高級英語第一冊Unit3-Ships-in-the-Desert

Unit3ofAdvancedEnglishShipsintheDesertGeneralideaofthetext:Intheessay,theauthorpresentstoreadersplentyofimagesofenvironmentalcrisiswhicharecommonlyseeninallpartsoftheglobe.Thesecrises,someofwhichmightthreatenanation’ssurvival,suchastheincreaseofchorine,globalwarming,etc.,candemonstrateaviolentcollisionbetweennatureandhumanbeings.Therefore,achangeinman’sthinking,inman’sconceptontherelationshipbetweennatureandhumanbeings,isthemostimportantthing.

Part1(Para1-5)

Questionsoncomprehension:

Whatarethethreegeographicallocationsmentionedinthispart?WhatarethescientistsdoinginAntarcticOcean?Whathavetheyverified?Whydoesthewriterespeciallymentionhisvisitbysubmarine?AccordingtoPara.3,whatisthemaincauseofthesignificantchangeintheearth’satmosphere?Howdisastrouswilltheconsequencesofathinningcapbe?Whatisthemainideaofthepartandhowareallparagraphsrelatedhere?l.Iwasstanding...onagoodday1)inthesun:inthesunlight,asopposedtointheshade2)capableof:havingtheabilityof3)toprocess:topreparebyaspecialmethod4)catch:theamountcaught5)onagoodday:goodheremeanssatisfying6)capableofprocessingafifty-toncatchonaedday:havingtheabilityofcleaningandpreparingformarketingorcanning50tonsoffishcaughtonaproductiveday2.Butitwasn'tagoodday.l)ItreferstothedayIwasthere.3.theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleakl)bleak:notpromisingorhopeful2)itwasnotatallpossibletohaveagoodcatch,tocatchalargeamountoffish3)Thisisobvious1yanunderstatementbecausewithsandallaroundtherewasnochanceofcatchingfish,tosaynothingofcatchingalotoffish.

4.Wherethereshouldhavebeen….Therewas….

l)Payattentiontothestructure.Theimplicationisthatoncethereweregent1ewaveslappingagainstthesideoftheship";'buttherewerenonenow.Instead,intheplaceofthewavestherewasstretchesofsand.2)lap:tostrikegentlywithalight,splashingsound3)inalldirection:everywhere

5.Theotherships…tothehorizon

l)Howcouldtheothershipsbeatrestinthesand?Theothershipswerealsoanchoredintheoriginalcoastbutnowwaterhadturnedintosandthereforetheyweresurroundedbysandandcouldnotmove.2)dune:aroundedhillorridgeofsandheapedupbytheaction3)thatstretched...tothehorizon:thatextendedasfarastheeyecouldsee;thatextendedtothefaroffplacewheretheskymeetstheearth6.WhyistheAraldisappearing?Itisbecomingsmallerandsmallerbecausethewaterthatusedtoflowintotheseahasbeenturnedawaytoirrigatethelandcreatedinthedeserttogrowcotton.Theschemewasanill-conceivedonebecauseitfailedtotakeintoconsiderationtheecologicaleffect.7.Myresearchfor…destructionWhydidhetravelaroundtheworld?Hetraveledaroundtheworldbecausehewantedtosee,checkandstudycasesofsuchdestructioninordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisis.2)image:typicalexample8.Attheverybottom...throughtimel)attheverybottomoftheearth:thesouthernendoftheearth'saxis;bottomheremeansfarthestend2)highinthe...Mountains:atahighp1aceinthemountainchain3)Whydidtheauthorsaythesunglaredthroughaholeinthesky?Wherecomesthehole?Itreferstoozonedepletion.4)unbelievablecoldness:socoldthatyoucannotimagine5)thetunne1hewa5diggingthroughtime:hewasdrillingtogetsamplesfromtheglacier,thedeeperhedrilled,thefartherthesampleintime;inotherwords,thesurfaceoftheglacierisanindicationofrecenttimewhilethedeeperpartoftheglaciertellsof6ituationofamuchremoteperiod9.Slippinghisparkaback...wewerestanding1)parka:派克大衣,ahoodedfurjacketwornasanoutergarmentbyEskimos2)abadlyburnedface:causedbyoverexposuretodirectsunlight3)crackedandpeeling:notetheuseofpastparticipleandpresentparticiple;onthefacetherewerelinesthatweresplitopenandpiecesofskinwerecomingdown10.Hemovedhisfinger...agoFollowingthelayersoficeinthecore'ample,hisfingercametotheplacewherethelayeroficewasformed20yearsago.l1.Atthebottom...onearthl)twocontinentsaway:thetwocontinentsrefertoSouthAmericaandAntarctica2)emissionheremeanstheamountofPollutantsdischarged3)leastaccessibleplaceonearth:theplacewhichismotdifficulttogettointheworldl2.Butthemostsignificant...eversince1)thusfar:uptothistime2)pickupspeed:developinanacceleratedspeed;becomefaster3)eversince:fromthenuntilnow

