高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧

閱讀體裁經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新，高考英語閱讀理解的選材特點(diǎn)、命題特點(diǎn)以及語篇的詞數(shù)都相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。閱讀理解文章的語言材料一般都是原汁原味的英語文章，即inEnglish,aboutEnglishcultures，countries，etc。材料涉及內(nèi)容廣，選材方面突出環(huán)保、人物傳記、社會(huì)風(fēng)俗、大眾科普、廣告、文學(xué)作品、時(shí)文報(bào)道等。（歷屆高考體裁）1.細(xì)節(jié)理解2.猜測(cè)詞義

3.推理判斷4.主旨大意題型及解題技巧細(xì)節(jié)理解考向一事實(shí)認(rèn)定類1．特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。2．判斷是非的形式。含有true/false，nottrue/false或ecept等的判斷是非的問題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。3．以“accordingto”開頭的提問形式。4．填空形式。常見問題形式有：totheany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/howoften,etc2Accordingtotheentioned4AllofthefollowingaretrueECEentionedecept…HooverDamlies______AbetweenArionaandNevadaBintheBlacCanyonCbetweenNewYorandSanFrancisco DbothAandBSample1ThishugedamisintheBlacCanyonItisonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetoThisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside……ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofa，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArionaandNevadaHooverDamlies______AbetweenArionaandNevadaBintheBlacCanyonCbetweenNewYorandSanFrancisco DbothAandBSample1Sample2WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueALuoLinisanativeofShanghaiBLuoLinmovedtoHongongwithhereMissAsiaMissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…BorninShanghaiandtaentoHongongwhenshewasonlysiyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsiaHerchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostessBeforeshetooonthstolearntheartofwalingonthestage,dancing,singing,maing-uanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStationSample2WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueALuoLinisanativeofShanghaiBLuoLinmovedtoHongongwithhereMissAsiamovedMissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…BorninShanghaiandtaentoHongongwhenshewasonlysiyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsiaHerchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostessBeforeshetooonthstolearntheartofwalingonthestage,dancing,singing,maing-uanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStationtaenAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsisA．greenhousegasemissions散發(fā)inindustrialiednationsB．highersurfacewaterteming D．risingsealevelsSample3…reberoffiercestormsintheanyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstormsconnecttoAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsisA．greenhousegasemissions散發(fā)inindustrialiednationsB．highersurfacewaterteming D．risingsealevelsSample3LauissionsB．signanagreementwithTuvaluC．a(chǎn)llowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSDbelievethesfacingTuvaluwererealSample4Lauentcallingforindustrialiednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions,whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytaenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluantolivethere,”LaupepatoldtheBBCLauissionsB．signanagreementwithTuvaluC．a(chǎn)llowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSDbelievethesfacingTuvaluwererealSample4故意用與原文中一模一樣的詞來迷惑考生JacLondon’slastdayswere______

AusualonesBnotpooronesCrichonesDunhappyonesSample5JacLondonwasafamousAmericanwriterHeburnedhimselfoutwhenhewas40Hethoughtofhismother,Flora,whohadneverbeenaveryresinglieherAtlasthebecametootiredtocareHewouldnotworandcontinuedtosoneyhedidnothaveHewouldnotchangehislife,orhiswriting,perhapshecouldnotJacLondon’slastdayswere______

AusualonesBnotpooronesCrichonesDunhappyonesSample5考向二數(shù)字計(jì)算類數(shù)字計(jì)算題可涉及年代、人物年齡、需付錢數(shù)等方面的數(shù)字計(jì)算。Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaiatoA$5,250B$8,000C$9,000D$11,000Sample6TuitionFees學(xué)費(fèi)

Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdemodation住宿

Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneation:acc@waiato．a(chǎn)c．n$5000學(xué)費(fèi)$100住宿費(fèi)12months$150生活費(fèi)12=$8000．Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaiatoA$5,250B$8,000C$9,000D$11,000Sample6考向三順序排列類排列順序類細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查形式是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí)，然后要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序。WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshobMaeashoppinglistcFindthethingsyouwantdGotoaself-checoutstandAabdc BbacdCacbdDbcadSample7aetheirshoercardtostartasystem系統(tǒng)thatwillorganiethetrialist,andamaWhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshobMaeashoppinglistcFindthethingsyouwantdGotoaself-checoutstandAabdc BbacdCacbdDbcadSample7主旨大意考查考生加工與濃縮信息的能力如何做主旨大意題做此類題目時(shí)，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。1標(biāo)題類常見的題型:besttitle/headlineforthisightbe____tetpassagecouldbeentitledisthebesttitleforthepassageofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage題干表現(xiàn)形式1Thispassagechieflydealswith____2What’sthetopicofthearticle3Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetet4Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned2：大意類（文章和段落）常見題型Theauthor’smaineantto_____Thepurposeofthisarticleis_______3：目的類常見題型主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式A文首提出主題,隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想最常見的演繹法寫作方式。samoingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealthEentsshowthatcigarettesmoingcancausecancerBesidesthemostseriousandterriblediseaseillness,cancer,cigarettesmoingalsocancauseotherhealthsForeamoer’scough”Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmoerstocatchcoldsWhetheryougetanunimoingisharmfulIsitworthitThealStoriesabouttheongthemostandinoogiftshopsSample2Sample3TodaytheemoreandmoreseriousTheworldetoocrowdedWeareusinguetimeweareentwithdangerouschemicalsIfwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurviveB文尾在表述細(xì)節(jié)后,歸納要點(diǎn),印象,結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式。samoreguiltythantheinnocentOntheotherhand,nobodymayloomoreinnocentthanainalAndthemanwhonows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweanessSo,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearancesamestudentseactlywhattodoOthersocraticdiscussiontyethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展。samentwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTVOnly＄79TwodayssaleHu--rry”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuyYoumaydiscoverthattheyaresoldoutButtheshoodelAmuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreeethodCBuyerBewareDTVOnSaledetaildetaildetailsamodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarsituationsFindingsomethinginthebacofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacampfirehasbeenout無主題句即主題句隱含在全文中,沒有明確的主題句必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。samstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofwithanecellentlegalbacgroundHeisiami,Florida

Themainideaofthis,whohadstudiedatovedtoanotheruniversity

BTombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege

CTomwasanecellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity

DTomreceivedanecellenteducationdetaildetaildetailTypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicInformationwordsAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceforeample……so,therefore,……特別注意：文章中的but,however,asaresult,therefore等詞。它們通常是引出中心主旨的方向詞。而foreample,first,ortobeginwith等是引出細(xì)節(jié)的信息詞，在它們之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。ET2003Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence自信心,accordingtoIntermountainTheraalsITAinSaltLaeCityThegrouinthecountrytousedogstohelitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowyron,managerofthechildren’sdeentLastNovemberthetwogrouentofthemainlibraryAbout25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhourThosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“wassosuccessfulthatthelibraryanager

EamHowtogetthemainideaofapassageET2003Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence自信心,accordingtoIntermountainTheraalsITAinSaltLaeCityThegrouinthecountrytousedogstohelitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowyron,managerofthechildren’sdeentLastNovemberthetwogrouentofthemainlibraryAbout25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhourThosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“wassosuccessfulthatthelibraryanager

Eam59WhatismainlydiscussedinthetetAChildren’sreadingdifficultiesBAdvantagesofraisingdogsCServiceinadetailsParagraphideasPassageidea猜測(cè)詞義詞義猜測(cè)題著重考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的能力，這也是一個(gè)從“已知”得出“未知”的過程，即利用上下文的已知部分尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子進(jìn)行推理，有時(shí)還需要依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測(cè)詞義。QuestionForm1Theword“…”inLine…means/canbebestretheeaningto…1Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelasteans“__________”．3Theword“it/they”inthelastsentencerefersto“__________”．4Whatdoestheean5Theunderlinedword“__________”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby“__________”．根據(jù)解釋確定詞義技巧11Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother2Theotherquestionedtheveracity--–thetruthfulnessofthesereports社會(huì)流動(dòng)性真實(shí)性3Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsuilartrics堅(jiān)決的變戲法者根據(jù)對(duì)比確定詞義技巧2IntheedtoruninanorderlywayNow,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil一片混亂根據(jù)邏輯確定詞義技巧3Ifyouarecaingtogettired,thenyouareindefatigable不知疲倦的根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義技巧4Theunderlinedoeans___AcleaningupBtainginCwipingoutDgivingoutRainforestslietheAmaonareimotheatmosingCurrentlythetreesintheAmaontaeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUeachyear根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義技巧4Theunderlinedoeans___

