高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)專題13：閱讀理解微技能之詞義猜測(cè)（含解析）

?專題13閱讀理解微技能之詞義猜測(cè)題考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)精講【思維導(dǎo)圖】【詞義猜測(cè)題微技能】1．單詞或短語(yǔ)意義猜測(cè)詞匯量小是制約學(xué)生閱讀理解能力的一個(gè)重要因素。具體技巧如下：(1)根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語(yǔ)，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋，這就是判斷該詞或短語(yǔ)意義的主要依據(jù)。(2)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時(shí)后面緊跟一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，這時(shí)可利用同位關(guān)系對(duì)前面或后面的詞義或短語(yǔ)意義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。(3)根據(jù)同義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。當(dāng)詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或or時(shí)，其連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的或相反的，由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個(gè)生詞所屬的義域，進(jìn)而可推知其大致意思。(4)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。在英語(yǔ)中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴或在后面加后綴，從而構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞，乍看起來，這個(gè)詞可能是新詞，但掌握一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，就不難猜出它的詞義了。(5)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。在一篇文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果；同樣，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。(6)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。文章中的代詞it，that，this，he，him或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)還需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事。【典例剖析1】Ratherunsurprisingly,amassive77percentofthepeoplesurveyedadmittedtobeingobsessedwithregularlytakingselfies.Whatwasmoreinteresting,though,wasthefactthatanastonishing82percentofpeoplesaidthattheywouldratherseeotherselfiesonsocialmedia.Diefenbachcallsthisthe“selfiesparadox”:theideathatweliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople’sselfiesonline.41.Whatdoestheword“paradox”(paragraph5)mean?A.complicatedstatements B.contradictorystatementsC.constructivestatements D.complimentarystatements[解析]詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“theideathatweliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople’sselfiesonline.”可知，我們喜歡自拍，但不喜歡在網(wǎng)上看別人的自拍，這兩點(diǎn)是相互矛盾的，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“相互矛盾的說法”，故B項(xiàng)正確?！镜淅饰?】Takethemysteryofmigrationforexample.Scientistscan’treallyexplainwhymanyspeciesofbirdsmigrateintheautumneventhoughthetemperatureisstillsummery.Thebirdsjustseemtosnubthecomfortableweatherthattheyarehaving.Whenacertaintimecomes,theytravelsouthbythethousand.Inspringtime,theymigratenorthwardswhenthoughthereprobablyissnowstillcoveringthegroundwhentheyfinallyarrive.Somethingsaid“go”,andtheydid.37.Theunderlinedword“snub”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans________.A.fightB.ignoreC.symbolize D.criticize[解析]詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文Scientistscan’treallyexplainwhymanyspeciesofbirdsmigrateintheautumneventhoughthetemperatureisstillsummery.(科學(xué)家無法真正解釋為什么許多鳥類在秋天遷徙，即使溫度仍然是夏季。)可推斷劃線句Thebirdsjustseemtosnubthecomfortableweatherthattheyarehaving．句意：鳥兒似乎在忽視它們所擁有的舒適的天氣。結(jié)合下文Whenacertaintimecomes,theytravelsouthbythethousand.(當(dāng)某一時(shí)刻到來時(shí)，它們大批大批地向南旅行。)可知，候鳥不管天氣如何，只要到了某個(gè)時(shí)間就會(huì)遷徙，因此推斷劃線詞詞義為“忽視”，與ignore意思相近。故答案為B?！镜淅饰?】NervoussuspectslockedupinBritain'snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowcolouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrime,theblueonthewallmighttipthebalance.56.Theexpression“tipthebalance”inparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight_________.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalance.B.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourt.C.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimes.D.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours.[解析]詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)Nervoussuspects(嫌疑犯)lockedupinBritain'snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowcolouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrime,theblueonthewallmighttipthebalance可知，黃色和藍(lán)色是讓人放松心情的顏色，所以在坦白罪行的時(shí)候能夠緩解情緒，有利于罪行的交代，故選C。【典例剖析4】Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”57.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork. B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds. D.Provideadvice.[解析]詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線前句shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.和下面的一句話ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...可知，作者為了勸服這位家長(zhǎng)，舉了兩個(gè)例子。故可知，劃線句此處應(yīng)是“煽情”之意。故選B。2．句意猜測(cè)題句意猜測(cè)題要求考生通過閱讀文章理解句意，然后用合適的語(yǔ)句對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋性的描述。具體技巧如下：(1)返回原文，找到該句，對(duì)原句進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法和邏輯關(guān)系的準(zhǔn)確分析。對(duì)于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的語(yǔ)境，其次對(duì)其在文章中的意思進(jìn)行合理的推斷，最后再歸納總結(jié)。(2)一般說來，正確選項(xiàng)的意思與原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英語(yǔ)詞匯或句式來表達(dá)的?！镜淅饰?】Breathtakingsceneryandfamoussightseverywhere.FromthelegendaryIslandofCapritothehauntingruinsofPompeii,andfromtheunforgettable“AmalfiDrive”tothedelightfulresortsofPositano,SorrentoandRavello,theareaisafeastfortheeyes!Shouldyouchoosetojoinus,weknowthatyouwillnotbedisappointed!62.Theunderlinedpart“theareaisafeastfortheeyes”inthepassagemeans__________.

