動詞的語態(tài)英語基礎(chǔ)語法知識點匯總

動詞的語態(tài)英語基礎(chǔ)語法知識點匯總動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài);主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。若賓語補足語是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞。feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.2)情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.琴聲悠悠550字1let的用法1)當(dāng)let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞，變被動語態(tài)時，可用不帶to的不定式。Theyletthestrangego.--->Thestrangewasletgo.若let后賓補較長時，let通常不用被動語態(tài)，而用allow或permit代替。Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.短動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore..表示"據(jù)說"或"相信"的詞組believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandItissaidthat…據(jù)說Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家認為Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議Itistakengrantedthat…被視為當(dāng)然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家決定Itmustberememberthat…務(wù)必記住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.4不用被動語態(tài)的情況不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞;raise,seat是及物動詞。(錯)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(對)Thepricehasrisen.(錯)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(錯)Thepricehasraised.(對)Thepricehasbeenraised.(錯)Pleaseseat.(對)Pleasebeseated.要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.系動詞無被動語態(tài)：帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.當(dāng)賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。(對)Shelikestoswim.(錯)Toswimislikedbyher.主動形式表示被動意義1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…Thebooksellswell.這本書銷路好。Thisknifecutseasily.這刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,buildIwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.在need,require,want,worth(形容詞),deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning.這房間應(yīng)該打掃一下。Thisbookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：makesb.heard/understood(使別人能聽見/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。被動形式表示主動意義bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarriesHeisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他于一所有名的大學(xué)。注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。Hemarriedarichgirl.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.need/want/require/worth注意：當(dāng)need,want,require,worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要沖洗。Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。典型例題Thelibraryneeds,butit'llhave