新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第1部分閱讀理解與閱讀七選五專題1第4 題型突破詞句猜測題 (含解析)

第4講題型突破——詞句猜測題詞句猜測題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。此類題型旨在考查考生根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞、短語或句子的本意或外延含義的能力，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新意，還可以是對替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷。除了直接命題的生詞外，閱讀文章時(shí)，常常也會遇到一些過去未見過的詞，但這類生詞的詞義大都可以通過上下文推斷出來。設(shè)問方式1．Theword“...”inparagraph...means.2．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“...”inparagraph...?3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“...”probablymean?4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“...”inparagraph...referto?5．Theunderlinedexpression“...”inparagraph...mostprobablymeans“”．技法一詞義猜測題——巧用線索猜詞義詞匯含義猜測是一種閱讀技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個(gè)單詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，而這些詞和詞組往往都超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到一定的作用。由此看來，猜測詞句能力的高低，直接影響著閱讀理解題得分的高低，對能否取得好的高考成績有著舉足輕重的作用。下面介紹巧用邏輯關(guān)系、語法關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法和上下文語境猜測詞匯含義。一、4種邏輯關(guān)系助力詞義猜測(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ·C片段)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica，theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately，ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations，greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(棲息地)．29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Acquire. B．Export.C．Destroy. D．Distribute.答案C解析詞義猜測題。依據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的Unfortunately可判斷，畫線詞所在句與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，上文講到了探險(xiǎn)者抵達(dá)北美洲時(shí)，這片大陸上充滿了各種各樣的野生物種，整個(gè)大陸生機(jī)勃勃。美洲土著居民明智地照顧著這些寶貴的自然資源，因此畫線詞所在句應(yīng)講述這些資源受到的破壞——探險(xiǎn)者及隨之而來的殖民者只用了幾十年就將大部分資源破壞。故選C。二、5種語法關(guān)系助力詞義猜測(2022·全國乙·C片段)Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety.B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair.D．Constructionofinfrastructure.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文的舉例用語“...includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可知，maintenance指的是后文中的“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure”，故選C。三、3種構(gòu)詞法助力詞義猜測例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.分析：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可知uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。四、上下文語境助力詞義猜測有些詞義猜測題找不到以上標(biāo)志線索，這時(shí)我們可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推測詞義，這也是近幾年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ·C片段)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely....WendyWilson，extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet，oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject，said：“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A．Improve. B．Oppose.C．Begin. D．Evaluate.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文語境，即畫線處前的“oneofthefirst”以及后文“Wearelooking...bringtopeoplehere.”可知，WendyWilson是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)起人之一，所以畫線詞的含義與C項(xiàng)“Begin(開始)”含義相近。故選C。技法二代詞指代題——“就近原則”判指代代詞指代題常出現(xiàn)在人物或事物變換多、動作轉(zhuǎn)換頻繁的語境中，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)語境判斷人稱代詞、不定代詞和指示代詞的指代對象。有時(shí)也會考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的指代內(nèi)容。設(shè)問方式1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?2．Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inparagraph...refersto“”．解此類試題常用“就近原則”巧判斷。