l3.Industrymeant...warmtheearth

1)industrymeantcoal:thedeve1opmentofindustrymeanttheuseoflargeamountofcoalasfueltogeneratepower2)it:standingforcoalandlateroil3)risinglevel:theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheregrew4)withitsabilitytotrapmoreheatintheatmosphere:heatcannoteasilygetthroughcarbondioxideandgointothehighaltitudesocarbondioxideplaystheroleofacover,keepingtheheatneartheearth5)thepartafterthe"dash"servesasanadverbialofresult14.upwindfromtheicerunway...thatinexorablechange1)upwind:inthedirectionfromwhichthewindisblowingorusuallyblows頂風2)icerunway:runwayisastripofpavedgroundforusebyairplanesintakingoffandlanding,andhereintheSouthPoletherunwayisastripoficeground3)skiplane:anairp1anewithskisinsteadofwheelsforlandingandtakingoffinthesnow4)Whyaretheenginesoftheplanekeptrunning?Becausethepilotfearsthatifhestopstheengines,themetalpartswouldbefrozensolidandtheengineswouldnotbeabletostartagain.5)monitor:towatchorcheckon(athing)6)tochartthecourse:toshowtheonwardmovementonanoutlinemap7)inexorable:thatcannotbealtered,checkedl5.Twoandahalf...ArcticOcean

l)attheotherendofourplanet:AntarcticasoneendandArc-ticastheotherend2)pitch:setup;erect3)slab:apiecethatisflat,broadandfairlythick4)frigid:extremelycold

16.Afteraheartybreakfast...inthewaterbe1ow

1)aheartybreakfast:asatisfyingandrichbreakfast2)snowmobile:akindofmotorvehiclefortravelingoversnow,usuallywithsteerablerunnersat.thefrontandtractortreadsattherear3)rendezvousPoint:theplacewhereasubmarinewastopickthemup4)hover:towaitcloseby,esp.inanoverprotective,insistentoranxiouswayl7.Afteritcrashed...ofglobalwarming1)afteritcrashedthroughtheice:afterthesubmarinebrokethroughtheicewithforceandsmashingnoiseandsurfaced2)tookonitsnewpassengers:pickeduptheauthorandhiscompanions3)renumbered:wentdownunderthewateragainl8.tosecurethereleaseofprevious1ytopsecretdata:toensurethemakingpublicofdatawhichwereoriginallyc1assifiedastopsecretl9.andthenIwasstanding...sheetscollide1)eerily:mysteriouslyoruncannily,esp.insuchawayastofrightenordisturb2)windswept:sweptbyorexposedtowinds3)withthehorizondefinedbylittlehummocks:withthestretchoficefieldcharacterizedbysmallridges4)Howarethesehummocksformed?Whenseparatelayersofice,broadinextent,strikeviolentlyagainsteachother,iceispushedupintoridgesbytheforceofthecollision.20.Asthepolarair...couldbedisastrous1)polarcap:thepolarregionofice2)tothin:tomakeorbecomethinorthinner3)couldbe:notetheuseofmodalverb.Here"couldbe"indicatesPossibility.21.Consideringsuchscenarios...exercisel)scenario:anoutlineforanyproposedorplannedseriesofevents,realorimagined方案2)Thinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthethinningofthepo1arcapisnotjustakindofpracticeinconjecture(speculation),ithasgotpracticalvalue.22.Sixmonths...lastdecade1)thepatternoficedistribution:theregularwayiceisdistributed2)astillcontroversialclaim:astatementwhichsomescientistsstilldonotcompletelyaccept3)whichavarietyofdatanowsuggest:datacomingfromdifferentsourcespointtohisconclusion4)overall:ingeneral23.Moreover...steadilyrising1)establish:causetobeacceptedorrecognized2)ArcticCircle:animaginarycircleparalleltotheequator,66'33'northofit3)tundra:anyofthevast,nearlylevel,treelessplainsoftheArcticregionsPart2(Para6)

