新高考英語二輪復習課時練高考題型組合練第6組組合練(十六)閱讀理解主題練閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五 (含解析)

第六組人與自然(二)——災害防范和宇宙探索常見話題詞匯：explore，spacecraft，spaceship，launch，satellite，transmit，leap，giant，orbit，spacewalk，dock，signal，float，solarsystem，facility，globe，fatal，analysis，desire，monitor，mystery，onboard，frontier，gravity，astronaut，rescue，victim，seriousness，shortage，typhoon，natural，universe，vehicle，rocket，intelligent，exploration，presence，surface，observation，measurement，planet，survive，existence，damage，breathe，struggle，remove，amazing，conscious，washaway，shelter，electricity，damage，destroy，government，plant，balance，trap，overcome，district，disaster，mission，experiment組合練(十六)閱讀理解主題練閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheBestNationalParkstoVisitinWinterWhilemostparkstendtodrawfamiliesinthesummerandfall，therearealsoidealspotsforadventurouswintertrips.YellowstoneNationalPark，WyomingThecountry’soldestandbest-knownnationalparktakesonanalmostotherworldlyatmosphereinwinter：theairfilledwithrollingsteam，thestrongcolorsofhotsprings，thesurroundingwhitelandscapes，letalonetheimpressivewildlifeduringthistime，likebison，wolves，andplayfulredfoxes.Justbookaguidedhikingtourtogetaranger’sperspectiveontheparkandlocalpeople.JoshuaTreeNationalPark，CaliforniaWithitsgiantredrocksanduniquetrees，you’llfeellikesteppingontoaforeignplanetasyouspendhourshikingthePanoramaLooporMazeLoop.TheparkisrecognizedasanInternationalDarkSkyPark，featuringvirtuallyzerolightpollutionandthecountry’sbestviewsofastarrysky.GrandCanyonNationalPark，ArizonaAsignificantlylowernumberofvisitorsinwintermeansyoucantakeinunblockedviewsoftheSouthRim，andgettoseetherarebeautyoftheGrandCanyondustedwithsnow.Forthoseadventurousanddaring，itisrecommendedtohiketheBrightAngelTrailandtakethechancetoseethecanyon’swintertimewildlife，includingmuledeer，elk，andbaldeagles.VirginIslandsNationalPark，St.JohnSurprise！Notallwintertimenationalparktripsneedtoinvolvesnow.VirginIslandsNationalParkismostfamousforitswhite-sandbeaches.Youcanalsohikeinlandtovisitoldsugarplantations，orventureouttothewatertoswimalongwithseaturtlesandmantarays.Youwilldefinitelyenjoyadifferentwinterhere.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了美國四個冬季最好的國家公園。)1．Whichparkwillonechooseifhe/sheisinterestedinstars?A．YellowstoneNationalPark.B．JoshuaTreeNationalPark.C．GrandCanyonNationalPark.D．VirginIslandsNationalPark.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據JoshuaTreeNationalPark，California部分中第二句可知，如果對星星感興趣，應該選擇JoshuaTreeNationalPark。故選B。2．WhatdoweknowabouttheGrandCanyonNationalPark?A．WecanhaveapoorviewoftheSouthRimthere.B．Itliesinanareawithrollingsteamandhotsprings.C．Thereisaslightdeclineinvisitornumbersinwinter.D．TheBrightAngelTrailischallengingincoldweather.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據GrandCanyonNationalPark，Arizona部分中第二句可知，在GrandCanyon國家公園，TheBrightAngelTrail在寒冷的天氣具有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D。3．Whichactivityismentionedinalloftheparks?A．Hiking. B．Skiing.C．Swimming. D．Hunting.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據YellowstoneNationalPark，Wyoming部分中最后一句、JoshuaTreeNationalPark，California部分中第一句、GrandCanyonNationalPark，Arizona部分中第二句和VirginIslandsNationalPark，St.John部分中第三句可知，所有的公園都提到了徒步旅行。