoutweighstheloss.C.Humansliveinharmonywithnature. D.Thefittestanimalssurviveinnaturalselection.35.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheHistoryofUniqueIslandAnimals B.TheBenefitsofSavingIslandAnimalsC.UniqueIslandAnimalsatGreaterChanges D.BiologicalDiversityThreatenedbyHumans【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自然界的一種“島嶼效應(yīng)”，指在某些情況下，島嶼上的動物隨著時間的推移而發(fā)生變化，看起來與生活在大陸上的同一物種非常不同。解釋了這種效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因以及給人們的啟示?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheexpertspointtoanimalssuchasthedwarfelephantthatoncelivedontheMediterraneanislandofCyprus.Theanimalisnowextinct.Whenitlived,however,itwasonlythesizeofasmallhorse.ElephantsthatlivetodayinAfricaandAsiaaremuchlargerthanthat.IntheWestIndies,researchersfoundagiantrodent(嚙齒動物)thatlookedlikearat.However,itwasaboutthesamesizeasanAmericanblackbear.Ratsare,ofcourse,manytimessmallerthanbears.(專家們指出，曾經(jīng)生活在地中海塞浦路斯島上的侏儒象等動物。這種動物現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)滅絕了。然而，當它活著的時候，它只有一匹小馬那么大。今天生活在非洲和亞洲的大象比那要大得多。在西印度群島，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種看起來像老鼠的巨型嚙齒動物。然而，它和美國黑熊差不多大。當然，老鼠比熊小很多倍)”以及第三段“Evolutionaryexpertscametocallthisphenomenon“islandeffect”.(進化專家稱這種現(xiàn)象為“島嶼效應(yīng)”)”可推知，在第二段中介紹動物是為了引入“島嶼效應(yīng)”。故選B?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theyusedthistermtodescribethefactthatanimalswhonormallyhavesmallbodies“upsize”onanisland”可知，進化專家用這個詞來描述這樣一個事實，即通常身體小的動物在島上“變大”，while表示前后的對比，說明身體大的動物則身體變小。第3段中的“theopposite”指的是島上正常體型大的動物身體小。故選C。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“The“islandeffect”producesstrangesizedanimalsbecauselargeanimalsrequiremorefoodthansmallanimals.Onanisland,thereisalimitedamountoffood.Asaresult,largeranimalsbeesmallerovergenerationsinordertosurvivewithlowerfoodintake.Forsmallanimals,thereisnotasmuchriskfrompredatorsonanisland,sotheyoftengrowlarger.(“島嶼效應(yīng)”產(chǎn)生了體型奇怪的動物，因為大型動物比小型動物需要更多的食物。在島上，食物是有限的。結(jié)果，大型動物一代一代變小，以減少食物攝取量。對于小動物來說，在島上沒有那么大的危險，所以它們通常會長得更大)”可知，在自然選擇中適者生存與“島嶼效應(yīng)”一致。故選D。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Biologistswhostudyevolution(進化)havealwaysbeeninterestedinanimalsthatdevelopedonislands.Insomesituations,animalsonislandschangedovertimeandcametolookverydifferentfromthesamespeciesthatlivedonthemainland.(研究進化的生物學家一直對在島嶼上進化的動物很感興趣。在某些情況下，島嶼上的動物隨著時間的推移而發(fā)生變化，看起來與生活在大陸上的同一物種非常不同)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了自然界的一種“島嶼效應(yīng)”，指在某些情況下，島嶼上的動物隨著時間的推移而發(fā)生變化，看起來與生活在大陸上的同一物種非常不同。解釋了這種效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因以及給人們的啟示。可推知，C選項“變化巨大的獨特島嶼動物”最符合文章標題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TipsforRunningintheMorningTherearesomanygreatreasonstoruninthemorning.____36____.Thisisnottosuggestthatgettingintothehabitiseasy,especiallyifyou’renotamorningperson.Buttherearewaystoeaseyouintotheroutineandinwaysyoumayevenenjoy.◆TeachyourselfgoodsleephabitsBuildingamorningrunninghabitstartswithagoodnight’ssleep.AccordingtotheAmericanSleepAssociation,youcantrainyourselftosleepatanearlierhourifyou:Plantogotosleepatthesametimeeverynight.AvoidTV,reading,orelectronicdevicesanhourbeforebedtime.____37____.Haveanightlyroutine,suchasawarmbathorlisteningtocalmingmusic.◆____38____It’shardtoblowoffarunwhenyou’realreadydressedforit.Ifyoureallywanttogetajumpstartandfindmotivationassoonasyouopenyoureyes,simplywearyourrunningclothestobed.◆PutyouralarmclockoutofreachWhenyouralarmclockgoesoffearlyinthemorning,youmaywanttogetacoupleofmoreminutes’sleep.Ifyou’restrugglingtogetup,placethealarmclockacrosstheroomsothatyouhavetogetoutofbedtoturnitoff.___39___.◆Eatsmart____40____.Afteralongnight’ssleep,youhavelittletodrawuponinthewayofenergy.Ifyouheadoutthedoorhavingeatennothingatall,youwilllikelyexperiencetiredness,musclepain,shortnessofbreath,andweakness.Worstyet,youmayconvinceyourselfthatyou’re“notmadeformorningruns”,when,infact,you’renotfeedingyourselfproperly.A.SleepinyourrunningclothesB.ThenyouarelesslikelytofallbackasleepCItisnevergoodtorunonanemptystomachD.ItisveryimportanttokeepfitandstayhealthyE.AvoidsufferingfromhealthproblemsindailylifeF.AvoidcoffeeoralcoholthreehoursbeforebedtimeG.It’sagreatwaytowakeupandwatchtheworldawakenwithyou【答案】36.G37.F38.A39.B40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾個晨跑的小建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Therearesomanygreatreasonstoruninthemorning.(早上跑步有很多很好的理由。)”可知，此處指出晨跑的好處，后文應(yīng)該指出具體的好處。G選項“It’sagreatwaytowakeupandwatchtheworldawakenwithyou(這是一個很好的醒來方式，看著世界和你一起醒來)”承接前文，符合語境。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Teachyourselfgoodsleephabits(養(yǎng)成良好的睡眠習慣)”可知，此處指出的是養(yǎng)成良好睡眠習慣的幾個小建議。F選項“Avoidcoffeeoralcoholthreehoursbeforebedtime(睡前三小時不要喝咖啡或酒精)”與前文構(gòu)成并列，即為養(yǎng)成良好睡眠習慣的建議。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Ifyoureallywanttogetajumpstartandfindmotivationassoonasyouopenyoureyes,simplywearyourrunningclothestobed.(如果你真的想一睜眼就開始跑步，找到動力，那就穿上跑步服上床睡覺吧。)”可知，此處指出的是穿著跑步服上床睡覺可以讓你有跑步的動力。A選項“Sleepinyourrunningclothes(穿著跑步服睡覺)”指出“穿著跑步服睡覺”引起下文。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Ifyou’restrugglingtogetup,placethealarmclockacrosstheroomsothatyouhavetogetoutofbedtoturnitoff.(如果你掙扎著起床，把鬧鐘放在房間的另一邊，這樣你就必須起床才能關(guān)掉它。)”可知，此處指出掙扎著起床，把鬧鐘放在房間的另一邊，這樣你就必須起床才能關(guān)掉它，后文應(yīng)該承接的是由此帶來的后果。B選項“Thenyouarelesslikelytofallbackasleep(這樣你就不太可能再睡著了。)”承接前文，指出鬧鐘放在房間的另一邊，這樣你就必須起床才能關(guān)掉它，由此就不太可能再睡著了。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段