AcleaningupBtainginCwipingoutDgivingout利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義技巧5利用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞猜測(cè)詞義技巧61Theoffsates2ThereisastacofrGreen’sdes．A．itureD．pileTrytodothefollowingeercises:根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)各題中劃線詞的詞義3Beforeyoubuysomething，checthequalityfirst．Foreamightnotbegood．A．howgooditisB．whatthecolorisC．whatthesieisD．howbigitis4eyourreciaeittoo．A．a(chǎn)dishB．directionsforcooingC．a(chǎn)mealD．directionstoyourhouse5Beforeababylearnstowal,ithastocrawlonthefloor．A．walontwofeetB．flyC．sitinachairD．moveonthehandsandnees6MrBrownisanamateureheliestotaeoneyC．a(chǎn)sajobD．a(chǎn)swor7ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofinsie．AsmallB．landC．seaD．huge9TheiwilaysthelargesteggsintheworldThestrangethingabouttheiwiisthatitcannotfly．A·aindoffishB．a(chǎn)indofcatCaindofrocD．a(chǎn)indofbird10SomeAfricanscarvebeautifulhumanandanimalfiguresoutofwood．Theyselltheircarvingstostoresandmuseums．A．drawB．beatC．heatD．cut11Chicenfortable．Ahealthychildgetswellquicly．A．a(chǎn)indofanimalB．a(chǎn)indoffoodC．a(chǎn)indofchildhooddiseaseD．a(chǎn)lacofpurewater12Alishowedtheclassa,hiswife，andtheirbaby．ilyhaslivedintheeastofCanadafortwohundredyears．TheirancestorscamefromFrance．

AfamilymembersfromalongtimeagoBgrandilymembersalllivingatthesametime推理判斷1不選擇照抄原文的選項(xiàng)，要選擇要有同義詞解釋的選項(xiàng)。2不選事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)選項(xiàng)3不選非事實(shí)選項(xiàng)4選概括性/哲理性的選項(xiàng)技巧常見問題形式:1Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromtheeans_____4Wecanconcludethat_________5Whenthewritertalsabout,whathereallymeansisthat_____6Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage1Thewritertaledaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________AshewasyoungBitaaefriendswithherCshewasbeautifulDitstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________AshelivednearhishouseBheoftenwenttovisithermotherCshewantedtobefriendlywithhimDshelovedhimverymuchWhentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,IwasveryhaenearWhenIwaledover,sheased,”Areyousingle"“Why,yes"Ianswered,smilingatherhaymother"shesaid,“Wouldyoulietomeether"1Thewritertaledaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________AshewasyoungBitaaefriendswithherCshewasbeautifulDitstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________AshelivednearhishouseBheoftenwenttovisithermotherCshewantedtobefriendlywithhimDshelovedhimverymuchdoetalinwaterATomaeithardBTomaeitsoftCTomaeitcoolDTomaeitbrittle2Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldeetalCthesoftnessofthemetalDthetimingoftheoperationSample23Assuggestedbythetet,howcanglassbemadelessbrittleAItcanbeheatedandthencooledquiclyBItcanbecooledandthenheatedslowlyCItcanbeheatedandthencooledslowlyDItcanbecooledandthenheatedquiclyAnnealingisawayofmaingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowlyIfmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquicly,foreametalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreaaseasilyItisaemetalashardorassoftasitiswished,byannealingitThemetalisheated,andallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftimeThelongertheheatedmetaltaestocoolslowly,thesofteritbecomesAnnealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterial,suchasglassdoetalinwaterATomaeithardBTomaeitsoftCTomaeitcoolDTomaeitbrittle2Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldeetalCthesoftnessofthemetalDthetimingoftheoperationSample23Assuggestedbythetet,howcanglassbemadelessbrittleAItcanbeheatedandthencooledquiclyBItcanbecooledandthenheatedslowlyCItcanbeheatedandthencooledslowlyDItcanbecooledandthenheatedquicly觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度理解作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題：既考查學(xué)生對(duì)字面意思的理解，也考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者寫作目的、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等的理解。正確理解作者的寫作意圖，所持的觀點(diǎn)及闡述文章主題時(shí)語氣或他對(duì)所論述的對(duì)象的態(tài)度。---假如你是作者，你為什么要寫本文？此類考題的主要形式：writer’senandwomen50,000yearsfromnowinordertoshowthat_____辨認(rèn)三種作者使用的表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。注意：貶義：disgust,critical,negative,tolerant,disaent褒義:,admiring…中立:indifferent,imbivalent,neutral,apathetic,disinterested,

