初升高英語銜接專題一（句法）課件

2021級(jí)開學(xué)第一課---英語語法小常識(shí)初高銜接示范課

語法初高銜接（英語語法小常識(shí)）

解開語法謎團(tuán)

形成整體架構(gòu)英語侯課要求Agenda英語中的句子成分（一）英語中的句子成分（二）英語基本句式綜合練習(xí)Teachingaims:教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1、了解句子的主要成分——主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、

狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語以及它們?cè)诰渲械墓δ芎妥饔茫?、掌握主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位

語的不同構(gòu)成形式，強(qiáng)化詞性意識(shí)；3、熟練區(qū)分句子的各構(gòu)成部分，判斷五種基本句子類型

。a(an)

art.

一（個(gè)、件……）△abandon[??b?nd?n]v.拋棄，舍棄，放棄

ability[??b?l?t?]n.能力；才能

able[?e?b(?)l]a.能夠；有能力的abnormal[?b?n??m(?)l]a.反常的，變態(tài)的aboard[??b??d]prep.上（船，飛機(jī)，火車等）about[??ba?t]ad.大約；到處；四處

above[??b?v]prep.在……上面a.上面的

abroad[??br??d]ad.到（在）國外

absent

[??bs?nt]

a.

缺席，

不在

什么是英語句子？句子可以用來陳述一段事情、描述一種關(guān)系、表達(dá)某種情感等等。一個(gè)句子可以分解成單詞或詞組的組合。這些單詞或詞組在句子中有著不同的功能和位置，稱為不同的句子成分。常見的句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語包括：賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語（也即表語）什么是英語句子？1、句子成分主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語2、按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分：簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句3、按交際功能分：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句此照片，作者:未知作者，許可證:CCBY-SA句子成分1：主語subject主語是一個(gè)句子的主體，一般在句首。英語中主語一般不省略。名詞作主語代詞作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語不定式作主語5.Thathewontheprizeexcitedeveryone.6.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.7.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.8.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.主語從句作主語It作形式主語，tohaveourdreams不定式短語才是真正的主語It作形式主語，thathewaswrong主語從句才是真正的主語It作形式主語，cryingoverthespiltmilk動(dòng)名詞短語才是真正的主語覆水難收主語

subjectExerciseP4句子成分2：謂語predicate

謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征。謂語由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng)，或者由“系動(dòng)詞+表語”構(gòu)成。謂語的位置一般出現(xiàn)在主語之后。動(dòng)詞分為：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。1、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)的詞，能單獨(dú)作謂語?？煞譃椋杭拔飫?dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞2、系動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞本身有意思為動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，后面必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等。5、助動(dòng)詞：have,

be,

do等。助動(dòng)詞一般沒有意義，不能單獨(dú)做謂語。助動(dòng)詞的作用主要幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定和疑問句。如:Heiswaitingforthebus.Hehasmadeuphismind.Doyouloveme?6、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can,could,may,might,must,should,need,haveto,oughtto,dare等

謂語

predicateExercise1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Wecanmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Theletterisfrommyyoungestsister.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.謂語

predicateExerciseP51.Myheartsank.2.Finallyalltheminersweresaved.3.Sofar,

nobodyhasputforwardanyuseful

waysto

dealwiththeproblem.4.(2023·江蘇沛縣高一期末)Talkingabout

personalfeclingswithyourfamilymay

help.5.Themilkwentsour.6.Heturnedaroundandranawayquickly.7.Theboyisalwayswillingtohelpthe

disabledpeople.8.Don'tleaveoutanykeypointswhen

writingyouressay!9.Atthattime,educationwasdesignedforwhitesettlersonly.10.Lookingaround,

shecouldfindnobodyto

turnto.直接賓語(DO)多指物，間接賓語(IO)多指人。間接賓語通常置于直接賓語之前，若放在其后，一般須加介詞for或to。賓語objectExerciseP51.Wouldyoupleaseshowyourpassport?2.Doyoumeanthat?3.Thedoctorisexaminingtheinjured.4,Irememberseeinghimsomewhere.5.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelight.6.Hepromisedthathewouldarriveintime

forthemeeting.7,Ithinkitimportanttocareaboutour

environment.8.Thegirlconsidersitherdutythat

wheneverpossible,sheshouldoffera

helpinghandtothoseinneed.9.Heshowedmealotofphotosofhis

house.10.Thegirlofferedherseattoanaged

woman.Exploration:Mywifecallsme

a“moviefan”.Ifoundmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful./ontheplayground賓語補(bǔ)足語位于賓語之后，是用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的?？捎擅~、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語等充當(dāng)。系動(dòng)詞LinkingVerb

表語predicative表語表述主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等均可用作表語。Exploration:5.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.Themathshomeworklookseasy.1.Aftergraduationfromuniversity,heturneddoctor.2Shelookedworriedatthenews.3.Fourtimesfourissixteen.4.Nobodywouldliketobethelasttoleave.5.Timeispressing.Wemusthurryup.6.Thevillageisinperfectpeace.7.Themusicwasoninthenextroom.8.Alotofworkremainstobefinished.9.Theboy'sjobiscollectinganddelivering

lettersfromdoortodoor.10.Thereasonisthat

manypeoplelack

properexercise.表語predicativeExerciseP6Exploration:2.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.3.Hetoldusafunnystory.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.4.My______wifecallsmea“moviefan”.Ifoundmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.5.Theteacher_______

waskindandfriendly.

