大題沖關(guān)秘笈-第6輯閱讀理解話題類（下）一生態(tài)環(huán)保類

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精 ＂人與自然和諧發(fā)展＂是時代的主題，生態(tài)環(huán)保的話題也越來越多地出現(xiàn)在新試題中.在命題方面有以下趨勢：1。題材：強調(diào)人與自然和諧發(fā)展.2。選材：關(guān)注人、自然的生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀和未來發(fā)展。3.命題：形式多樣，突出整體理解，合理推斷。生態(tài)環(huán)保類讀首句生態(tài)環(huán)保類文章段落清楚，先讀懂每段的首句以確保清楚文章的主要脈絡。后讀題讀題目來確認每題所在的段落。細讀文章找到所在段落后細讀文章來確定答案。Passage1（2016?北京C）CaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecovery CaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds，withwing—lengthofupto3meters。Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(鉛中毒)nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds. Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.＂Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon'tseethepowerlines,＂saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(電死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce。 Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea。Tallpoles，placedinlargetrainingareas，teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock。Beforethetrainingwasintroduced，66%ofset-freebirdsdiedofelectrocution。Thishasnowdroppedto18%。 Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith。Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead，theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead。Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney（腎）failureanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo，wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA，achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff。Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38％in2000to5。4%in2011. Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.＂Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,＂hesays.＂Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem。＂1.Californiacondorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey__________。 A。areactiveatnight B.hadtobebredinthewild C。arefoundonlyinCalifornia D.almostdiedoutinthe1980s2。Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare___________。 A。blockingcondors’journeyhome B.bigkillersofCaliforniacondors C.restplacesforcondorsatnight D.usedtokeepcondorsaway3。AccordingtoParagraph5，leadpoisoning___________. A。makescondorstoonervoustofly B.haslittleeffectoncondors’kidneys C.canhardlybegottenridoffromcondors’blood D.makesitdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirds4.Thispassageshowsthat________。 A。theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactory B。Rideout’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineering C。theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresults D。researchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblemPassage2(2016?江蘇C） ElNi?o，aSpanishtermfor＂theChristchild，＂wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas。ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround. Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997—98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby＄15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain。Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones。 ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters。 T Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎設施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods。Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.5。WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?oinParagraph1？ A。ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman。 B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld. C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas. D。Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.6.WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected？ A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall。 B。Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods. C.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses。 D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.7.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat__________。 A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction B。governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid C。victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensation D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst8.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage？ A。TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin. B。ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o。 C。ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o。 D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.Passage1 【文章大意】美國加利福尼亞州的禿鷲因為各種原因瀕臨滅絕,但在科研人員的幫助下，禿鷲的種群逐漸恢復生機。1.D【解析】考查推理判斷.文章沒有直接說美國加利福尼亞州禿鷲引起了研究人員的興趣，但是結(jié)合第一 段和下文的＂Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea＂可推斷,因為電線和鉛中毒,20世紀80年代 加利福尼亞州禿鷲瀕臨滅絕,因此它們引起了科研人員的興趣。2.B【解析】3。D【解析】考查細節(jié)理解.第五段講述了鉛中毒對禿鷲的危害:影響禿鷲的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)（A錯),影響禿鷲繁衍 后代的能力(D正確)，導致禿鷲腎衰竭（B錯）?？蒲腥藛T給禿鷲使用一種化學藥物，幫助它們排出了體內(nèi)的 鉛(C錯)。因此選D。4.C【解析】考查主旨大意。本文介紹了美國加州禿鷲瀕臨滅絕的原因以及科研人員為挽救禿鷲而開展的 研究工作。另外，文章的標題也直接表明了本文的主題：保護禿鷲的工作正讓禿鷲以令人驚訝的速度恢復 生機。