解題流程如下：(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ·C片段)Inthemid-1990s，TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths，physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater，stillattractedtothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit，however，endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook，ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia，whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan，wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland，andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway：Rustam，histranslator，alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia，OlegandNatasha，hishostsinTashkent，andastringofforeignaidworkers.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.答案D解析代詞指代題。依據(jù)代詞永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在原詞之后可知，畫線代詞指代第一段最后一句，由此可知，此處that指的是“寫一篇有關(guān)咸海消失的文章”這件事。故選D。技法三句意猜測題——意義吻合推句意高考閱讀理解有時(shí)會對某一個(gè)句子的本意或外延含義進(jìn)行考查，因此要求考生準(zhǔn)確理解前后句所表達(dá)的含義，巧解句意猜測題。設(shè)問方式1．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph...mean?2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph...?句意猜測題要求考生通過閱讀文章，用合適的語句對其進(jìn)行解釋性的描述。其解題流程如下：(2019·浙江·B片段)Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth，aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread，“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”24．Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?A．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynottiedtogether.答案C解析句意猜測題。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容并結(jié)合木板上寫的“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知，釘在木板上的錢是可以隨意取的，并不附帶任何條件，故選C項(xiàng)。A(外刊閱讀·原創(chuàng)題)選自：USATodayRobotvacuumsareincrediblypopular，andthesehelpfulhouseholdgadgetsareconvenientlydesignedtopickupdust，hairandallmannerofgrimesoyoudon’thavetodoityourself.Ofallofthemodelsavailable，theiRobotRoombai7＋isthebestrobotvacuumwe’veevertested，andrightnow，youcangetitonsalefor$300offitsusualprice.ThankstothisdealatBedBath&Beyond，youcangetthisrobotvacuumonsalefor$699.99—itslowestpriceofalltime.We’veonlyeverseenitatthislowtwicebefore，backinDecember2019andApril2020.Whileit’struethatevenatitsdiscountedprice，theRoombai7＋isstillextremelyexpensive，thishandylittleguyisinaclassallitsownwhenitcomestorobotvacuums.Forstarters，itcanemptyitselfoutviaasecondarysuctionfeaturelocatedinitschargingbase.Thisuniquefunctionalityisabigpartofwhyitcostssomuchandwhyourtestersandonlinereviewersalikereallyloveit(youcanalsogetitwithoutthisfeaturerightnowwithyourpurchaseoftheregulari7，onsalefor$499.99—$200offits$699.99listprice)．Perfectforseniors，oranyonewhostrugglestovacuumhard-to-reachareas，thisroboticmachinemakesitsoyouneverhavetobenddownonyourhandsandkneestogetridofdirtordebrisfromthevacuum.Furthermore，whatsurprisedourtesterswasthattheRoombai7＋shouldpickup10gramsofdebris.Itactuallyscoredaperfect10inourlabtesting，whichisalmostunheardof.It’salsoasmartdevice，soyoucanconnectittoWi-FitocontrolitviaAlexaandGoogleHome.Evenbetter，youcanwatchasitcreatesamapofyourhome，allowingyoutotrackitsprogressorkeepitoutofspecificrooms.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章向我們介紹了一款最新的機(jī)器人真空吸塵器，這款吸塵器價(jià)格非常昂貴，即使搞活動打折也比同類產(chǎn)品貴，但是易操作，實(shí)用性強(qiáng)，尤其是適用于老人。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“grime”inparagraph1mean?A．Object. B．Food.C．Dirt. D．Water.答案C解析詞義猜測題。由畫線單詞前面的and可知，grime應(yīng)該與dust和hair為同義詞，意思也應(yīng)該是垃圾或灰塵。故選C。2．Howmuchisthisrobotvacuumifitdoesn’tdiscount?A．$300. B．$699.99.C．$499.99. D．$999.99.答案D解析推理判斷題。由第一段最后一句中的“rightnow，youcangetitonsalefor$300offitsusualprice”可知，現(xiàn)在搞活動期間購買可以在原價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上減去$300；再由第二段第一句“ThankstothisdealatBedBath&Beyond，youcangetthisrobotvacuumonsalefor$699.99—itslowestpriceofalltime.”可知，目前活動價(jià)是$699.99，因此加上優(yōu)惠的$300，原價(jià)應(yīng)該是$999.99，故選D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphmean?A．