新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練高考題型組合練第3組組合練(七)閱讀理解主題練閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五 (含解析)

第三組人與社會(huì)(二)——?dú)v史、社會(huì)與文化常見話題詞匯：official，religious，moral，advocate，nationwide，administration，authority，rejection，rumor，spread，greeting，noble，pardon，departure，embarrassing，forbid，gossip，custom，reasonable，introduction，private，regard，acknowledge，aggressive，assistance，caution，preparation，accommodation，aeroplane，excuse，communicate，departure，civilization，agent，alternative，reputation，participate，festival，baggage，book，conductor，destination，insurance，guidance，firecracker，lantern，decorate，feast，gather，adventure，amusement，ceremony組合練(七)閱讀理解主題練閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThe14thNationalGamesheldinXi’anhastriggeredgreatinterest—notonlyinsportsandfitness，butalsointhehostcityitself.IfyouareplanningatourofXi’antakinglessthan3days，you’llwanttohitallthefollowinghighlights.TheTerracottaArmyTheTerracottaArmyisnotjustChina’spremierhistoricalattractionbutoneofthegreatestdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury，whichwasconstructedbyChina’sfirstemperorQinShiHuangoftheQinDynasty(221BCE－207BCE)．Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracottasoldiers，horses，andchariots(戰(zhàn)車)inbattleformation，showingtheemperor’sarmiesinfullsplendor.AncientCityWallXi’anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang，thefirstemperoroftheMingDynasty(1368－1644)asamilitarydefensesystem.Nowitisoneoftheoldestandbest-preservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark，dividingthecityintoinnerandouterareas.GiantWildGoosePagodaOneofChina’smostfamousBuddhistpagodas，theGiantWildGoosePagoda，wasbuiltintheTangDynasty(618－907)forthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.Oneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoresutras(經(jīng)文)broughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang.Itwasbuiltwithlayersofbricksandhasagrandstructureandappearance.ItisexemplaryoftraditionalChinesearchitecture.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumTheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzewarestopotteryfigures，goldandsilverwaresandwallpaintingsfromtheTangDynasty(618－907)tombs.Amongitspreciouscollections,18pieceshavebeenlistedasnationaltreasures.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)位于西安，具有歷史和文化價(jià)值的景點(diǎn)。)1．Whichofthefollowinghasthelongesthistory?A．TheTerracottaArmy.B．AncientCityWall.C．GiantWildGoosePagoda.D．ShaanxiHistoryMuseum.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheTerracottaArmy部分中“whichwasconstructedby...(221BCE－207BCE)”；AncientCityWall部分中“wasbuiltinthe14thcentury”；GiantWildGoosePagoda部分中“wasbuiltintheTangDynasty(618－907)”以及常識(shí)可知，建于秦朝的兵馬俑具有最長的歷史。故選A。2．WhatcanvisitorsseeinShaanxiHistoryMuseum?A．ChariotsdiscoveredinXi’an.B．SutrasbroughtfromIndiatoChina.C．RelicsunearthedinShaanxi.D．WallpaintingsfromtheQingDynastytombs.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ShaanxiHistoryMuseum部分中“TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.”可知，游客在陜西博物館可以看到陜西出土的文物。故選C。3．Whatdothefourattractionshaveincommon?A．Theyholdcollectionsofantiques.B．Theyareofhistoricalandculturalvalue.C．TheyrepresentthemodernspiritofXi’an.D．TheyareexamplesoftraditionalChinesearchitecture.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，這四個(gè)景點(diǎn)的建造時(shí)代和文化內(nèi)涵不同，但它們都具有極高的歷史和文化價(jià)值。故選B。BAhungrybadger(獾)searchingforfoodseemstohaveuncoveredwhatturnedouttobehundredsofRomancoinsinaSpanishcave，accordingtoanewstudy.Archaeologists(考古學(xué)家)firstdiscoveredseveralcoinslayingonthegroundattheentrancetoasmallcaveinthewoodlandsoutsideGradoinnorthernSpaininApril2021.Theresearcherssuspectthatthecoinswereunearthedbyabadgerfromanearbyden(獸窩)afteraheavysnowwhichmadeitharderforanimalstofindfood.Thehungrybadgerprobablygotintothecavelookingforfoodbutcameacrossthecoinsinstead.Afterfullyexploringthecave，researcherscollected209coinsdatingtobetweenthethirdandfifthcenturiesCE.“Todate，thisisthelargestamountofRomancoinsfoundinacaveinnorthernSpain，”theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Theydescribedthediscoveryasan“exceptionalfind”．Inthelate1930s，acollectionof14goldRomancoins，knownastheChapipitreasure，wasalsofoundinthesamewoodlands.Theresearchersbelievethatlocalpeoplemayhaveburiedtheircoinstokeepthemsafeduringaperiodofintensepoliticalinstabilityintheregion.Themostrecentcoininthenewly-discoveredGradocollectiondatestoCE430，whichwasaftertheSuebi—agroupofGermanicpeopleoriginallyfrommodern-dayGermanyandtheCzechRepublic—pushedtheRomansoutofSpaininCE409，accordingtoElPais.Theresearcherssuspectthatthenewly-discoveredcoinsarepartofavastertreasureandwillreturntothecaveforfurtherexplorationtolookformorecoinsandevidencethatthecavemayalsohavebeenthehomeofdisplacedRomanpeople.