英語(yǔ)人教版選修八-Unit-1-A-land-of-diversity-Learning-about-Language

人教新課標(biāo)版選修八Unit1Alandofdiversity

Learning

about

LanguageAdjective

Nounmajorhard

racedistinctmajority

Completethefollowingchartwith

newwordsfromthetext.racialhardship/hardnessdistinctionAdjective

NounItalian

Korea

Pakistan

Denmark

Italy

Korean

Pakistani

Denish

VerbAdjective

Nounapply

simplemix

illustrateappliedmixedillustrativeapplicationmixtureillustrationsimplifysimplicity2Completethesesentences,usingnewwordsfromthetext.1.A_______countryconsistsofagroupofstates.2.Thatisthebiggest_______churchIhaveeverseen.federalcatholic3.The________ofusvotedforMrRed,whothenbecamechairmanofthecommittee.4.The________ofEducationisoneofthegovernmentdepartments.5.Theeconomic______inrecentyearshascreatedmorejobopportunities.6._______shapedlikeabootliesinthesouthofEurope.majorityMinistry

boom

Italy

7.Weshoulddrawa__________betweenrightandwrong.8.TomakethecrossingfromShandongtotheNortheast,ourancestorssufferedallkindsof_________.9.ThepeoplefromSouthorNorth_______arecalledKoreans.10.Nobodyknowswhowillbe_________aspresidentorvicepresidentofthiscountry.

distinction

hardship

Korea

elected

3Choosethewordsandphrasestofillintheblanks,changingtheirformsifnecessary.

aircraft

crossing

bymeansofmakealife

rail

strait

ArcticMynephew’sfirstholidaytothe______wasadelight.Thesceneryandtheicebergsexcitedhim.LookingacrosstheBering_____intoRussiawassomethinghewouldrememberforever.Tomakethe________betweenthesetwogreatcountriesseemedasifitwouldtakenotimeatall!Thenhetravelledacrosstheice___________adogsled.Itmadethejourneyhehadearlierdoneby_______seemveryordinary.Arctic

straitcrossingby

means

ofaircraftWhenhereachedtheNorthPole,hefoundnothingexcitingexceptforasignmarkingthespot,buthedidmeetsomescientiststherewhowerestudyingthemeltingoftheice____andforthemselvesamongthesnowyhillsandplains.Afterashortbreakhetookthelocal____________toflybacktoAlaskaandtheseavoyagebackhome!

railmakingalifeoccur

vi.

存在,被發(fā)現(xiàn);發(fā)生;想到,想起(to),(主語(yǔ)是事,賓語(yǔ)是人)Theseflowersoccurinthetropics(熱帶).Thesounddoesn’toccurinChinese.Whendidtheaccidentoccur?Anideaoccurredtome.Itneveroccurredtohimthatshewouldfail.Explanation

1)Thenameofthefilm____mesuddenly.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.occurredtoB.cametoC.struckD.stuck2)_____tomethatIhadleftthedoorunlocked.A.IthappenedB.ItstruckC.IthitD.Itoccurred3)Anaccidentdid,however,_____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.occurB.takeplaceC.happenedD.brokeoutoccur(occurred,

occurred)DDA

Grammar

NounClauses名詞性從句NounClausessubjectiveclause主語(yǔ)從句objectiveclause賓語(yǔ)從句predicativeclause表語(yǔ)從句appositiveclause同位語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此,名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句1.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語(yǔ)作用,可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句詞有連詞that,if,whether;連接代詞who,whose,what,which;連接副詞when,where,how,

why等。1)Ithink(that)womencanreachvery

highachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.3)Doyouknowwho/whomJackwasspeakingto?2.表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起表語(yǔ)作用。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句詞有連詞that,what,which,who,whom,whose等。除在句子中起連接作用外,還可在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ),且各有各的詞義。Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhich

of

usshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhose

name

shouldbeputonthetopofthelist.3.主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)用的名詞性從句,因其在復(fù)合句中做主語(yǔ),又稱主語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的有連詞that,whether,

連接代詞who,what,which,連接副詞when,where,how,why等。That

she

left

him

cut

him

to

the

heart.What

seemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whether

itwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.