ThepriceoftheRoombai7＋istotallydifferentfromalltheothervacuumsofthesamekind.B．TheRoombai7＋islikealittleguyinaclass.C．Whenwerefertorobotvacuums，theRoombai7＋belongstotheguyofhisown.D．TheRoombai7＋istooexpensiveforthecustomerstobuy.答案A解析句意理解題。通過閱讀畫線句，分析其結(jié)構(gòu)，理解句意，再通過照應(yīng)上下文可知，theRoombai7＋的價(jià)格在同類產(chǎn)品中是獨(dú)一無二的，完全與眾不同，故選A。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“which”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．TheRoombai7＋.B．Ourlab.C．Itactuallyscoredaperfect10inourlabtesting.D．Thelabtesting.答案C解析代詞指代題。此處的which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子，所以此處的which是指“Itactuallyscoredaperfect10inourlabtesting”。故選C。BInFebruaryof1942，MexicanfarmerDionisioPulidothoughtheheardthundercomingfromhiscornfield.However，thesoundwasn’tcomingfromthesky.Thesourcewasalargesmokingbreaksendingoutgasandpushingoutrocks.ThisopeningwouldcometobeknownasthevolcanoParicutin，andoverthenext9years，itslavaandashwouldcoverover200squarekm.Butwheredidthisnewvolcanocomefrom，andwhatcauseditsunpredictableeruption?Oneofthemostcommoncausesofaneruptionisanincreaseinmagmastaticpressure.Magma(巖漿)containsvariouselementsandcompounds.Athighenoughconcentrations，compoundslikewaterorsulfur(硫)formhigh-pressuregasbubbles.Whentheseballsofgasreachthesurface，theycanburstwiththeforceofagunshot.Andwhenmillionsofbubblesexplode，theenergycansendashintotheair.Butbeforetheypoporburst，theyactlikebubblesofCO2inashakensoda.Notalleruptionsareduetorisingmagmastaticpressure—sometimestheweightoftherockabovecanbecomedangerouslylow.Landslidescanremovemassivequantitiesofrockfromatopamagmachamberorroom，droppingthepressureandinstantlytouchingoffaneruption.Thisprocessisknownas“unloading”andit’sbeenresponsiblefornumerouseruptions，includingthesuddenexplosionofMountSt.Helensin1980.Butunloadingcanalsohappenoverlongerperiodsoftimedueheatingiceormeltingglaciers.Infact，manygeologistsareworriedthatglacialmeltcausedbyclimatechangecouldincreasevolcanicactivity.Unfortunately，knowingwhatcauseseruptionsdoesn’tmakethemeasytopredict.WhilescientistscanroughlydeterminethestrengthandweightoftheEarth’scrust(地殼)，thedepthandheatofmagmachambersmakesmeasuringchangesinmagmastaticpressureverydifficult.Butvolcanologistsareconstantlyexploringnewtechnologytoovercomethisrockyfield.Advancesinthermalimaging(熱成像)haveallowedscientiststodetectundergroundhotspots.Spectrometerscananalyzegasesescapingmagma.Hopefully，thesetoolswillhelpusbetterunderstandthesegasbreaksandtheirexplosiveeruptions.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是火山爆發(fā)的原因。)5．Whydoestheauthormentionthestoryofafarmerinthefirstparagraph?A．Toshowthepowerofvolcanoeruption.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．TointroducethevolcanoParicutin.D．Toexplainthereason.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，第一段開頭提到一個(gè)農(nóng)民的故事是為了引出火山噴發(fā)的原因這個(gè)主題，故選B。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A．ThebubblesofCO2.B．Theashofthevolcano.C．Gasbubblesofcompounds.D．Theelementsofasoda.答案C解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句可知，they指的是水或硫這樣的化合物形成的高壓氣泡，即Gasbubblesofcompounds，故選C。7．WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheeruptionofMountSt.Helens?A．Landslidesshouldberesponsibleforitseruption.B．Itbegantoexplodeoveralongperiodoftime.C．Theprocessof“unloading”occurredafteritsexplosion.D．Theweightoftherockaboveitincreasedastocauseitseruption.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知，山體滑坡應(yīng)該對圣海倫斯火山的爆發(fā)負(fù)責(zé)。故選A。8．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Scientistscandeterminetheeruptionofvolcanoinadvance.B．ItisquitedifficulttomeasuretheweightoftheEarth’scrust.C．Spectrometerscanhelpscientiststodetectundergroundhotspots.D．