建筑環(huán)境與設備工程專業(yè)英語課件Lession03

建筑環(huán)境與設備工程專業(yè)英語課件Lession03Lesson03:IntroductiontoBuildingMaterialsandConstructionTechniques

I.IntroductiontoBuildingMaterials

A.Definition:

-Buildingmaterialsaresubstancesusedfortheconstructionofbuildings,bridges,roads,andotherstructures.

-Theycanbenaturalsubstances,suchaswood,clay,andstone,ormanufacturedproducts,suchasconcrete,steel,andglass.

B.ClassificationofBuildingMaterials:

1.NaturalBuildingMaterials:

-Wood:commonlyusedforstructuralcomponents,suchasbeams,columns,andflooring.

-Stone:usedforfoundations,walls,anddecorativeelements.

-Clay:usedforbricks,tiles,andplaster.

2.ManufacturedBuildingMaterials:

-Concrete:amixtureofcement,sand,gravel,andwater;usedforfoundations,walls,andfloors.

-Steel:usedforstructuralframes,columns,andreinforcement.

-Glass:usedforwindows,doors,andfacades.

-Plastics:usedforinsulation,pipes,andfittings.

-CompositeMaterials:mixturesoftwoormorematerials,suchasfiberglassandcarbonfibercomposites.

C.FactorsConsideredinSelectingBuildingMaterials:

1.StrengthandDurability:materialsshouldbeabletowithstandloads,weathering,andotherenvironmentalfactors.

2.ThermalProperties:materialsshouldhavegoodinsulationpropertiestoreduceenergyconsumptionforheatingandcooling.

3.FireResistance:materialsshouldbefire-retardantorhaveappropriatefireratingstoensuresafety.

4.Cost:materialsshouldbecost-effectiveandwithintheprojectbudget.

5.AestheticAppeal:materialsshouldbevisuallypleasingandcompatiblewiththedesiredarchitecturalstyle.

6.Availability:materialsshouldbereadilyavailableinthelocalmarkettominimizeprocurementdelays.

7.Sustainability:materialsshouldbeeco-friendly,recyclable,andlowinembodiedenergy.

II.ConstructionTechniques

A.Foundations:

-Thebasestructurethatsupportstheweightofabuildingandtransmitsittotheground.

-Commontypes:shallowfoundations(stripfootings,padfootings)anddeepfoundations(pilefoundations,caissons).

B.Framing:

-Thestructuralsystemthatsupportsthebuilding'sfloors,walls,androof.

-Commontypes:timberframing,steelframing,reinforcedconcreteframing.

C.Walls:

-Theverticalelementsthatencloseandseparatethespaceswithinabuilding.

-Commontypes:load-bearingwalls,framewalls,curtainwalls.

D.Roofing:

-Thecoveringoverabuilding'sroofstructurethatprotectsitfromweatherelements.

-Commontypes:slopingroofs(pitchedroofs,gableroofs)andflatroofs.

E.FlooringandFinishing:

-Thematerialsandtechniquesusedtofinishandenhancetheappearanceandfunctionalityofinteriorspaces.

-Commontypes:hardwoodflooring,ceramictiles,carpets,paints.

III.Conclusion

-Buildingmaterialsandconstructiontechniquesareessentialforthesuccessfulcompletionofanyconstructionproject.

-Theselect