A.theareaispleasingtotheeye

B.theareaisreallyunforgettableC.theareacatchesthetourists’eye

D.theareaiscrowdedwithtourists[解析]句子理解題。根據(jù)這一段中“Breathtaking

scenery

and

famous

sights

everywhere

.可猜測(cè)出the

areaisafeastfor

the

eyes的意思是“這個(gè)地方非常令人賞心悅目，故選A?！镜淅饰?】Londonresolvedtoliveafull，excitinglife．Heoncesaid，"Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor（流星），everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow，thanasleepyandpermanentplanet．"Eachday，hepushedhimself．OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter，nothingcouldstophim．Hisgoalwastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday．Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick．Ineighteenyears，thewriterpublishedfifty﹣onebooksandhundredsofarticles．Hewasthebest﹣sellingandhighest﹣paidauthorofhisday．Manypeoplealsoconsideredhimtobethebestwriter．WhiteFangandTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingintheAlaskanwilderness．ReaderscanenjoyJackLondon'senergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtimetheyopenoneofhisnovels．TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicatesthatJackLondon．A．isexpertatuniverse．B．a(chǎn)imshighandstrivetosucceed．C．isexcitedaboutlifeifthewildness．D．faceachoicebetweenlifeanddeath．[解析]句子理解。根據(jù)最后一段Heoncesaid，"Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor（流星），everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow，thanasleepyandpermanentplanet．"Eachday，hepushedhimself．他曾說："我寧愿成為一顆卓越的流星，我的每一個(gè)原子都在燦爛的光輝中，也不愿成為一個(gè)沉睡的、永恒的行星．"每天，他都在鞭策自己．可知暗示JackLondon要制定高遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)奮斗到成功，故選B．_____真題演練真題演練[方法1]根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行猜測(cè)猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開上下文，所以可借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測(cè)?！镜淅?】SalvadorDali(1904～1989)wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist'sshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities(無限),“Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge，contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum－theatreinFigueras,”explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Artworks. B．Projects.C．Donations. D．Documents.[解析]根據(jù)最后一段可知，多家博物館通力合作，共同精選展出作品。文中提到像西班牙馬德里的博物館和圣彼德斯堡的博物館這樣的機(jī)構(gòu)也提供薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利的作品參加展覽。由此推測(cè)，contributions指“作品”。[答案]A[方法2]根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)英語(yǔ)文章中的代詞one，it，that，them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有時(shí)代詞與指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物。【典例2】YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka，butforthepast27years，thisassociation，foundedbyBillDrayton，hasfoughtpovertyandsickness，promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses，Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising“changemakers”seekingtosolveurgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.Draytonbelievesthatanyonecanbecomeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.Ifyouseeaproblemthatyoucareabout，youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy，healthy，contributingadult.Infact，itismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka，whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity，helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincomeforpoorpeoplethere.WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka'sstreets，attractingratsanddisease，theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost(把……制成堆肥)thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilisers(化肥)whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.Atfirst，theywererefused，butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobemade，theprojecttookoff.In2009saleswere$14,000.DraytonisoptimisticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious，practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3probablyrefersto“________”．