Scientistsarepositiveaboutfurtherstudyofvolcanoeruption.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可推斷出，科學(xué)家們對火山爆發(fā)的進(jìn)一步研究持樂觀態(tài)度。故選D。強(qiáng)化練(九)詞句猜測題(1)AAletterwrittentoa12-year-oldgirlinLithuaniawasdeliveredinDecember，almost51yearsafteritwassentbyapenpalinPoland.“Ithoughtthatsomeonewasprankingme，”saidGenovefaKlonovskaafterbeinghandedtheletter，whichincludedahandmadecoloredroseandtwopaperdolls.Theletter，togetherwith17others，felloutofaventilationhole(通風(fēng)口)thissummer，dirtyandwrinkled，asawallwastakendowninaformerpostofficeonthesuburbofVilnius.JurgisVilnius，ownerofthebuildingimmediatelycalledthepostoffice.“I’msohappytheygotinterested，”hesaid.StreetnamesandtheirnumberinghavechangedinVilnius，andpostofficeworkersspentmonthslookingfortherighthousesandtalkingtocurrentrentersandneighbors，trackingdownwheretherecipientsmovedto.Onlyfivewerefound.Inseveralcaseschildrenoflaterecipientswerehandedalostletter.“Wefeltamoraldutytodothis，”saidDeimanteZebrauskaite，headofthecustomerexperiencedepartmentatLithuaniaPost.Oneladycomparedtheexperiencetoreceivingamessagefromabottlethrownintosea.Peoplewereemotional.“Somefelttheysawapartofdailylifeoftheirdeceasedparents，”Zebrauskaitesaid.InthelettertoKlonovska，sentfromKoezaryinPolandandstampedin1970，agirlnamedEwacomplainsbusesnolongerreachhervillage，soshehastowalkinminus23degreeCelsiuscold，andasksforpicturesofactors.Nowinher60s，KlonovskahasnomemoryofEwa.SheprobablywroteEwaafterfindingheraddressadvertisingforpenpalsinanewspaper，andtherelationshipceasedafterthelettergotundelivered.“Sogoodthattheletterdidn’tmattermuch.Thelosswasnotlife-changing，”saidKlonovska.“Whatiftheydeliveredalostletterfromasuitor(求婚者)tohislove，andtheirweddingneverhappened？”語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是今年夏天，維爾紐斯郊區(qū)的一家前郵局的一堵墻被拆掉時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了18封很久以前發(fā)出的信，郵局工作人員很負(fù)責(zé)任地花了數(shù)月時(shí)間尋找合適的收信人。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pranking”inparagraph1mean?A．Brightening. B．Embarrassing.C．Tricking. D．Pleasing.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句可知，立陶宛的Klonovska收到了51年前波蘭的筆友寄給她的信，由此推知當(dāng)她收到信時(shí)，她難以相信，甚至可能覺得有人捉弄她，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，畫線詞pranking的意思是“欺騙”，即Tricking，故選C。2．Whathappenedtothelettersinparagraph2?A．Theywereaccidentallyfound.B．Theyremainedwell-preserved.C．Theyweredeliveredbytheformerpostoffice.D．Theywerehiddenbytheownerofthebuilding.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，那些信是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選A。3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepresentpostofficeinVilnius?A．Generous. B．Dutiful.C．Honest. D．Cautious.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和第四段中的“Wefeltamoraldutytodothis”可推知，郵局不辭辛勞地尋找收信人，說明郵局是盡職的，即Dutiful，故選B。4．WhatcanwelearnfromwhatKlonovskasaid?A．Klonovskarefusedasuitor.B．Klonovskastoppedthewedding.C．Theundeliveredletterruinedtherelationship.D．Theundeliveredlettermadelittledifferencetoher.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Klonovska的話“Sogoodthattheletterdidn’tmattermuch.Thelosswasnotlife-changing”可知，那封未送達(dá)的信對Klonovska沒有什么太大的影響。故選D。BIn2010，BarackObamawastopayavisittoMumbai’sGandhiMuseum，wherepalm(棕櫚)treesfullofmedottedthegrounds.Thepresidentknewmewell—coconuts(椰子)areapartoflifeinIndonesia，wherehespenthisboyhood.Beforehisvisit，Indianauthorities，however，removedeverylastsignofmearoundthemuseum.TheywereafraidthepresidentoftheUnitedStateswouldbetakenoutbyoneofmefallingonhishead.Let’sgetthisoutoftheway：Myreputationasthe“killerfruit”ofcountlessinnocentswasthenandstillisamisbelief.Arepeatedlymisinterpreted1984studyoverstatedthenumberofdeathsIcausedbyhittingpeopleonthehead，andthewordspread.Today，theonlythingsaboutme“todiefor”arethesometimestoo-deliciousfoodsyouhumansmakewithme，suchascookiesandpies.Adecadeago，healthexpertsbrieflygavemeahalobecausesomeofmyfatsmayraisebeneficialcholesterol(膽固醇)．