Python程序設(shè)計岑遠紅課后參考答案

Python程序設(shè)計自我檢測題參考答案項目一初識Python程序一、選擇題1-5BCDAD二、填空題1.https://www.P/2.打印輸出3.開發(fā)版社區(qū)版4.Ctrl+Shift+F105.Pycharm、IDLE等三、閱讀程序，寫出程序的運行結(jié)果name=input("請輸入你的姓名：")age=input("請輸入你的年齡：")print("大家好，我叫",name,"今年",age,"歲")輸出結(jié)果：請輸入你的姓名：張三請輸入你的年齡：18大家好，我叫張三今年18歲四、編寫程序1.print("*")print("***")print("*****")print("***")print("*")2.print("*")print("***")print("*****")print("***")print("*")項目二操作基本類型數(shù)據(jù)一、選擇題1-5DDBDB6-9CBBD二、填空題1.type()2.%3.整型、實型4.5235.round()6.7.2529//47.28.="helloPython"9."a234b123c"10."123123123"三、閱讀程序，寫出程序的運行結(jié)果1.welcometoPythonandPythonisfun2.hloPtonhyle四、編寫程序1.F=float(input("請輸入華氏溫度:\n"))C=5/9*(F-32)print(f"相應(yīng)的攝氏溫度為{C:.1f}度")2.n=int(input("請輸入一個四位正整數(shù):\n"))a,b,c,d=n//1000,n//100%10,n//10%10,n%10print(f"{n}的各位數(shù)字之和為{a+b+c+d}")3.s="Python"print(s[1::2])項目三控制程序執(zhí)行流程一、選擇題1-5ABBCD6-8DCB二、填空題1.for循環(huán)while循環(huán)2.breakcontinue3.continuebreak4.會5.random.random()*5三、閱讀程序，寫出程序的運行結(jié)果1.和為62.*************************3.redappleredbananabigapplebigbananatastyappletastybanana4.1247810四、編寫程序1.c=input("請輸入一個字符:\n")ifc.isupper():print(f"{c}是大寫字母")elifc.islower():print(f"{c}是小寫字母")elifc.isdigit():print(f"{c}是數(shù)字字符")else:print(f"{c}是其他字符")2.n=int(input("請輸入一個正整數(shù):\n"))s=0foriinrange(n,0,-2):print(i)s+=1/iprint(s)3.foriinrange(5,0,-1):print("*"*i)4.n=int(input("請輸入一個正整數(shù):\n"))f=Trueforjinrange(2,n//2+1):ifn%j==0:f=False;breakiff:print(f"{n}是質(zhì)數(shù)")else:print(f"{n}不是質(zhì)數(shù)")項目四操作組合類型數(shù)據(jù)一、選擇題1-5CADCB6-10ABA(選項更正為ifa[::]==a[::-1])AA二、填空題1.[aforainrange(10,101)ifa%3==0]2.元組3.項鍵值4.項無序且不重復(fù)5.a^b6.[0,1,8,27,64]7.num.split(",")8.[3,7,7]9.['茶藝','舞蹈','繪畫']10.{3,5}三、閱讀程序，寫出程序的運行結(jié)果1.9F2.lijuan四、編寫程序1.arr=[3,8,7,2,11,5]n=len(arr)res=sorted(arr)res=[(res[i-1],res[i])foriinrange(1,n)]m=min(s[1]-s[0]forsinres)foriinres:ifi[1]-i[0]==m:print(i)2.s=input("請輸入一個整數(shù):\n")n=len(s)t=s[::-1]res=[t[i:i+3]foriinrange(0,n,3)]print(",".join(res)[::-1])項目五使用函數(shù)實施模塊化程序設(shè)計一、選擇題1-3CAD4①C②A5①C②A二、填空題1.實際參數(shù)(或簡稱實參)2.位置參數(shù)關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)3.局部函數(shù)4.遞歸函數(shù)5.名稱三、閱讀程序，寫出程序的運行結(jié)果1.282.[1,3,5,7]3.[1,2]四、編寫程序1.defreverse(lst):returnlst[::-1]if__name__=="__main__":s=input("請輸入字符串:\n")print(reverse(s))2.defonly(s):forcins:ifs.count(c)==1:returncif__name__=="__main__":s=input("請輸入字符串:\n")print(only(s))3.defWordNum(s):w=s.split()d={}foriinw:ifiind:d[i]+=1else:d[i]=1returndif__name__=="__main__":s=input("請輸入字符串:\n")print(WordNum(s))項目六應(yīng)用面向?qū)ο笏枷朐O(shè)計程序一、選擇題1-5DDACD二、填空題1.classboss(employee):2.方法def2.將類的方法指定為屬性將方法指定為name屬性的修改器3.類名.方法名(實際參數(shù))4.初始化類對象三、閱讀程序，寫出程序運行結(jié)果973355292325537.69911184307752四、編寫程序1.classStudent:def__init__(self,sno,name,sex,clsname):self.sno=snoself.