A．thelocalfarmersB．MasqsoodandIftekharC．DraytonandhisteamD．thepoorpeopleinthecity[解析]考查代詞指代。在1995年，Masqsood和Iftekhar教城里的窮人把垃圾制成堆肥，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這些化肥會(huì)有市場(chǎng)。起初他們?cè)獾搅司芙^，但是當(dāng)他們使這些人信服這樣做有錢可賺時(shí)，這一項(xiàng)目得以實(shí)施。故畫線的them指代“thepoorpeopleinthecity”。[答案]D[方法3]根據(jù)同義或類比關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)當(dāng)詞語(yǔ)被并列連詞and，oraswellas所連接或詞語(yǔ)之間有justas，like，similarly等時(shí)，前后的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或相近的，由此可確定同等關(guān)系中的某個(gè)生詞或短語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意義。【典例3】[1]．..[2]．..[3]Somethingelse，however，hasbeenontherise.WhileGMseedsareexpensive，GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides(殺蟲劑)．Onthecontrary，USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.“Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butneitheristrue,”saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFamilyFarmCoalition....[解析]聯(lián)系上下文及boost所在句子的意思可知，其承諾是你能夠使用很少的化學(xué)物質(zhì)并且可以提高產(chǎn)量，本題的關(guān)鍵詞為and。[答案]D[方法4]根據(jù)定義或解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語(yǔ)，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋，這就是判斷該詞或短語(yǔ)意義的主要依據(jù)。此類由定義或解釋來猜測(cè)詞義的方法很多：①表示定義關(guān)系的常見信息詞有be，mean，represent，becalled/named，beconsidered，bedefinedas(被定義為)，beknownas，referto等；②表示同位關(guān)系的常見信息詞有thatis，thatistosay，inotherwords，namely，orrather(精確地說)等；③有些生詞會(huì)以破折號(hào)、括號(hào)、逗號(hào)、冒號(hào)等暗示讀者，解釋說明前面的詞?！镜淅?】[1]．..[2]Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal，usuallythemale，claimsasitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespeciesarewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyou，youmightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway....Whatisabird's“territory”？A．Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepted.B．Aplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsvoice.C．Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.D．Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.[解析]文章第二段首先提出什么是“territory”，緊跟著就是對(duì)“territory”的解釋，由定義可推知，這里“territory”指的是“鳥類的地盤”。[答案]D[方法5]根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)在一個(gè)句子或段落中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)兩種事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比的描述，考生可以利用這種關(guān)系猜詞悟義。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)主要有however，but，instead，despite，unlike，yet，while，whereas(反之，而，卻)，ratherthan，insteadof，inspiteof，onthecontrary，ontheotherhand，incontrast等?！镜淅?】Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers，heusedtwobuckets.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone，whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice，butwasnowpastitsbest.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?A．Dirty. B．Dark.C．Worn－out. D．Plain－looking.[解析]由“one...theother...”結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“oldanddilapidated”對(duì)應(yīng)前面的“shinyandnew”。由此可判斷dilapidated的意思應(yīng)與shinyandnew相反，即worn－out。[答案]C[方法6]根據(jù)舉例進(jìn)行猜測(cè)在一些閱讀材料中，為了闡明某一種重要觀點(diǎn)或者講清楚某一抽象概念，作者往往采取舉例的方式對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)或概念進(jìn)行具體的說明和解釋，從而使讀者理解得更具體些，而這些例子恰好為猜測(cè)詞義提供了重要線索。表示列舉關(guān)系的信息詞有l(wèi)ike，forexample，forinstance，suchas，include等?！镜淅?】...Inhisbook，hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints，suchasthemeltingoftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica...Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto“________”．A．