故選A。BMorethanathirdofsmalltownsinGeorgialostpopulationinthelastyearalone，highlightingthechallengesofrevivingruralareas.Newcensus(人口普查)estimatesshowthatCamillafellbelow5,000residents.Sparksfellbelow2,000，andMilanfellto661residentsforalossof7%ofitspopulation.AllthreetownsareinSouthGeorgia.Manyoftheyoungpeopleinthesecommunitiesgraduatefromhighschoolanddon’tcomeback.“Theygotocollege，whatever，theydon’tcomeback，”saidDavidBridges，headofitsCenterforRuralProsperityandInnovationinTifton.Meanwhile，Georgia’scitiesaregrowing，havingnoproblemdrawingpeoplefromsmalltownsandothercities.Atlantagrewmorethan1%inthepastyearandisnownearingthehalf-million-residentmark.Thetrendofpeoplemovingfromruraltourbanareasishardlyanewone—it’sbeengoingonworldwideformorethanacentury.Butcontinuedpopulationlosseshaveraisedquestionsaboutwhetherruralareascandoanythingtoreversethetide.Ruralresidentscanfaceanumberofchallengesincludingaccesstogoodjobs，transportationandhealthcare.Manufacturingjobshavedriedupinmanyplaces，whilemodernizationandnewtechnologymeansfewerpeopleareneededforfarming.Andmanypeoplearedecidingtohavesmallerfamiliesthanwastypicalacenturyago.“Theoldergenerationisdying，theyoungergenerationismovingaway，andbecausethereareperceivedtobefewerbusinessopportunities，financialopportunities，etc.It’sverychallengingtogetinboundpopulation，”Bridgessaid.Demographers(人口學家)expecttheshiftfromruraltourbantocontinue.ButtherearesomebrightspotsinruralAmericastill.JacksonCountynearAthenswasrecentlynamedoneofthefastest-growingcountiesinthenationbytheCensusBureau.Amazonopenedalargefulfillmentcenterthereacoupleofyearsago.AndYoungHarris，neartheGeorgia-NorthCarolinaborder，hasgrownbymorethan80%since2010.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了美國小城鎮(zhèn)/農村地區(qū)人口流失的現象。)4．Whathappenedtothesmalltownsmentionedinparagraph1?A．Theirsizesgrewrapidly.B．Theirpopulationdeclined.C．Theydrewmoreresidents.D．Theyraisedchallengestolocals.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第一句可知，僅去年一年，佐治亞州就有超過三分之一的小城鎮(zhèn)人口流失，使得振興農村地區(qū)的挑戰(zhàn)更加明顯。由此可知，小城鎮(zhèn)出現了人口流失現象，即它們的人口減少了。故選B。5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“reversethetide”underlinedinparagraph4?A．Peoplemovefromruraltourbanareas.B．Smalltownsdrawpeoplefromcities.C．Ruralareasdeveloptheireconomyquickly.D．Populationcontinuetogrowinurbanareas.答案B解析詞義猜測題。第四段首句講了“農村人口轉移到城市”這一趨勢，reversethetide(扭轉這一趨勢)意味著在農村人口流失現象的前提下，人們采取措施阻止農村人口流失，去吸引在大城市的人回到農村/小城鎮(zhèn)，即人口從城市轉移到農村，故選B。6．WhyisDavidBridgesquoted?A．Tooffermoreevidence.B．Todrawaconclusion.C．Toshowhiscontribution.D．Togivepartofthereasons.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據第五段第一句和倒數第二段可知，Bridges的話佐證了農村人口流失和難以吸引外來人口去農村的原因。故選D。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．JacksonCountyisthebesttownintheUS.B．Ruraltownswillkeepgrowingtolargerones.C．Otherswillfollowtheleadofthesebrightspots.D．Therecanbemeasurestohelpruraltownsgrow.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，雖然農村人口流失仍在繼續(xù)，但有些農村地區(qū)的人口增加了。由此可知，采取一定的措施還是可以促進農村地區(qū)人口的增長的。故選D。