“Wewanttoknowifitwasaone-offhidingplace，oriftherewasagroupofhumanslivingthere，”leadresearcherAlfonsoFanjulPerazatoldElPais.語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了考古學(xué)家們?cè)谖靼嘌赖囊惶幎囱▋?nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了迄今為止數(shù)量最大的羅馬硬幣，這有可能是被一只覓食的獾首先發(fā)掘的。接下來，他們將返回洞穴進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的探索，希望有更多有價(jià)值的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)。4．Wheredidtheresearchersfindthefirstfewcoinsin2021?A．NearaSpanishcave.B．OnaSpanishplayground.C．Attheentrancetoawoodland.D．Inabadger’sden.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，2021年考古學(xué)家在西班牙境內(nèi)的一個(gè)洞穴附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾枚硬幣。故選A。5．Whatdotheresearchersthinkofthediscoveryin2021?A．It’sdangerous. B．It’stimely.C．It’smeaningless. D．It’sunusual.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，研究人員認(rèn)為這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是不尋常的。故選D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”refertoinparagraph4?A．TheRomans.B．Thecoins.C．Thewoodlands.D．Theresearchers.答案B解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段畫線詞所在句可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝寺癫赜矌攀菫榱耸褂矌鸥踩?，所以them指代句中的theircoins。故選B。7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Moreinformationmayberevealedbythecoins.B．TheancientRomanpeoplehadauniquelifestyle.C．Theresearchersdoubttheformerguessofthecoins.D．TheresearcherswillreturnthecoinstotheRomanpeople.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，這一段介紹了研究人員的推測和繼續(xù)研究的計(jì)劃，結(jié)合AlfonsoFanjulPeraza的話可知，此次發(fā)現(xiàn)的硬幣可能會(huì)帶來更多的信息。故選A。C(2022·河南濮陽一模)Foryoungpeoplewithautism(自閉癥)，growingintoadulthoodcanhaveitsownchallenges.Butstudentsatthenon-profiteducationalprogramExceptionalMindsprovethatautismcanalsomeanspecialtalents.MadelinePettiisanexampleofhowExceptionalMindshelpsstudentswithautismseekandreachtheirfullpotential.“IwanttheworldtoknowthatIlikedesigningthingsandExceptionalMindsisagreatplaceforme.”Madelineispartofanewwaveofdigitaleffectsartists.Sheisayoung，talentedstudentwhohasautism.SheislearningallabouttheentertainmentindustrywithExceptionalMinds,whichprovidesvocational(職業(yè)的)trainingforyoungadultswithautism.Madelinehasplayedvideogamessincethe4thgrade.Shehasalsoalwayslovedwatchinganimated(動(dòng)畫的)shows.Butshesaidshehadatorturoustimelearningintraditionalsettings.“IgetboredeasilywhenI’mjustsittingthereandpeoplearetalkingaroundme.I’mnotreallypersonallydevotedtothematerial.Whenyouarenotpersonallydevoted，youhavetoforceyourselftostayinthemomentandpayattention.Ifyoudon’thavethemotivationtoforceyourself，youareprettymuchgoingoffintoyourpersonalLaLaLand.”ExceptionalMindsprovidedtherightkindoflearningenvironmentforMadeline.Moreaction，lesstalking.Shesaid，“Ilikecomingherebecauseit’ssohands-on.Wegetshownexamplesorwewillfollowalongwiththedirections.Iguesswearedoingmore.”ErnieMerlanisanEMprogramdirector.Hesaid，“Theheartofourprogramisafull-timethree-yearvocationalprogramspecificallyfortheentertainmentindustry.Theprogramteachesthestudentsnotonlythetechnicalskillstheyneedbuttheworkreadinessskillstheyneedinordertogetajob.Sowefocusonhowtheylookandwhattheirattitudeis，andthenworkplaceconflictwhichweallhave.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章通過自閉癥患者M(jìn)adeline在非營利的教育項(xiàng)目ExceptionalMinds的學(xué)習(xí)情況及該項(xiàng)目的員工所說的話來介紹這一項(xiàng)目的教學(xué)方法和工作宗旨。8．WhatcanbeknownaboutMadelinePetti?A．Shesuffersfromgameaddiction.B．Shehasatalentfordigitaleffects.C．Sheisworkinginalocalindustry.D．Shedislikesdesigningthingsnow.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Madelineispartofanewwaveofdigitaleffectsartists.Sheisayoung，talentedstudentwhohasautism.”可知，MadelinePetti在數(shù)字特效方面是有天賦的。故選B。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torturous”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Hard. B．Normal.C．Long. D．Devoted.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“IgetboredeasilywhenI’mjustsittingthereandpeoplearetalkingaroundme.”可知，Madeline對(duì)于周圍的談?wù)撀暼菀赘械絽挓?，而傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境就是這樣的，可推斷對(duì)于Madeline而言，在傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)是艱難的，所以畫線詞的意思與hard“艱難的，煎熬的”最為接近。