__name=nameself.sex=sexself.clsname=clsnamedefshow(self):print(f"{self.sno:^10s}{self.__name:^5s}{self.sex:^3s}{self.clsname:^20s}")classStudent_Grade(Student):def__init__(self,sno,name,sex,clsname):super().__init__(sno,name,sex,clsname)self.__grade={}defAddGrade(self,course,grade):self.__grade[course]=gradedefAverage(self):iflen(self.__grade)==0:return0returnsum(self.__grade.values())/len(self.__grade.values())if__name__=="__main__":s=input("請輸入成績，格式為：課程名稱成績，直接換行結(jié)束輸入:\n")stu=Student_Grade("0001","張三","男","2020級大數(shù)據(jù)1班")whileTrue:data=s.split()iflen(data)!=2:print("輸入結(jié)束\n");breaktry:grade=float(data[1])except:print("成績格式錯\n");breakstu.AddGrade(data[0],grade)s=input("請輸入成績，格式為：課程名稱成績，直接換行結(jié)束輸入:\n")print("平均分",stu.Average())2.fromdatetimeimportdateclassMonthError(Exception):def__str__(self):return'月份錯誤'classDayError(Exception):def__str__(self):return'日期錯誤'classDateFormatError(Exception):def__str__(self):return'日期格式錯誤'classMyDate3:@staticmethoddefstr2date(sdate):try:year,month,day=[int(d)fordinsdate.split("/")]except:raiseDateFormatErrordnums=[0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31]ifnot1<=month<=12:raiseMonthErrorelse:ifyear%400==0oryear%100!=0andyear%4==0:dnums[2]+=1ifnot1<=day<=dnums[month]:raiseDayErrorreturndate(year,month,day)if__name__=="__main__":s=input("請輸入日期(yyyy/mm/dd):\n")try:date=MyDate3.str2date(s)exceptExceptionase:print(e)else:print(date)項目七操作文件一、選擇題1-5BABAB6-10BCCBA二、填空題1.os.path.isdir("d:\\a")2.os.makedirs(r"D:\a\b\c")3.os.listdir(r"D:\a")4.os.path.join(r"D:\a\b\c","d.xlsx")5.('D:\\a\\b\\c和文件名d','.xlsx')6.rmtree("D:\\a")7.copytree("D:\\a","D:\\d")8.withopen("D:\\a.json","w")asf:json.dump(列表名稱,f)9.load_workbook(f"d:\\a.xlsx")["sheet1"]10.withopen("D:\\a.pkl","wb")asf:pickle.dump([1,2,3,4],f)三、編寫程序1.importosfromshutilimportcopytreeforiinrange(1,11):os.makedirs("D:\\自己的姓名\\"+str(i))copytree("d:\\自己的姓名","c:\\自己的姓名")2.importosfromopenpyxlimportWorkbookfiles=os.listdir("C:\\windows")wb=Workbook()sheet=wb.create_sheet("windows")i=1forfinfiles:sheet.cell(i,1).value=fi+=1wb.active=1wb.save("d:\\files.xlsx")#有些系統(tǒng)限制存到C盤項目八使用進程和線程并行執(zhí)行一、填空題1.requests.get(url)2.元素后代3.當前節(jié)點4.選擇body元素下class屬性值為main的div元素5.tree.xpath(‘//td[@class=”sname”]’)6.是被調(diào)用函數(shù)被調(diào)用函數(shù)的參數(shù)構(gòu)成的列表item_list7.t.start()8.p.join()9.邏輯CPU數(shù)量二、簡答題1.所有任務(wù)排成一列依次執(zhí)行的方式稱為串行。多個程序任務(wù)同時執(zhí)行的方式稱為并行。兩者的區(qū)別在于同時執(zhí)行的任務(wù)數(shù)量，串行同一時刻只有一個任務(wù)在執(zhí)行，并行同一時刻有多個任務(wù)在執(zhí)行。2.Python中的多個線程其實是交替在CPU上執(zhí)行的，適用于IO密集型任務(wù)，即輸入輸出操作多的程序，多個線程并發(fā)執(zhí)行能讓計算和輸入輸出操作同時執(zhí)行，進而提高運行速度。多進程并行執(zhí)行是多個進程同時在多核CPU上運行，是真正的同時運行，適用于計算密集型程序。3.在主進程中依次調(diào)用子進程對象的join()方法可以等待所有子進程執(zhí)行結(jié)束。