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AtolieBtobeindifferenttoCtodislieDtonowhowtodealwithegOneofthemostauthoritativevoicessthetelevisionscreenandtheradioloudseverytheroadsidebill-boardsalldayandflashestousincoloredlightsallnight根據(jù)文章作者用詞來判斷Theauthoraodernadvertising

AtolieBtobeindifferenttoCtodislieDtonowhowtodealwithegThewriterusestheeamemoredangerousBthedrivingconditionshaveimeasureforberofanimalsareilledinroadaccidentsMillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonUSroads,theFederalHighwayAdministrationreainreasonRoadillThewriterusestheeamemoredangerousBthedrivingconditionshaveimeasureforberofanimalsareilledinroadaccidents篇章結(jié)構(gòu)１．說明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)DescriptivewritingDefinitionIntroductionDescriptionEplanationConclusionExamplesComparisonClassification2議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupportingsentencesfactsexamplestheory論點(diǎn)論據(jù)結(jié)論3記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)NarrativewritingsStorypresentationEndingTimecluesInvertedtimecluessurprisinghumorous對(duì)文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解的考查方式:1問結(jié)構(gòu)１）HowisthetetorganiedAToples--conclusion2ThefirstentionedPeterJennings’deathinorderto______2問指代1Theword“everything”ineans____2Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto3問文章出處/前文／后續(xù)1Theostlielytobetaenfrom___2Theostlielyaostlielytobetaenfromthearticleentitled_____4Whatmaybetaledaboutbeforethefirstparagraph/afterthelastparagraph5Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss____

小試身手：61Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomaethetrimorethantwoyearstodosobyshiagellanwasfromber20,1519,heleftSenAftererica,theyreachedtheorethanoneyearVeryoftentheycouldnotseeaonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelacoffoodandfreshwaterManyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseasesTheyevenhadtoliveonsawdustFinallyinAagellangottotheenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOceanItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheyetheyreturnedtoSber21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied3Magellan’svoyageencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball

1Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomaethetrimorethantwoyearstodosobyshipMagellan’svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld2Magellanwasfromber20,1519,heleftSenAftererica,theyreachedtheorethanoneyearVeryoftentheycouldnotseeaonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelacoffoodandfreshwaterManyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseasesTheyevenhadtoliveonsawdustFinallyinAagellangottotheenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOceanItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheyetheyreturnedtoSber21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied1time2shipsandpeople3route4SufferingsanddifficultiesaLacoffoodandfreshwaterbHungeranddiseasescDeathsTheagellan’slongdifficultvoyage5success3Magellan’svoyageencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeballMagellan’svoyagedprovedtheearthisroundMagellan’smenwerethefirsttomaethetrimorethantwoyearstodosobyshiagellanwasfromber20,1519,heleftSenAftererica,theyreachedtheorethanoneyearVeryoftentheycouldnotseeaonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelacoffoodandfreshwaterManyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseasesTheyevenhadtoliveonsawdustFinallyinAagellangottotheenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOceanItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheyetheyreturnedtoSber21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddiedMagellan’svoyageencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeballagellan’svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworldagellan’slongdifficultvoyageagellan’svoyageprovedtheearthisroundMagellan’svoyage6Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomaethetrimorethantwoyearstodosobyshiagellanwasfromber20,1519,heleftSenAftererica,theyreachedtheorethanoneyearVeryoftentheycouldnotseeaonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelacoffoodandfreshwaterManyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseasesTheyevenhadtoliveonsawdustFinallyinAagellangottotheenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOceanItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheyetheyreturnedtoSber21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddiedMagellan’svoyageencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeballWhichofthefollowingdoyouthinisthebesttitleforthisagellan’sdeathBGoingAroundTheWorldCTheWorldIsRoundDMagellan’sVoyagetoonarrowtoonarrowtoobroadproper遵循四字原則:準(zhǔn)全新用精煉的語言概括出文章的中心思想要注意文章的內(nèi)涵和外延,把作者的觀點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出來要排除掉那些片面的選項(xiàng),選取包含文章的主要內(nèi)容及作者觀點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng),范圍不宜過大或過小所選擇的標(biāo)題要新穎,對(duì)讀者有吸引力,能激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣精應(yīng)試技巧1主題句的特點(diǎn)主題句所表達(dá)的意思具有概括性句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單明了,作者一般不會(huì)采用長(zhǎng)句或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子作為文章的主題句文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步解釋,說明,論證或擴(kuò)展一文首找主題句,提煉文章標(biāo)題