C(2022·河南六市一模)Tomakeroomforagriculture，treesandotherplantsareoftenclearedawaysothatfarmershavespacetogrowcrops.Theclearingofforestsforcesmanyanimalsfromtheirhomes.Theyoftenfleetheareainsearchofanewplacetolivein.Thereisabigdownsidetothat.Someofthoseanimalsarenaturalpredators.Theycontrolpestpopulations.Theycanhelptoclearthefieldsofrats，mice，andotherrodentsthateatanddamagecrops.ThishappenedatonesmallfarmingvillageinIndonesia.Afterlandwasclearedforfarming，ratsandmicebeganappearinginlargenumbers.Villagerstriedtotargettheanimalsbysmokingthemoutandhuntingthem.Butthevillagerswereunsuccessful.So，onefarmerdecidedtotryanothermethod—anaturalone.PujoArtobroughtowlstohisfarm.Owls，afterall，areexpertsathuntingrodents.Itiswhattheydo.Anditworked！However，PujoArtodidn’tstopwithhisownfield.HesetupaNaturalPredatorProgram.Now，owlsarebusycatchingratsandmiceinthefieldsaroundthevillageofTlogoweru.Thereisahugeupside：noneedforchemicalpesticideswhichcanharmnotonlyrodents，butothercreatures.In2011，theIndonesianmanbegansettingupboxeswheretheowlslive.Heisalsoraisingowletsinthevillage.Afteraboutfourmonths，theyoungbirdsarereleased.Thesefacilitieshaveraisedmorethanowls.Theyhavealsoraisedawarenessinthecommunityabouttheimportanceofowls.Theyraisedawarenesswithintheircommunitybybuildinghomesforthoseowls.Atthesametime，governmentofficialshelpedtocreatelawstoprotectthoseowls.Inadditiontocontrollingpestsnaturally，thereisanotherupsidetotheprogram.Hisvillageisnowapopularstopforeco-tourists.Peopleinterestedinlearningmoreaboutowls，wildlifeprotectionandnaturalpestcontrolcometohisvillagetolearnmore.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了印度尼西亞一個村莊實施自然捕食者計劃，利用貓頭鷹消滅嚙齒類有害動物的故事，說明了生態(tài)控制有害動物或害蟲的好處。8．Whydidtheowlsgetawayfromthelandaroundthevillage?A．Therewasnofoodtoeat.B．Thereweretoomanyratsandmice.C．Theyweresmokedaway.D．Theyhadnoplacetolive.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第二、三句可知，為了發(fā)展農業(yè)人們砍伐樹木，森林的砍伐迫使貓頭鷹等許多動物離開家園，逃離這個地區(qū)去尋找新的居住地。故選D。9．NaturalPredatorProgramis.A．touseowlstocatchthecrop-damagingrodentsB．toattracteco-touriststothevillageC．toraiseawarenessofprotectingforestsD．tocontrolpestsbyusingchemicalpesticides答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“HesetupaNaturalPredatorProgram...aroundthevillageofTlogoweru.”可知，自然捕食者計劃指的是借助貓頭鷹來捕殺老鼠等破壞莊稼的嚙齒類有害動物，故選A。10．Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothepassage?a．introducingowlsb．pestsbeingcontrollednaturallyc．rodentsappearinginlargenumbersd．clearingforestsA．abcd B．bcdaC．dcab D．dabc答案C解析細節(jié)排序題。根據文章內容可知，為了發(fā)展農業(yè)人們砍伐樹木，導致嚙齒類有害動物猖獗破壞莊稼，于是引進嚙齒類有害動物的天敵貓頭鷹，使得害蟲被自然控制。根據發(fā)生的先后順序，故選C。11．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Theimportanceofprotectingowls.B．Indonesianvillageusesowlstoprotectcrops.C．Theadvantagesofusingnaturalpredatorsinagriculture.D．Thegovernment’sroleinusingowlstocontrolpests.答案B解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了印度尼西亞一個村莊實施自然捕食者計劃，利用貓頭鷹消滅嚙齒類有害動物的故事，說明了生態(tài)控制有害動物或害蟲的好處。故選B。D(2022·安徽江淮十校聯考)Afteryoufinishyourfries，eattheketchuppacket.Whenyouaddyourpastatoboilingwater，putthebagintothepot，too.Iftheseinstructionssoundconfusingtoyou，it’sonlybecauseyouhaven’tyetheardofNotpla，aLondon-basedstartupcompanythatisdesigningaseaweed-basedreplacementforsingle-useplasticpackaging.NotpladesigndirectorKarlijnSibbelsaystheylooktonatureasinspirationfortheidealpackagingliketheskinonafruit.