因此選C。Passage2 【文章大意】厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生給全球帶來了巨大的影響,作者通過具體的數(shù)據(jù)呼吁人們做好防范和準備工作。5.D【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的＂ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthe western Pacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimesthe otherwayround＂可知,厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時會有洋流的變化,因此D項正確。6.C【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段中的＂RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance， than theylose＂可知,富裕的國家的收益大于損失，因此選擇C。7。A【解析】8。D【解析】考查寫作意圖.根據(jù)最后一段中的＂Sincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfrom disasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority＂可知,作者通過此文呼吁人們?yōu)槎?爾尼諾現(xiàn)象提前做準備，因此D項正確。Passage1(2016屆安徽蚌埠市第二中學高三12月月考) Asweallknow，millionsofpeopleworldwidecooktheirfoodoversmokyfireeveryday。Itisoftendifficulttofindwoodforthefire。Peoplewhodonothavewoodmustspendlargeamountsofmoneyoncookingfuel。However,thereisamucheasierwaytocookfoodusingenergyfromthesun. Solarcooker，orovens,havebeenusedforcenturies。ASwissscientistmadethefirstsolaroveninseventeensixty—seven。Today,peopleareusingsolarcookersinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Peopleusesolarovenstocookfoodandtoheatdrinkingwatertokillbacteriaandotherharmfulorganisms。 Therearethreekindsofsolarovens。Thefirstisaboxcooker.Itisdesignedwithaspecialwallthatshinesorreflectssunlightintothebox.Heatgetstrappedunderapieceofglassorplasticcoveringthetopofthecooker.Aboxoveniseffectiveforslowcookingoflargeamountsoffood. Thesecondkindofsolarovenisapanelcooker.Itincludesseveralflatwallsorpanelsthatdirectlyreflectthesun’slightontothefood.Thefoodisinsideaseparatecontainerofplasticorglassthattrapsheatenergy。Peoplecanbuildpanelcookersquicklyandwithveryfewsupplies。Theydonotcostmuch.InKenya，forexample,panelcookersarebeingmanufacturedforjusttwodollars。 Thethirdkindofsolarovenisaparaboliccooker。Ithasroundedwallsthataimsunlightdirectlyintothebottomoftheoven.Foodcooksquicklyinparabolicovens。However,thesecookersarehardtomake。Theymustbere—aimedoftentofollowthesun.Paraboliccookerscanalsocauseburnsandeyeinjuriesiftheyarenotusedcorrectly。 Youcanmakesolarovensfromboxesorheavypaper.Theywillnotcatchfire.Paperburnsattwohundredthirty-twodegreesCelsius。Asolarcookernevergetsthathot.Solarovenscookfoodatlowtemperaturesoverlongperiodsoftime.Thispermitspeopletoleavefoodtocookwhiletheydootherthings.1.Ifyouhavemuchfoodtocook，you’dbetterchoose________。 A.aboxcooker B.apanelcooker C。aparaboliccooker D.apapercooker2。Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethat________. A。panelcookeriseasytomake B.boxcookeriseasytomake C。boxcookeristhemosteffectiveoven D。panelcookeristhecheapestovenofthethree3。Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassage？ A.Toadvertisethesolarovens。 B。Tohelpreaderstosavecostonfuel。 C。Totellthereadershowtomakesolarovens。 D。Togivethereadersbriefintroductionofsolarovens.Passage2(2017屆北京市海淀區(qū)高三上學期期中統(tǒng)一考試）OldFossils ScientistshavefoundwhattheythinkisprobablytheoldestfossilonEarth,aremnantoflifefrom3.7billionyearsagowhenEarth’sskieswereorangeanditsoceansgreen。 InanewlymeltedpartofGreenland,Australianscientistsfoundtheleftoverstructurefromacommunityofmicrobes（微生物）thatlivedonanancientseafloor.Basedontheiranalysisofthefossils,theresearchersdeterminedthattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustralia,whichwere3.48billionyearsold. ScientistshadthoughtitwouldtakeatleasthalfabillionyearsforlifetoformafterthemoltenEarthstartedtocoolabit，butthisshowsitcouldhavehappenedquicker,hesaid。That’sbecausethenewlyfoundfossilisfartoocomplextohavedevelopedsoonaftertheplanet’sfirstlifeforms，hesaid. Inanoutcropofrocksthatusedtobecoveredwithiceandsnowwhichmeltedafteranexceptionallywarmspring,theAustralianteamfoundstromatolites（疊層石），whicharelayeredstructuresthatareoftenproducedbyacommunityofmicrobes.Thestromatoliteswereabout1to4centimetershigh. 鋯石 地質(zhì)巧合4。Theunderlinedwords＂gainedafoothold＂inParagraph3mean______。 A。continued B.changed C.increased D.Started5。WecanlearnfromParagraph4______. A.thefossilappearedsoonafterthebirthoftheearth B.thefossilformedsoonaftertheearth’sfirstlife C.lifeformedearlierthanthenewlyfoundfossil D.lifeappearedabouthalfabillionyearsago6.WhatisAbigailAllwood’sattitudetowardsthenewlyfoundfossil？ A.Neutral. B。Sceptical. C。Objective。 D.Supportive。7.Accordingtothepassage，______。 A。thepreviousfossilsareageologicquirk B。thepreviousfossilsaremadeupofstromatolites C.thenewlyfoundfossilscomefromWesternAustralia D。thenewlyfoundfossilshaveahistoryof3.7billionyearsPassage1 【文章大意】本文介紹了三種不同的太陽能灶及這些太陽能灶臺的特點及使用方法.1.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句Aboxoveniseffectiveforslowcookingoflargeamounts offood.可知aboxoven可以用來烹飪大量的食物。故A正確。2.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Peoplecanbuildpanelcookersquicklyandwithveryfewsupplies. 可知人們使用簡單的原料就可以迅速制成panelcookers。故A正確。3。D【解析】主旨大意題.本文屬于說明文，介紹了三種不同的太陽能灶及這些太陽能灶臺的特點及使用 方法。故D正確。Passage2 【語篇解析】文章介紹科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)距今37億年前的化石。