新聞報(bào)道,說明文,議論文二:文尾找主題句,提煉標(biāo)題或歸納大意議論文總--分--總?cè)?首尾呼應(yīng)展現(xiàn)主題句,瞻前顧后歸納大意四:整合每一段的主題句,歸納大意五:從段落中歸納要點(diǎn)抓大意有些文章或段落無明顯的主題句,只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題這就要求考生在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)或提供的線索來概括總結(jié)主旨大意2主題句的位置3選項(xiàng)分析正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,含有aany,difficult,way,necessity,necessary,importance等詞的選項(xiàng)一般是正確選項(xiàng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中往往有一個(gè)是正確選項(xiàng)那些概括全文,內(nèi)容全面,含義深刻,說明道理的選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng),而選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容片面,單一的內(nèi)容一般是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)以偏概全只是局部信息,或是一句沒有展開論述的話過于籠統(tǒng)即歸納的主題太泛,與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論述把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加與作者讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解無關(guān)信息,既在文章中沒有提到或找不到語言依據(jù)的信息從前面所述可知，查找主旨、標(biāo)題時(shí)，我們要學(xué)習(xí)識(shí)別文章中最基本,最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。例1：Choosethemostgeneralword

AchemistBphysicistCscientistDbiologist該問題要求找出最有概括力的詞。Cscientist符合題意,因?yàn)樗薱hemist,physicist和biologist,而A,B和D都指某一具體學(xué)科的科學(xué)家,不能概括其他詞。因此,scientist最具有概括性。例2：Choosethemostgeneralsentence

AThehotelofferscomentarycoffeefrom7to10amdaily

BTherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn

CThecoin-ohasanironingboard

DThereareanumberofetraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby-sittingA,C,D都是從不同的側(cè)面說明旅館的服務(wù)情況,相互間并無聯(lián)系。而B卻概括了A,C,D共性的東西,即：為什么旅客在這家旅館里有賓至如歸的感覺。因此,B符合題意。倘若在一段文章里包含了以上A,B,C,D幾條信息,那么B就是本段的中心思想。同樣,如果在一段文章中,作者分幾段來敘述幾方面的內(nèi)容,那這些段落所要說明的問題就是本文的中心思想。例3：ReadthefollowingandchoosethetitlethatbesteicineandSueanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoodsDemandreberoforegoodsthanwanted,thefallsOntheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesuanufacturersoregoodsatincreasedicand

CMoreGoods,LowerPricesDFewerGoods,HigherPricesSummaryofreadingcomprehension“閱讀理解”解題步驟的

兩種不同看法：1“先文后題”，即先讀短文后做題；2"先題后文"，即在閱讀短文之前先讀題，然后再帶著問題去讀短文。

Ⅰ關(guān)于“先文后題”，可按以下步驟進(jìn)行1若有標(biāo)題，一定要先審讀標(biāo)題。2快速閱讀，把握大意。3快速瀏覽問題，選擇答案。4帶著“疑題”跳讀短文。5做完題之后，是否復(fù)查，要視情況而定。Ⅱ運(yùn)用“先題后文”法時(shí)要注意：1先讀題時(shí)只能讀問題或題干，不讀問題后的選項(xiàng)。2讀題時(shí)要把問題記在心里，并帶著這些問題去閱讀短文。3在帶著問題讀短文時(shí)，對(duì)文中出現(xiàn)的那些與問題有關(guān)的詞句，用鉛筆作些記號(hào)，以便為下一步選擇作好準(zhǔn)備。4讀完短文之后，緊接著便選擇答案。閱讀的兩大壞習(xí)慣1閱讀時(shí)心、手、頭、口共用。2閱讀時(shí)強(qiáng)作語法分析。得分不高的主要問題1語言知識(shí)問題1詞匯量不達(dá)標(biāo),識(shí)記的單詞太少2語法基礎(chǔ)較差2背景知識(shí)問題3分析能力問題4心理因素問題有些學(xué)生在閱讀中因粗心大意而導(dǎo)致失誤。閱讀訓(xùn)練策略1強(qiáng)化