Butaskaheartdoctortodayandthey’lltellyouthatcoconutoilwillraiseyourbadcholesterolasmuch.Deathbycoconut，indeed!Peoplehaveotherwrongideasaboutme.Butallowmetoleaveyouwithasweetpresidentialtale.AWorldWarⅡboatcommandedbyoneJohnF．Kennedywasdestroyedin1943byaJapanesewarship.Kennedyandhissurvivingcrewwerestuckonanisland.Theyweresufferingfromhunger，thirstandinjurieswhentheymettwofriendlynativecoast-watchers.Kennedyscratchedamessageintoacoconutshell：“NAUROISL...COMMANDER...11ALIVE...NEEDSMALLBOAT...KENNEDY.”Thecoast-watchersdeliveredthissuccessfullyandallthecrewweresaved.Yearslater，thecoconutshellwasgiventothenewlyelectedpresident.Itsatonhisofficedeskthroughouthispresidencyandnowisacenter-pieceoftheJohnF．KennedyLibraryinBoston—astheproofthatwecoconutsdon’ttakelives，wesavethem.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了椰子作為一種被人們誤解的水果，其實(shí)大有用途。)5．WhydidIndianofficialsgetridof“me”？A．ToreduceObama’sfear.B．Toavoidunexpectedinjuries.C．Toshowtheirwelcometradition.D．TofollowtherequestfromtheUS.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，印度官員除去“我”是為了避免給奧巴馬總統(tǒng)造成意外傷害。故選B。6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordsinparagraph2?A．Thoughtlittleofme.B．Didgreatdamagetome.C．Mademewell-known.D．Broughtmeagoodname.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，椰子的名聲不好。再結(jié)合畫線句子可知，十年前，健康專家曾短暫地給“我”halo，因?yàn)椤拔摇钡囊恍┲究赡軙岣哂幸娴哪懝檀?。由此猜測，相對于以前的壞名聲，十年前健康專家給了“我”一個(gè)好名聲。givemeahalo意為“給我一個(gè)好名聲”。故選D。7．Howdoestheauthorsoundinthepassage?A．Amusing. B．Anxious.C．Concerned. D．Romantic.答案A解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章以第一人稱用椰子的口吻講述自己的故事，讓人聽起來很有趣。故選A。8．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toshowanewdiscovery.B．Tocorrectpeople’smisbelief.C．Totellthehistoryofcoconuts.D．Todescribeasuccessfulrescue.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第二段第一句和最后一段的“astheproofthatwecoconutsdon’ttakelives，wesavethem”可推知，本文的目的是為了糾正人們對椰子的誤解。故選B。CIfyou’veeverfeltarushofintenseemotion，thenyou’veprobablyalsoexperiencedthecrashthatcomeswhenthoseemotionsgraduallybecomelessstrong.Althoughweusuallythinkofexhaustion(精疲力竭)inphysicalterms，itcanalsobemental.Oneofthecontributorstomentalexhaustionishigh-intensityemotions.Toomanyofthesehigh-intensityemotions，whethertheyarepositiveornegative，canleadtoburnout.Psychologistsdivideemotionsintotwodimensions，whichincludehighandlowintensity，aswellaspositiveandnegative.High-intensitypositiveemotionsincludeexcitementorelation，whilelow-intensitypositiveemotionsincludecalmness，orcontentment.Whenitcomestonegativeemotions，high-intensityemotionsincludeanger，anxiety，andfear，whilelow-intensityemotionsincludesadness，boredom，andtiredness.It’seasytoseehowhigh-intensitynegativeemotionslikeangercanbeexhausting.Whatwedon’tthinkaboutasmuchisthefactthathigh-intensitypositiveemotionsarealsoexhausting，althoughinawaythatfeelsverydifferent.Excitement，evenwhenitisfun，involveswhatpsychologistscall“physiologicalarousal”—activationofoursympatheticsystem.High-intensitypositiveemotionsinvolvethesamephysiologicalarousalashigh-intensitynegativeemotions.Ourheartrateincreases，andoursweatglands(腺)activate.Becauseitactivatesthebody’sstressresponse，excitementcandepleteoursystemwhensustainedoverlongerperiods.Inotherwords，highintensity—whetherit’sfromnegativestatesorpositivestates—exhauststhebody.About15%－20%ofpeoplearethoughttobehighlysensitive.Astheycyclethroughthehighsandlowsoflife，theincreasedamountofintensityleavesthemmoreexhaustedthanothers.Thisisn’ttosaythatweshouldneverfeelintenseemotions.Emotionalvarietyisanessentialaspectoflife，onethataddsadepthandrichnessthatweneed.However，whatweneedtobemindfulofisbalance.Therewillbetheexcitingdays，aswellasthedayswhenstressandanxietyarewhatpushyouthroughthetoughtimes，butthereareother，lower-intensityemotionsthatwillserveuswellinmanyothersituations.