Questionsoncomprehension:WhathasbeenhappeningtotheAmazonrainforest?HowwillthedestructionoftheAmazonforestaffecttheearth’secologicalbalances?

24.wherebillowingclouds...rainforest

l)billowing:largeswellingmassof2)Wheredothebillowingcloudsofsmokecomefrom?Theycomefromtheburningoftherainforest.3)theimmensebutnowthreatenedAmazonrainforestWhatismeantby"nowthreatened"?Itmeanstheexistenceoftherainforestisnowindangerasaresultoflarge-scaledestruction.25.Acrebyacre...beef1)Bitbybittreesintherainforestarefelledandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinhamburgers.2)Payattentiontotheconnotationofthetwo"fasts"infastpastureandfastfood.Withthatcomesthe"fast"disappearanceoftherainforest.26....withmorethan...eachyearl)worth:equalinareaorsize2)slash:cutwithasweepingstroke3)theareaofrainforestburnedinoneyearisbiggerthanthestateofTennessee27.whichmeans...evenheardSincemilesofforestarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewillbecomeextinct.Part3(Para7-9)

Questionsoncomprehension:

Whatisthegeneralideaofthepart?Howdoesnoctilucentcloudcomeintobeing?Whatdoesthisspecialclouddoatahighaltitudeoftheair?Whatotherharmdoestheclouddototheearthenvironment?Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepartmean?Canyougivesomeotherexamplestomanifesttheviolentcollisionbetweenhumancivilizationandtheearth?28.Images...anywhereTropicalexamplesshowingthedangerousenvironmentalsituationintheworldcanbefoundalmostanywhere.29.Onsomenights...nowinprogressl)inhighnorthernlatitudes:2)theskyitselfoffersanotherghostlyimage:theskyalonepresentsanotherexampleofillomenshowingthereiseco-logicalimbalanceandthiskindofimba1anceisdevelopingindispute,inbloom,inplay,inpursuit(of),inmotion,inuse:Thecarisinfullplay.(runningatthefullspeed)Hewascaughtintheactofstealing.30.andif...altogetherblotout(view,memory):hideentirely;obscure;ablotonone’scharacter/recordThecloudsblotoutthemoon.Sheblottedthepaperwithinkspots./Theinkblottedonthepaper.Sheblottedherdrivingrecordbyhavinganaccident.3l.This"noctilucentcloud"...unnaturall)