“Apeelwilleventuallybeusedasnutrientsbynature，anddisappearandbecomeapartofthecycle，”shesaid.AccordingtotheUN,9.15billiontonsofplastichasbeenproducedsincetheearly1950s，andabout60%hasbeenland-filledorabandonedoutdoors.Micro-plastics，whichareoftentheresultoflargerplasticsbreakingdown，pollutetheocean，theairandourbodies.Overthepastfewyears，therehasbeenagrowingmovementagainstsingle-useplasticsasmanyexpertshavearguedtheproductsareunnecessaryandharmful.IntheUS，someplaceshavetakenaction：NewYorkbannedmostplasticshoppingbags，andinMiamiBeach，plasticstrawshavebeenoutlawed.“Overseas，theEuropeanUnionputabroadbanonsingle-useplasticsintoeffectthissummer，”thegovernmentannouncedinAugust.“Notpla’sfounders，RodrigoGaroiaGonzálezandPierrePaslie，initiallylookedtoseaweedasthesolutiontotheworld’splasticproblembecauseitisabundant，growsquickly，doesn’tcompetewithlandcrops，”Sibbelexplained.Therearealsomanydifferentseaweedspecies，andtheycanbeharvestedorfarmed.Seaweeddoesn’tuseland;itdoesn’tusepesticides.Itcangrowintotheoceanandthesea，whereitactuallyhasalotofpositivebenefitssoitcancreatenewecosystemsforotherorganismstothrivein.“Astheyscaleup，Notpla’steamhopesseaweedcouldreplacesingle-useplasticinthesupplychainmorebroadly，”Sibbelsaid.Butwiththevolumeofplasticsusedaroundtheworld，sheunderstandstheenormity(巨大)ofsuchatask.“Idon’tthinkonematerialoronesolutionisgoingtosolveeverything，butwethinkthatseaweedreallytickstherightboxes，”shesaid.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。隨著塑料污染越來越嚴重，很多國家或地區(qū)已經采取措施應對。在倫敦，一家公司發(fā)明了以海草為原料的包裝，從源頭杜絕污染。12．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthefirstparagraph?A．Thetastyfoodmadefromseaweedsuchaspasta.B．Commonfunctionsofseaweed.C．ThefamouscompanycalledNotpla.D．Plasticpackagingmadefromseaweed.答案D解析段落大意題。根據第一段第三句可知，第一段主要介紹了由海草制成的塑料包裝。故選D。13．Whatcanbelearnedaboutplasticpollutionandsolutionsfromthepassage?A．Micro-plasticscanonlybefoundinthesea.B．Thesingle-useplasticsareconsideredavoidablebymanyexperts.C．Morethanhalfoftheplasticproducedhasbeenland-filled.D．TheEuropeanUnionandtheUShavecompletelystoppedusingsingle-useplastics.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據第二段第三句可推斷，專家認為一次性塑料的使用是可以避免的。故選B。14．Whichisnotthereasonforthecompany’sfoundersturningtoseaweed?A．Itispesticide-free.B．Itiseasilyaccessible.C．Itcangrowonland.D．Itcandogoodtotheocean.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“doesn’tcompetewithlandcrops”和“seaweeddoesn’tuseland”可知，海草不會生長在地面上。故選C。15．WhichwordbestdescribesKarlijnSibbel’sattitudetothefutureuseofseaweed?A．Optimistic. B．Uncertain.C．Negative. D．Worried.答案A解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據最后一段最后一句可推斷，她對此抱有樂觀的態(tài)度。故選A。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2022·河南許平汝聯盟聯考)Debrisflow(泥石流)isakindofdestructivegeologicaldisaster.JulytoAugustisthemostfrequentperiodofdebrisflowinChina.1，itcanincreasetheprobabilityofsurvivalinanemergency.Don’toverlookyoursurroundingswhilehiking.Payattentiontothesurroundingenvironmentandpayspecialattentiontowhetheryouhearthunder-likesoundfromthevalleyinthedistance.Ifyouhearit，youshouldraisethealarm.2.Don’tpanicandescapeinthedirectionofdebrisflow.Whenmeetingwithdebrisflow，staycalm.3.Ifthepathisperpendicular(垂直的)tothedirectionofdebrisflowandclimbstothehillsideonbothsides，thehigherthe