freezingpoints B．burningpointsC．meltingpoints D．boilingpoints[解析]本題要求猜測(cè)tippingpoints的意思，根據(jù)下文的例子“suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica”可知，tippingpoints的意思為“融化點(diǎn)”，與C項(xiàng)同義。[答案]C[方法7]根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)在有些文章或段落中，兩種現(xiàn)象或兩個(gè)事物之間可能會(huì)構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，可以利用這種關(guān)系來猜測(cè)詞義?！镜淅?】[1]．..[2]Ofcourse，thegoodofoxenisnotlimitedtoplowing.Infact，theyareseenas“boatsonland”fortheirabilitytocarryloads.Besides，thewholebodyofanoxisfulloftreasures.Theirmeatandmilkarefoodfullofnutrition，andtheirskincanbeusedtomakeclothesandshoes.Withallthesequalities，oxenareregardedasgenerouscreatures....Thewords“boatsonland”underlinedinParagraph2referto________.A．a(chǎn)nimalsfortakinggoodsB．creaturesforpullingplowsC．treasuresofthefolkcultureD．toolsinthefarmingeconomy[解析]畫線部分后的fortheirabilitytocarryloads是對(duì)前面的解釋說明，由此可以很輕松地得到結(jié)果：牛被看作“陸地之舟”，是一種運(yùn)輸貨物的動(dòng)物。[答案]A[方法8]根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè)閱讀中常常會(huì)遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構(gòu)詞法對(duì)猜測(cè)詞義很有幫助。如：unforeseeable.這個(gè)詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根，fore是“先，前，預(yù)”的含義，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能預(yù)見到的”意思。1．根據(jù)前綴猜測(cè)詞義例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?根據(jù)詞根educational（教育的），結(jié)合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。2．根據(jù)后綴猜測(cè)詞義例如：It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint．后綴-ise/ize意思是＂使成為…；使…化＂，結(jié)合詞根commercial（商業(yè)的），不難猜出uncommercialized的意思是：＂未被商業(yè)化的＂。3．根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測(cè)詞義例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（別扭的）handpositions.Well-designed或許是個(gè)生詞，但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后，就能推測(cè)出其含義。它由well（好，優(yōu)秀）和design（設(shè)計(jì)）兩部分組成，合在一起便是＂設(shè)計(jì)精巧的＂意思。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethatcraft(手藝)nolongerexists.根據(jù)合成詞中的mass（大量的）和produce（生產(chǎn)），我們可以推測(cè)mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生產(chǎn)；規(guī)模生產(chǎn)＂的意思?！纠俊瑽akerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________________.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】運(yùn)用“構(gòu)詞法”進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。動(dòng)詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出”。再根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境，可猜測(cè)出其意義是：(實(shí)驗(yàn)的)結(jié)果。詞匯拓展1.合成法man-made handwriting copyright greenhouse all-round typewriterbreakthrough high-classblacklist one-way English-speaking2.派生法A.否定前綴un-（不）unimportant in-/im-/ir-/il-（不）impossibledis-（不）dislike mis-（不）misunderstandB.其他前綴re-（再）rebuild inter-（互）interchangepre-（前）preschool anti-（反）antifreezenon-（否）nonprofitC.名詞后綴-er（人）teacher -er（物）cooker-ician（人）physicianD.形容詞后綴-able（能）eatable -less（否）homelessE.動(dòng)詞后綴-en（使）widen -fy（使）satisfy-ize（使）modernize英語(yǔ)單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭(前綴)和詞尾(后綴)所組成的。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~的意義或改變?cè)~性。掌握前綴、后綴規(guī)律有助于理解詞義。如un－，im－，in－，dis－，il－等前綴與－less等后綴可構(gòu)成反義詞，后綴－ful，－ly，－ism，－ness等可改變?cè)~性。_____好題必好題必測(cè)2022年6月新高考I卷C篇WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin(開始)”含義相近。故選C。2022年6月新高考II卷B篇ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.”以及畫線詞后文“asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個(gè)講故事的新時(shí)代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識(shí)到它是新的。對(duì)他們來說，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。2022年1月浙江卷A篇Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危機(jī)）inthelate2000s．Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesher

wanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.AssoonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn'tworkinsummer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes,shegetsrestlessthesameoldwanderlustreturning.It'sacallshemusthandle

alone,though.Merebethsays,"WhenI'montheroad,I'mjustinmyownworld.I'vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImust

helpanimals."Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto_?A.makemoney.

B.tryvariousjobs.C.beclosetonature.

D.traveltodifferentplaces.【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第一段IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.

意思為：她很驕傲的說,這個(gè)工作帶她到了全美國(guó)除蒙大拿,華盛頓,俄勒岡以外的所有的州?？芍?，她很喜歡到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This

wanderlust

isinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.

遺傳自她的父親也喜歡探索新地方。故答案選D。2021年6月北京卷Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespecially

germane

inthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（簽署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe"ecologicalfootprint"concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,"itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,"Johnsonsaidinanemail.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"germane"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.【解析】本文介紹了在這個(gè)世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家仍然無法控制的流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的時(shí)刻，呼吁公眾參與不可思議的事情顯得尤為密切相關(guān)。作者同時(shí)也表達(dá)了對(duì)全球崩潰的認(rèn)識(shí)的擔(dān)憂。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)原文第三段"Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations."在這個(gè)世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家仍然無法控制的流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的時(shí)刻，呼吁公眾參與不可思議的事情顯得尤為密切相關(guān)?？芍?段中帶下劃線的單詞"germane"可能是"相關(guān)的"意思。A.scientific科學(xué)的；B.credible可信的；C.original原件的；D.relevant相關(guān)的。故選D。2021年6月新高考2卷B篇IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'd”（隨著它們的活動(dòng)越來越多，我們白天讓它們?cè)诜孔永镒杂苫顒?dòng)，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們會(huì)）以及后文“We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我們?cè)缟舷聵菚r(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們?cè)谝粋€(gè)大房間里，否則它們就會(huì)調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。_____題型組合練題型組合練1.【Z20名校聯(lián)盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄聯(lián)盟）2022-2023學(xué)年髙三第一次聯(lián)考】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出填入空白處最佳項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩處為多余選項(xiàng)。TheChinaStateCouncilissuedadocumentinearlyAugust,suggestingemployersacrossthecountrymakeflexibleworkingarrangementsandgivetheirworkersFridayafternoonsoffduringhotsummerdaysinordertoboosttourismandconsumption.OnlinesurveyshaveshownthatmostcorrespondentsareinfavoroftheStateCouncil’sproposalforlongerweekends,astwoandahalfdaysareenoughevenforonetoplanashortjourney.Peoplewillhavemoretimetobetogetherwiththeirfamilies.____36____However,therearedoubtsastowhetherthiswell-intentionedinitiativecanbeputintopractice.____37____Whiletheregulartwo-dayweekendisstilladreamforalargenumberofworkingpeopleinvariousindustries,atwo-and-half-dayweekendisreallyaluxurymanypeoplecanbarelyafford.____38____IfstaffworkersofgovernmentdepartmentsandpublicinstitutionsnolongerworkonFridayafternoons,localresidentswillhavenowheretogoiftheyhaveurgentissuestosolvethroughtheseestablishments.Obviously,theonlywayoutistoimplementpoliciesconcerningpaidannualleaveinarealisticmannersothattheworkingpeoplecanmakearrangementsfortheirdaysoffwork.Asaresult,holidaymakersdon’tneedtoallrushtothesamescenicspotsduringthesameperiodoftime,whichwouldbebeneficialtotheprotectionandoperationofthesespots.____39____Thusitservestheinitialpurposeofboostingeconomicgrowththroughdevelopingtourism.____40____Thegovernmentissupposedtopaymoreattentiontotheprotectionoflaborrightsandemployallpossiblemeanstoensuretheirholidaysaswellasthefunctionsofgovernmentinstitutions,insteadofjustmakingeconomicallymotivatedpolicies.A.Also,thisisaneffectivewaytoincreaseconsumerspending.B.Therightofworkerstorestandpaidannualleaveareprotectedunderthelaw.C.Alargernumberofworkers,ifnotall,willbenefitfromofficialholidayarrangements.D.Mostpeoplethinkthattheywillactuallynotbeabletoenjoythebenefitsofsuchascheme.E.Afterrestandrelaxation,employeeswillbecomemoreenergeticwhentheycomebacktowork.F.Anotherworryisthatthismeasurewillfinallybeexclusively(專有地)enjoyedbyalimitednumberofemployees.G.Aslongaspaidannualleaveremainsunrealisticinmostindustrialsectors,thetwo-and-half-dayweekends