語篇解讀本文是說明文。文章主要講述高強(qiáng)度情緒，無論是積極的還是消極的，都會使人精疲力竭。9．What’sthemainideaofparagraph2?A．Thefunctionsofemotions.B．Thedefinitionofemotions.C．Thecategoriesofemotions.D．Theexpressionofemotions.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，這一段主要講述情緒的分類。故選C。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Setoff. B．Buildup.C．Standfor. D．Burnout.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后一句可知，高強(qiáng)度的情緒會讓身體疲憊不堪。由此推知，deplete應(yīng)該是“使疲憊不堪”的意思，和D選項(xiàng)意思一致。故選D。11．Howcanwemanagethestressofhigh-intensityemotions?A．Enrichourdailylives.B．Avoidintenseemotions.C．Createemotionalbalance.D．Detectthecauseofanxiety.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前三句可知，我們可以通過創(chuàng)造情感平衡來解決高強(qiáng)度情感壓力。故選C。12．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhyPsychologistsAreMoreExhaustedB．HowHigh-intensityEmotionsWearUsoutC．WhyHigh-intensityNegativeEmotionsAreTiringD．HowPsychologistsExplaintheEffectsofEmotions答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段最后一句可知，這篇文章主要講述高強(qiáng)度情緒，無論是積極的還是消極的，都會導(dǎo)致人們精疲力竭。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“高度緊張的情緒如何讓我們疲憊不堪”，故選B。強(qiáng)化練(十)詞句猜測題(2)ACrewmembersofChina’sShenzhoumissionarescheduledtogivealivelectureonThursdayafternoonfromtheorbitingTiangongspacestationtostudentsaroundtheworld，theChinaMannedSpaceAgencysaidonMonday.Thethreetaikonauts—MajorGeneralZhaiZhigang，SeniorColonelWangYapingandSeniorColonelYeGuangfuwillshowviewershowtheyliveandworkinsidethespacestationandwillthencarryoutexperimentstodisplayinterestingphysicalphenomenainspacesuchas“disappearingbuoyancy”anda“waterball”．Theywillalsoanswerviewers’questionsattheendofthelivestreamedevent，theagencysaid.Theactivityisintendedtospreadknowledgeaboutmannedspaceflightsandigniteenthusiasmforscienceamongyoungpeople.Thetaikonauts“sincerelyinviteyoungviewerstoconductsimilarexperimentsalongwiththemtoobservethephysicaldisparitiesbetweenspaceandlandenvironmentstoexperiencethefunofexploration”，theagencysaid.Theagencysaidlastweekthatthelecture“willmarkthelaunchoftheTiangongClass，China’sfirstextraterrestriallectureseriestopopularizespacescience”．Itaddedthatsuchlectureswillbebasedonthecountry’smannedspaceflightsandwillbepresentedbytaikonauts.Featuringinteractiveteaching，theactivitieswillbemainlytargetedatyoungstersasthestudentsonthegroundwereabletocommunicatewiththethreetaikonautsinrealtimeduringtheclass.TheShenzhoumissionwaslaunchedonOct.16byaLongMarch2FcarrierrocketthatblastedofffromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterinnorthwesternChina’sGobiDesert，withthecrewsoonenteringtheTiangongstation.Theyarescheduledtospendsixmonthsworkinginthestation，makingitChina’slongestmannedspacemission.Theagencysaidthatasanationalspace-basedlaboratory，Tiangongisalsotaskedwithpromotingandpropagatingscienceandtechnologyknowledge.Theorbitingoutposthasabundant，uniqueeducationalresourcesandboastsadvantageswhenitcomestoencouragingthepublic，especiallyyoungpeopletoembracescienceandspaceexploration，itsaid.語篇解讀這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。中國載人航天局周一表示，周四下午，“神舟十三號”任務(wù)的機(jī)組人員將在天宮空間站為世界各地的學(xué)生進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場授課。文章介紹了授課的內(nèi)容、活動的目的以及重要意義。1．Howmanypartsdoesthelectureinclude?A．1. B．2.C．3. D．4.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，講課包括三個(gè)部分。故選C。