定語修飾名詞或代詞，用來說明人或事物的品質(zhì)或特征。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等均可用作定語。lovelyinred

定語attribute

定語attributeExerciseP71.Theshoeshopliesattheothersideofthe

street,2.Doyouhaveanythingspecialtoshare

withyourclassmates?3.About20peoplewillattendthemeeting

tobeheldtomorrow.4.Thefallenleavesonthegroundmadethe

gardenevenmorebeautiful.5.Themanwearingablacksuitisournew

headmaster.6.Theboyseatedatthebackistheonein

needofyourhelp.7.Gonearethedayswhenwomenwere

lookeddownupon.8.Ourmonitor,whoisgoodathislessons,isalwaysreadytohelpothers.Exploration:1.Allofuslaughed./Wemustact./Hetalkedtoomuch.2.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.3.____________,hetoldusafunnystory.5.Themathshomeworklooks_______easy.6.There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句。位置靈活。用來表示行為發(fā)生的方式、條件、目的、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度等。副詞、形容詞、介詞短語等均可用作狀語。Surprisinglyquite

狀語adverbial狀語adverbialExerciseP8l.Theyoftentakeawalkinthenearbypark

tokeepfit.2.Lostinthought,healmostranintothe

carparkedbytheroad.3.LiMinghelpedthefarmersgetinallthe

crops,tiredbuthappy.4.Thewaterlevelinthelakehasrisenby

halfametersince2weeksago.5.Theladysatbythewindow,readinga

bookwitharedcover.6.Thedoctordideverythinghecouldtosave

thegirl'slife.7.Weshould

servethepeopleheartand

soul.8.Comparedtomanywomen,shewas

indeedverylucky.Exploration:P8.1.Theyfoundhimlyingontheground.2.Withthemusicon,hefellasleep.3.Youshouldkeepthebottleoutofthereachofchildren.4.Hewaselectedchairmanagain.5.Theboywasmadetoworkwithoutanypayment.6.Weimaginehimtobealiar.補(bǔ)語是用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語或主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等的一種句子成分，通常為名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞或不定式等。

ExerciseP8

1.Theyfoundhimlyingontheground.2.Withthemusicon,hefellasleep.3,Youshouldkeepthebottleoutofthe

reachof

children.4.Hewaselectedchairmanagain.5.Theboywasmadetoworkwithoutany

payment.6,Weimaginehimtobealiar.Exploration:1.We________mustact./He,______________,talkedtoomuch.4.Mywife,________,callsmea“moviefan”.

同位語用來說明或解釋同一事物，通常放在其所說明的名詞或代詞之后。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等均可用作同位語。

同位語appositiveeachmylittlebrotherSusanExerciseP9

同位語appositive1、Mr.Wang,ourheadmaster,willgo

abroadnextweek.2.Thetouristseachweararedcap.3.Areyoutworeadytostartyournewlifetogether?4.(2023·江蘇南京高一統(tǒng)考)SuShi，a

famousscholaroftheSongDynasty,was

highlythoughtofinpoetry,proseand

painting.5.Wordcamethatawarbrokeoutbetween

thetwoneighboringcountries.英語句子成分與詞類的關(guān)系：1.主語多由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任；2.謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)；3.表語位于系動(dòng)詞之后，多由名詞或形容詞充當(dāng)；4.賓語分為動(dòng)賓和介賓，由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)；5.補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)充說明賓語或主語；6.定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的，多由形容詞充當(dāng)；7.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞或全句，多由副詞充當(dāng)；8.同位語多由名詞充當(dāng)，用來說明或解釋另一名詞;9.獨(dú)立成分一般是插入語、呼語、感嘆語。

二、英語句子的9大句子成分主語、謂語、表語、賓語（直接賓語，間接賓語，復(fù)合賓語）、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語、同位語和獨(dú)立成分。什么是英語句子？1、句子成分主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語2、按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分：簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句3、按交際功能分：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句此照片，作者:未知作者，許可證:CCBY-SA1.S+V(主語+謂語)2.S+V+O

(主語+謂語+賓語)3.S+V+P(主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語)4.S+V+O1+O2

(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)5.S+V+O+C(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)

一、簡單句的5大基本句型:ReadandDiscussthesentencepatternsExploration:1.Allofus

laughed./We

mustact./He

talkedtoomuch.

2.I

miss

mygrandma.

I

had

myfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.

3.He

told

us

afunnystory.

Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.

SVO2SVSVSVSVOSVOSVO1O2O1雙賓語Exploration:4.Mywife

calls

me

a“moviefan”.

I

found

myclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.

5.Theteacher

was

kindandfriendly.

Themathshomework

looks

easy.

PVPSVCOSVOCSV復(fù)合賓語S

exerciseof“SV”P11.

SVSVSVSVSVSV

exerciseof“SVO”P11.1、Heagreedtodiscussthematterwiththeothers.2.Thefarmerkeptworkingintherain.3.Thekindmanhashelpedalotofpeopleinneed.4.(2023·江蘇鹽城期末)IsawaverydifferentkindofChinawithmyowneyes.5.Wefoundthatveryfewpeopleshowedinterestinthisproduct.6.Theboyiswonderingwhattodonextweek.7.Theylivedahappylifeinthemountainvillage.8.Manypeoplearoundhimjustmadefunofhim.

exerciseof“SVP”P12.1.Thestorysoundsunbelievable.2.Heisoneofthemostfamousscientistsintheworld.3.Theoldlady'shobbywasgrowingflowers.4.Theworkremainedundone.5.Histheoryprovedtobetruewithtime.6.Softmusicseemedoninmyneighboringhouse.7.Thevillagerswereingreatneedofcleandrinkingwater.8.Thereasonwasthathemissedtheearlybus.

exerciseof“SVO1O2”P12.l.Papatoldmeafunnystory.2.Isentatelegramtohim.3.Mumispreparingbrcakfastforthewholefamily.4.Heexplainedtomethathehadtobelefttotakeca