4.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句,大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo),常常跟在fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark,hope,belief等名詞后面。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容,在邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同為關(guān)系。Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthat

allmatterconsistsofatoms.Wheredidyougettheideathat

Icouldnotcome.Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewruleshouldbeadopted.1.名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序(陳述句語(yǔ)序)；2.幾對(duì)重要關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)別:whether\if,what\that,what\whatever,who\whoever,etc;3.it用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句；4.根據(jù)具體情景選用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞。高考考查熱點(diǎn)根據(jù)例句,討論：1)whether\if的區(qū)別Pleasetellmeif/whether

youwillgotothelecturestomorrow.Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.Whether

hewillbewelltomorrowI’mnotsure.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.WhetherIfABCDAA.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,位于及物動(dòng)詞后B.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,位于介詞后C.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,放句首D.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句2)What\that的區(qū)別Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone.Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.Thisiswhat

makesusinterested.Thereasonwasthat

Todhadneverseenthemillion-poundnotebefore.所引導(dǎo)的從句中是否缺主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)意義能否省略Whatthat缺不缺什么;所……的東西、事情無(wú)意義否賓語(yǔ)從句中能省略3)who\whoever;what\whatever的區(qū)別ThespokenEnglishcompetitioniscoming,Who

willattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Ibelievewhoever

takespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest.Canyoutellmewhatyouwouldliketoorder?Whateverhappens,don’tbesurprised.Allthefoodhereisdelicious.Justorderwhatever

youlike.名詞性從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句who

whoeverwhatwhatever表示“誰(shuí)”表示“…的任何人”表“什么，所…的東西、事情”表“…的任何東西”/表“不論誰(shuí)”/表“無(wú)論什么”4)常見的it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)Itisafactthat

hewonthematch.ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish.Itisknowntoall

thatlighttravelsinstraightlines.It

seemedthat

hewouldcomehere.基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)常用詞語(yǔ)Itis+名詞

+that從句Itis+形容詞

+that從句Itis+過(guò)去分詞

+that從句It+不及物動(dòng)詞

+that從句Itisafact/ashame/apity/nowonder/goodnews/…that…Itisnecessary/strange/important/possible/likely/…that…這類主語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Itissaid/reported/decide/known/…that…Itseemed/happened/doesn’tmatter/hasturnedout/…that…

Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter____thatI’mtalkingto.

(2004年廣東省卷)A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom

高考鏈接B

【解析】這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。

and后是一個(gè)含有主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu),其主句部分是itdoesn’tmatter,主語(yǔ)從句則是whoitisthatI’mtalkingto。而在主語(yǔ)從句中,又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾who。who既是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞,

也在itis中作表語(yǔ)。如果再細(xì)一點(diǎn),說(shuō)who是

(talking)to的介詞賓語(yǔ)也可以。2.Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.(2003上海)

A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how

【解析】主語(yǔ)從句中缺少做主語(yǔ)的成分,

故選C。C

3._____madetheschoolproudwas______morethan90％ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春季)

A.What;becauseB.What;that

C.That;whatD.That;because【解析】what在此作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),

只起引導(dǎo)作用,不作任何成分。B

4.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that【解析】這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,wants后面缺少賓語(yǔ),Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants

是一句諺語(yǔ),意思是“永遠(yuǎn)給予他人他確實(shí)想要的東西”。故答案為A。A

5.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that's_______.(2003北京春季)

A.whatmakesmefeelexcited

B.whateverIfeelexcitedabout

C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited

【解析】這是由what引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),這句話的意思為:

那是使我感到興奮的事。故答案為A。A6.---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat_______youhadafewdaysoff?

(NMET1999)

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

【解析】這是一個(gè)由why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,

表示原因。這句話的意思是“這就是你離開的原因嗎?”。故答案為A。A

7.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis【解析】答案A。該題考查定語(yǔ)從句中加入插入語(yǔ)的用法,因插入語(yǔ)應(yīng)位于引導(dǎo)詞之后，所以D項(xiàng)不對(duì),B、C兩項(xiàng)無(wú)法構(gòu)成正確結(jié)構(gòu)。A

1.Thelawyerrarelywearsanythingother

thanjeansandaT-shirt_____theseason.(2008全國(guó)I卷)

A.whatever B.wherever

C.whenever D.however2.

Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfinding

out______theycangowithanewteacher.

(2008安徽卷)A.howfar

B.howsoon

C.howoften

D.howlong高考鏈接--

2008A

A

3._____isknowntousallisthatthe2008

OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.(2008福建卷)A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which4.Whenasked_____theyneededmost,

thekidssaidtheywantedtofeel

importantan