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disparities”inparagraph3mean?A．Inequalities. B．Differences.C．Complications. D．Phenomena.答案B解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“betweenspaceandlandenvironmentstoexperiencethefunofexploration”可知，宇航員們“真誠地邀請年輕觀眾和他們一起進(jìn)行類似的實(shí)驗(yàn)，觀察太空和陸地環(huán)境的物理差異，體驗(yàn)探索的樂趣”，由此推知，畫線詞意思是“差異”。故選B。3．What’sthebiggestcharacteristicofthelecture?A．Hands-on.B．Student-oriented.C．Experiment-focused.D．Interactive.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句可知，這堂課最大的特點(diǎn)是互動性。故選D。4．Whichcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Tiangongcanbecomealong-termclassroominspace.B．Allthespace-basedexperimentscanbedoneonearth.C．TheShenzhoumannedspacemissionisChina’slongest.D．Thelectureisdesignedtosparkyouths’enthusiasmforscience.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可推知，“天宮”可以作為長期的太空教室。故選A。BWhenkidsmeltdowninthemiddleofacrowdedstoreorataholidaydinnerwithextendedfamily，itcanbeextremelyfrustrating.Butparentscanhelpkidslearnself-controlandteachthemhowtorespondwithoutjustactingonimpulse(沖動)．Teachingself-controlisoneofthemostimportantthingsthatparentscandofortheirkidsbecausetheseskillsaresomeofthemostimportantforsuccesslaterinlife.Bylearningself-control，kidscanmakeappropriatedecisionsandrespondtostressfulsituationsinwaysthatcanyieldpositiveoutcomes.Forexample，ifyousaythatyou’renotservingicecreamuntilafterdinner，yourchildmaycry，plead，orevenscreaminthehopethatyouwillgivein.Butwithself-control，yourchildcanunderstandthatatempertantrum(發(fā)脾氣)meansyou’lltakeawaytheicecreamforgoodandthatit’swisertowaitpatiently.Difficultasitmaybe，resisttheurgetoyellwhenyou’rediscipliningyourkids.Instead，bepersistentandmatteroffact.Duringachild’smeltdown，staycalmandexplainthatyelling，throwingatantrum，andslammingdoorsareunacceptablebehaviorsthathaveconsequences.Youractionswillshowthattantrumswon’tgetkidstheupperhand.Forexample，ifyourchildgetsupsetinthegrocerystoreafteryou’veexplainedwhyyouwon’tbuycandy，don’tgivein—thusdemonstratingthatthetantrumwasbothunacceptableandineffective.Also，considerspeakingtoyourchild’steachersaboutclassroomsettingsandappropriatebehaviorexpectations.Askifproblem-solvingistaughtordemonstratedinschool.Andmodelgoodself-controlyourself.Ifyou’reinanannoyedsituationinfrontofyourkids，tellthemwhyyou’refrustratedandthendiscusspotentialsolutionstotheproblem.Forexample，ifyou’vemisplacedyourkeys，insteadofgettingupset，tellyourkidsthekeysaremissingandthensearchforthemtogether.Iftheydon’tturnup，takethenextconstructivestep.Showthatgoodemotionalcontrolandproblem-solvingarethewaystodealwithadifficultsituation.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。主要講了對孩子而言培養(yǎng)自控力的重要性以及身為家長應(yīng)該怎么做。5．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A．Impulsiveresponsesleadtofrustration.B．Kids’meltingdownisacommonphenomenon.C．Parentsshouldhelpkidsmakedecisionsappropriately.D．Teachingkidsself-controlisamustfortheirfuturesuccess.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句可知，本段主要講述自控力對于孩子未來的成功很重要，故選D。6．Whatistheparents’bestattitudetowardsachild’smeltdown?A．Firmandfactual.B．Calmandtolerant.C．Cautiousandobjective.D．Annoyedanddisapproving.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知，家長需要堅(jiān)持教育孩子自控的重要性，此外，家長需要就事論事，從實(shí)際角度考慮，故選A。7．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinparagraph3?A．Emotionaloutburstisunexpectedbehaviors.B．Kidsshouldn’tberesponsiblefortheirbehaviorsalone.C．Temperlosswon’tgivethekidsapositionofadvantage.D．Tantrumsareineffectiveininterpersonalcommunications.答案C解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句和第五句可知，我們想要孩子知道的是，發(fā)脾氣是不可接受也是無效的。由此猜測，畫線句子意為“發(fā)脾氣對孩子沒有好處”。故選C。8．Whatmessageisconveyedinthelast