4.在Python中使用進程間的同步機制，如鎖、隊列和管道等控制進程的執(zhí)行順序。三、編程題1.fromlxmlimportetreeimportrequestsfroma5_3_2檢測函數(shù)運行時間importtimeitdeftoFloat(s):base=10000ifs.find('萬')>=0else1s=s.replace('萬','').replace(',','')try:returnfloat(s)*baseexcept:return0defget_inventory(company_code):content=requests.get(f'/share,{company_code},zcfzb.shtml').contenttree=etree.HTML(content)company_name=tree.xpath('//div[@class="sname"]/h3/a/text()')[0]inventory=toFloat(tree.xpath("http://td[contains(text(),'存貨')]/following-sibling::td[1]")[0].text)return[company_code,company_name,inventory]@timeit(1)defget_all(stock_list):returnsorted([get_inventory(company_code)forcompany_codeinstock_list],key=lambdaa:a[2],reverse=True)if__name__=="__main__":res=get_all(['300505','300477','300958','300779','300354','300079','300899','300193','300317','300568','300480','300212','300445','300367','300769','300422','300278','300103','300438','300543'])print(f"{'代碼':^10s}{'名稱':^10s}{'存貨':^20s}")forsinres:print("{s[0]:^10s}{s[1]:{ch}^10s}{s[2]:<20.2f}".format(s=s,ch=chr(12288)))2.frommultiprocessingimportPool,cpu_countdefIsPrime(num):forjinrange(2,int(num**0.5)+1):ifnum%j==0:return0returnnumif__name__=="__main__":withPool(cpu_count())aspool:res=pool.map(IsPrime,range(2,10000))print([iforiinresifi!=0])項目九訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫一、選擇題1-5DCBAD二、填空題1.excecute2.字段3.insert4.delete三、編寫程序1.importsqlite3con=sqlite3.connect('students.db')cur=con.cursor()cur.execute('''CREATETABLEstudents_Infor(idintegerprimarykey,nametext,sextext,ageinteger)''')cur.execute('''CREATETABLEcourse(idintegerprimarykey,course_nametext)''')cur.execute('''CREATETABLEgrade(stud_idinteger,course_idinteger,gradereal,primarykey(stud_id,course_id))''')mit()con.close()2.importsqlite3con=sqlite3.connect('students.db')cur=con.cursor()cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(1,'張三','男',15)")cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(2,'李四','女',15)")cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(3,'王五','男',15)")cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(4,'韓六','女',15)")cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(5,'趙七','男',15)")cur.execute("insertintocoursevalues(1,'語文'),(2,'數(shù)學(xué)'),(3,'英語'),(4,'Python'),(5,'Pandas')")mit()con.close()3.importsqlite3con=sqlite3.connect('students.db')cur=con.cursor()cur.execute("deletefromstudents_inforwheresex='男'")mit()con.close()項目十使用正則表達式處理文字一、選擇題1-5BCADB二、填空題1."[1-9]\d{4,10}"2.正前瞻負前瞻正回顧負回顧3."[\u4e00-\u9fa5][A-Z][A-Z0-9]{5}"4."\d{3}-\d{8}"5.數(shù)字非數(shù)字單詞字符非單詞字符三、閱讀程序，寫出程序運行結(jié)果1.matchObj.group():Onaverage,EuropeansaretallerthanAsiansmatchObj.group(1):Onaverage,EuropeansmatchObj.group(2):taller2.電話號碼話號