故選A。10．HowisExceptionalMindsdifferentfromtraditionalprograms?A．Itisaboutentertainment.B．Itfocusesmoreonaction.C．Itisdesignedforchildren.D．Itisaimedatactivetalks.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句可知，ExceptionalMinds與傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的不同之處在于它更注重行動(dòng)而非言語。故選B。11．WhyareErnieMerlan’swordsmentioned?A．Toshowthebenefitsofhisjob.B．Totelltheprogram’schallenges.C．Tofurtherintroducetheprogram.D．Tostresstheinfluenceofattitude.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，ErnieMerlan介紹了ExceptionalMinds項(xiàng)目的核心宗旨，由此可推斷，提及他的話是為了進(jìn)一步介紹這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C。D(2022·河南中原名校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)IfyouaskpeopletonametheonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage，youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”，“SamuelJohnson”，and“Webster”，butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish—WilliamtheConqueror.Before1066，inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.InthewestcentralregionlivedtheWelsh，whospokeaCelticlanguage，andinthenorthlivedtheScots，whoselanguage，thoughnotthesameasWelsh，wasalsoCeltic.IntherestofthecountrylivedtheSaxons，actuallyamixtureofAnglos，Saxons，andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples，whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon(orOldEnglish)，aGermaniclanguage.Ifthisstateofaffairshadlasted，EnglishtodaywouldbeclosetoGerman.Butthisstateofaffairsdidnotlast.In1066theNormansledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland.Foraboutacentury，F(xiàn)renchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.Asaresult，EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases，modernEnglishevenshowsadistinction(區(qū)別)betweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo-Saxoninitswords.Theyevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoods，meatinparticular，dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobecooked，whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming，whiletheupper-classNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.WhenAmericansvisitEuropeforthefirsttime，theyusuallyfindGermanymore“foreign”thanFrancebecausetheGermantheyseeonsignsandadvertisementsseemsmuchmoredifferentfromEnglishthanFrenchdoes.FewrealizethattheEnglishlanguageisactuallyGermanicinitsbeginningandthattheFrenchinfluencesarealltheresultofoneman’sambition.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。沒有人對(duì)英語的影響力能夠超過征服者威廉。由于威廉的雄心，使得法語成為對(duì)英語影響最深的語言。12．ThetwomajorlanguagesspokeninwhatisnowcalledGreatBritainbefore1066were.A．WelshandScottishB．NordicandGermanicC．CelticandOldEnglishD．Anglo-SaxonandGermanic答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句可知，1066年以前，大不列顛的兩大語言分支為凱爾特語和古英語。故選C。13．Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsare，byinference，rootedinFrench?A．President，lawyer，beef.B．President，bread，water.C．Bread，field，sheep.D．Folk，field，cow.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句和最后一句可知，英語中有關(guān)政治、法律以及在家中烹飪的食物(尤其是肉類)的單詞最可能來源于法語。故選A。14．WhydoesFranceappearlessforeignthanGermanytoAmericansontheirfirstvisittoEurope?A．MostadvertisementsinFranceappearinEnglish.B．TheyknowlittleofthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.C．ManyFrenchwordsaresimilartoEnglishones.D．TheyknowFrenchbetterthanGerman.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，標(biāo)語和廣告上的許多法語詞匯和英語很像，所以對(duì)第一次到歐洲的美國人來說，法國不像德國那么陌生。故選C。15．Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A．ThehistoryofGreatBritain.B．ThesimilaritybetweenEnglishandFrench.C．TheruleofEnglandbyWilliamtheConqueror.D．TheFrenchinfluencesontheEnglishlanguage.答案D解析主旨大意題。文章開篇即拋出問題：誰對(duì)英語的影響最大，接著給出答案：征服者威廉?？梢娢恼录磳⒂懻摰膯栴}就是他對(duì)英語的影響。接下來，作者介紹了1066年以前的英國語言由兩大派系組成，而之后由于威廉的雄心，使得法語成為對(duì)英語影響頗深的語言。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Teaiscurrentlytheworld’smostpopulardrink，onlyafterwater.However，therewasatimewhenteawasknownonlytotheChinese.1Andhowdiditgettoconquertheworldtotheextentthatpeopleoftendescribesomethingtheyreallylikeastheir“cupoftea”？WhileweknowthatteadrinkstartedinChina，itstrueoriginremainssomethingofamystery.Legendhasitthatabout5,000yearsago，Shennongcameacrossteawhendriedleavesblewintoapotofboilingwater.Followinghisdiscovery，teawasusedasmedicine，includedinmealsandlaterofferedasarefreshingdrinktoofficialsandnoblemen.23Overtheyears，teadrinkingbecameanimportantpartofChina’srichculture.ThegreatTangpoetDuFudescribedhistea-drinkingexperienceinpoet