4.D【解析】詞義猜測題.根據(jù)文章第三段的句子＂Itgivesusanideahowourplanetevolved＂這讓我們了解 星球是怎么形成的，下文是生命是怎么開始的?？芍ainedafoothold＂意為＂開始＂.故選D.5.C【解析】推理判斷題.根據(jù)第四段的句子＂thenewlyfoundfossilisfartoocomplextohavedevelopedsoon aftertheplanet'sfirstlifeforms,hesaid.＂可知，生命形成要早于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石.故選C。6。B【解析】7。D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的句子＂remnantoflifefrom3。7billionyearsago＂和第二段的句 子＂the researchersdeterminedthattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWestern Australia，whichwere3.48billionyearsold。＂可知,新發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石有37億年歷史。故選D.Passage1 Nuclearpower's(核能的）dangertohealth,safety，andevenlifeitselfcanbedescribedinoneword：radiation（輻射）。 Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysteryaboutit，partlybecauseitcannotbedetected(探測）byhumansenses。Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted，eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat。Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan’tdetectthem,sensethem，withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector。Butunlikecommonradiowaves，nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings。 Atveryhighlevels，radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingoutrightbykillingmassesofcells（細胞）inimportantorgans(器官）.Buteventhelowestlevelscandoseriousdamage。Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe。Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant，thedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledoutright。Yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged，andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinanunusualway。Theycangrowintocancer.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears. Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation。Seriousdamagecanbedonewithouttheknowledgeofthepersonatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanbeirradiated（放射治療)andfeelfine，thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult。Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytogetseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbedbyitsgrandparents. Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.1。Accordingtothepassage,thedangerofnuclearpowerliesin________。 A。nuclearmystery B.radiationdetection C。radiationlevel D.nuclearradiation2。Radiationcanleadtoseriousresultsevenatthelowestlevel________。 A.whenitkillsfewcells B。ifitdamagesfewcells C.thoughthedamagedcellscanrepairthemselves D。unlessthedamagedcellscanreproducethemselves3.Radiationcanhurtusinthewaythatitcan________. A。killlargenumbersofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediately B.damagecellswhichmaygrowintocanceryearslater C。affectthehealthygrowthofouryoungergeneration D.leadtoalloftheaboveresults4。Whichofthefollowingcanbebestinferredfromthepassage？ A。Theimportanceofprotectionfromradiationcannotbeoveremphasized(過分強調(diào)). B.Themysteryaboutradiationremainsunsolved. C.Cancerismainlycausedbyradiation。 D.Radiationcanhurtthosewhodonotknowaboutitsdanger.Passage2 NotallbodiesofwateraresoevidentlyaliveastheAtlanticOcean，anS—shapedbodyofwatercovering33millionsquaremiles。TheAtlantichas，inasense，replacedtheMediterraneanastheinlandseaofWesterncivilization.Unlikerealinlandseas,whichseemstrangelystill，theAtlanticisrichinoceanicliveliness.Itisperhapsnotsurprisingthatitsvitalityhasbeenmuchwrittenaboutbyancientpoets。 ＂StormatSea＂，ashortpoemwrittenaround700，isgenerallyregardedasoneofmankind’searliestartisticrepresentationsoftheAtlantic。 Whenthewindisfromthewest Allthewavesthatcannotrest Totheeastmustthunderon Wherethebrighttreeofthesun Isrootedintheocean'sbreast。 Asthepoemsuggests,theAtlanticisneverdeadanddull。Itisanoceanthatmoves，impressivelyandendlessly.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering,boiling，crashing，andwhistling。 ItiseasytoimaginetheAtlantictryingtodrawbreath—perhapsnotsonoticeablyoutinmid—ocean,butwhereitmeetsland,itswatersbathingupanddownasandybeach。Itmimics(模仿）nearlyperfectlythesteadybreathingofalivingcreature。Itisfilledwithsymbioticexistences,too；unimaginablequantitiesofcreatures,littleandlargealike，mixwithinitsdepthsinakindofoceanicharmony，givingtothewatersafeelingofheartbeat，akindofsub—oceanvitality。Andithasapsychology。Ithaspersonalities:sometimespeacefulandpleasant,onrareoccasionsroughandwild；alwaysitisstrongandstriking。5.Unlikerealinlandseas,theAtlanticOceanis________。 A.alwaysenergetic B.lackinginliveliness C.shapedlikeasquare D。favoredbyancientpoets6。Whatisthepurposeofusingthepoem＂StormatSea＂inthepassage？ A。Todescribethemovementofthewaves. B。Toshowthestrengthofthestorm。 C.Torepresentthepoweroftheocean. D.Toprovethevastnessofthesea。7。Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂symbiotic＂mean？ A.Livingtogether. B.Growingfast。 C.Movingharmoniously. D.Breathingpeacefully。8.Inthelastparagraph,theAtlanticiscomparedto________. A。abeautifulandpoeticplace B。afleshandbloodperson C.awonderfulworld D。alovelyanimalPassage1 【文章大意】文章介紹核輻射對人類和動物的危害，即便輻射較弱,也會危害健康，有的影響不是明顯的，但是人們可能多年后會死于癌癥，或會對后代產(chǎn)生影響，如果核輻射量大，會導致死亡。1。D【解