noctilucent:designatingorofaluminouscloudvisibleatnightinthePolarregionsatanaltitudeofc.50miles生物性發(fā)光toc1oak:toconceal,hideThemagicianwascloakedinblacksilk.Hecloakedhisevilpurposeunderfriendlywords.3)toshimmer:toshinewithanunsteadylight4)translucent:partiallytransparent32.becauseof...intheatmospheremethane:甲烷2)becausetherehasbeenabigincreaseofmethanegasintheatmosphere33.Wheredoesmethanegascomefrom?l)release:letgo;emit2)landfill:thedisposalofgarbageorrubbishbyburyingitunderashallowlayerofgroundermite:白蟻4)swarm:tomoveinlargenumbersAcrowdofpeopleswarmedtothespot./Theroomwashotandswarmedwithflies.5)biomass:thetotalmassoramountoflivingorganisminaparticularareaorvolume生物量34.Whatshouldwefeel...thesky?Whatshouldourattitudebetowardtheseterriblesignsofeco-logicalimbalancesinthesky?35.Simplewonder...thezoo?Shoulditonlybeafeeingofsurpriseandadmirationoracombinationofdifferentfeelingsweexperienceinthezoo?36.justasmen...withextinction:menarekillingsuchlargenumberofelephantsfortheirtusksthatthespecieswillsoonextinguishthatwearedisturbingthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness38.changingthechemistry...atmosphere:changingthechemicalcompositionofatmosphereinhighaltitude39.withouteven...spectrallightl)startle:toalarmsuddenlyorunexpectedly2)glisten:toshineorspark1ewithreflectedlight,asawetorpolishedsurface3)spectra1:likeaghost,ghostly40.Orhave...andtheearth?1)OrhavewebeensoaccustomedtothebrightelectricLightsthatwefailtounderstandthethreateningimplicationoftheseclouds,thatitisaglaringsignoftheviolentclashbetweenhumanactivityandnature?2)adjust(to):tochangesoastofit,conform3)see:understand4)forwhattheyare:intheirreallight;therealnatureofPart4(Para9)

Questionsoncomprehension:

Whatisthefunctionoftheparagraph?Whydoestheauthorraisesomanyquestionshere?4l..whether...ofwaste:whetheritisthefactthatrecentlytherearemorehotdayswhenthetemperatureisover100degreesF,orthefactthatthesunburnsourskinmorequicklyinrecenttimes,orthefactthatthedebateoverthewayofdisposingofthegrowingamountofwastemattercomesupmorefrequently42.Butourresponse...puzzling:butourreactiontothesesignalsissobafflingthatitisdifficu1ttounderstand43.Whyhaven't...environment?:Whyhaven'twestartedalarge-scalemovementtosaveourenvironment?44.tocomeatthequestionanotherway:toapproachthequestioninadifferentway;toputthequestiondifferentlyPutthefoodwherethecatcan’tcomeatit.Itwasalongtimebeforewecameatthetruth.Hecameatme,brandishingaheavystick.45.Whydo...effective1y?:Whydosomesymbolssoalarmusthatweimmediatelytakeactionandconcentrateonwaysofdealingwiththemeffectively?46.Andwhydo...distraction?l)equallydramatic:asstrikingas(theotherimages)2)paralysis:partialorcompleteloss;inabi1itytoact3)convenientdistraction:handyandeasytogetdiversion4)Andwhydoothersymbols,thoughsometimesnolessstriking,onlycauseakindofLossandinactivityandweconcentrateourattentionnotonthewaystodealwiththembutinstead,onsomeothersubstituteswhichareeasytogetandlesspainful?Part5(Para10-16)

Questionsoncomprehension:

Whatcomparisonismadeatthebeginningofthispart?Forwhatpurpose?Whatisthemainpointtheauthorwantstodrivehomehere?Howdoeshebringoutthepointstepbystep?Howdoyouunderstandthepoint”humancivilizationisnowthedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironment”?47.itmaybe...appropriately:itmaybeusefultoarrangethemintodifferentgroups,thusgettingourthoughtsandfeelingsstraightenedoutsothatwewillbeabletotakethemostsuitableaction48.Auseful...place1)theater:sceneofoperation49.Whatkindofconflictwillbeconsideredas"strategic"conflict?Onlystrugglethatwillendangeranation'sexistenceandmustbeviewedagainstthebackgroundoftheworldwillbeconsideredas"strategic"conflict.50.Environmentalthreats...wayWhatisthemeaningof"inthesameway"?Inthesamewaymeansinthewayofdividingthethreatsintothreecategories.5l.Forexample...innature1)il1egalwastedumping:referringtothedisposalofwasteinawaythatviolatesthelaw52.Problemslike...regional1)acidrain:rainwithahighconcentrationofacidsproducedbysulfurdioxide,nitrogenoxide,etc.emittedduringthecombustionoffossi1fuels;ithasadestructiveeffectonplantandaquaticlife,buildings,etc.2)aquifer:anundergroundlayerofPorousrock,sand,etc'containingwater,intowhichwellscanbesunk3)largeoilspill:1arge-scaleleakingofoilfromoiltanker53.Inboth...notatstakel)thepatternappearstobeglobal:itseemsthattheproblemhasacquiredaglobalnaturesincesomanysimi1arthingsoccuratthesametimeallovertheworld2)Whyaren'ttheproblemsregardedasstrategic?Becausetheworkingofworldenvironmentasawholehasnotbeenaffectedandtheexistenceofmankindhasnotbeenendangered.54.The600percent...thesky1)chlorinechlorofluorocarbons:CFC氟里昂3)notjustresponsible:notjustinthosecountrieswhicharemainlyresponsiblefortheproductionofCFCs55.Theincreasedlevel...totheirsurvivall)Theincreaseoftheamountofchlorinedisturbstheusualwayofhandlingandcontrollingtheamountofultravioletradiationtheearthreceives2)tothePoint:tosuchadegree,cf:atthepoint,onthepoint56.Theconcentration...intheatmosphereAsaresultoftheincreaseofthoseparticlesthatcantakeinheat,lessheatisreleasedintothehighaltitudeandmoreheatiskeptintheatmospherethaninthepast.Thiswillmaketheclimateoftheworldwarmer.57.Thisincreaseinheat...humansociety1)equilibrium:astateofbalancebetweenopposingforces2)pattern:aregular,mainlyunvaryingwayofmovement3)inturn:inpropersequenceorsuccession58.tomentionjustoneexample...forthe1)inprehistorictimes:inperiodsbeforerecordedhistory2)intheirsearchforfood:whentheyweretryingtohuntanimalsforfood59.Andinourowntime...inthecountryside1)reshape:togivenewshapeorformto2)concreteinourcities:referringtopavedroads,bridges,buildings3)carefullytended:carefullytakencareof60.Butthesechanges...ecologicalsystemAlthoughsometimesthesechangesseemtobetakingplaceeverywhereintheworldtheyhave,untilrecently,beenrelative1yinsignificantintheirinfluenceontheecologicalsystemoftheworld.61.Indeed...environmentl)assume:totakeforgranted;tosuppose(son1ething)asafact2)lastingeffect:enduringeffect;effectwhichlastsalongtime62.Butitisprecisely...environmentWhatweshouldgetridofisexactlythatkindofviewwhichhasbeentakenforgranted.Onlywhenwehavedroppedsuchaviewcanwethinkinalong-term,overallwayaboutourrelationshiptotheenvironment.63.Yetweresist...mountains1)thistruth:referringtothedominantcauseofchangeinthepreviousSentence2)weresistthistruth:werefusetoacceptthistruefact;werefusetofacethisrea1fact3)findithardtoimagine:itisverydifficult(forus)tothink4)oureffect...mountains:thatweshouldtreatoureffectontheearththesameasthemoon'sgravitationalpullontheoceansorthewind'seffectonthemountainsandmeasureoureffectinthesamewayaswemeasuretheeffectofnaturalforces64.surely...restraint:ofcoursewemustrecognizethatwehavetheresponsibilitytousethenewlyacquiredcapabilityinaprudentwayandwithproperrestraint65.sofar...natura1systems:Uptillnow,weseemtobeunawareofthefactthattheearth'snaturalsystemsareverydelicateandcaneasilybedisrupted.Part6(Para17-26)

Questionsoncomprehension:

Whatarethekeyfactorsthatdefinethephysicalrealityofourrelationshiptotheearth?Whatdramaticchangeshaveoccurredinthesetwokeyfactors?Whatarethetwoaspectstotheincreasinglychallengingenvironmentalproblem?Whatdoesthewriterthinkiswrongthementalityinvolvedinarmsracebetweentheformertwosuperpowers?Whatsolutionsdoesthewriterputforwardtoourecologicalproblems?66.thatdefine...totheearth:thatdeterminetheactualstateofourrelationshipwithnature67.asuddenandstartling...makesuptheearth1)asuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanPopulation:asuddenbigandshockingincreaseintheworld'spopulation2)withtheaddition...everytenyears:everytenyearsthenewlyaddedpopulationwillequalthePopulationofChina;everytenyears,onemoreChina'sPopulationwillbeaddedtothePopulationoftheworld3)worth:equalinsizeornumber4)asuddenacceleration...revolution:thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionsuddenlydevelopsmorerapidly5)whichhasallowed...theworldaroundus:whichhasincreasedourPowertoinfluencetheworldaroundustosuchadegreethatcanhardlybeconceived6)physicalmatter:materialsubstance68.whenviewedinahistoricalcontext:whenwelookatthematterfromahistoricalpointofview69.Now,inthecourseof...halfwaytherel)inthecourseofourhumanlifetime:duringthelifespanofanindividual2)mine:referringtomylifetimeitisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere:theworldpopulationisalreadymorethanhalfofthatfigure70.Likethepopu1ation...exponential1y1)pickupspeed:increasespeed;gainspeed2)ongoing:continuing;thatisactually-inprocess3)exponential:oforrelatingtoanexponent4)has...suddenlyacceleratedexponentially:has..suddenlydevelopedataspeedthatdoubledandtripledtheoriginalspeed7l.Forexample...ofscience1)axiom:astatement,esp.onethatisshort,thatisgenerallyacceptedastrueanddoesn'tneedtobeproved72.while...unrestrainednuclearwar1)whilenosing1e...towarfare:a1thoughnoindividualdiscoveryhaschangedhumanrelationshiptotheearthsomuchthatitiscomparabletothenuclearweaponswhichhavebroughttremendouschangetotherelationshipbetweenmanandwarfare2)theyhavecompletely...forsustenance:Originally,ourabilitytoutilizetheearthproductivelyforsurvivalgrewbygradualadditionbutnowthesediscoverieshavechangedtheabilityfundamentally.3)making...war:thisincreasedabilityhasmadetheresultsofunlimiteduseofglobalresourcesaltogetherasterribleastheresu1tsoffull-scalenuclearwar73.Ourchallenge...awakenus:Ourtaskistoseeandtounderstandthatthosefrighteningexamplesofenvironmentaldestructionthatarehappeningallovertheworldnotonlycanshockandarouseusbutareverymuchthesameinnature.74.Theyaresymptoms...faced:Theyaresignsandindicationsshowingthatthereexistsamuchgreaterandmoreseriousproblemwhichwehaveneverencountered.75.toseeourselves...usedto:toregardourse1vesaspartofacomplicatedsystemwhichdoesnotfunctionaccordingtotheruleofcause-effectwearefamiliarwith76.Theproblemis...theenvironment:Whatisinvolvedisamatterofhumanrelationswithnature,ratherthanhowmankindwillaffectnature.77.Asaresult...ecologicalsystem:Asaresult,ifwewanttosolvetheproblem,wewillhavetocarefullyweighanddeterminehowimportantthatrelationshipisandhowimportantisthecomplicatedinterconnectionamongfactorsinsidehumansocietyandbetweenthesefactorsandthemainnaturalpartsofglobalecologicalsystem.78.Thereis...toourthinking:Thereisonlyoneexamp1einthepastwhichPosedsimilardemandonusforachangeinourwayoflookingatthings.79.Theinvention...forwarfareitself1)subsequent:followingintimeororder2)forcedaslowandpainfulrecognition:(thesituation)compelledustoacceptasafactgraduallyandwithdifficulty3)thusacquired:cometobePossessedinthisway4)institutionofwarfare:practiceofarme