全國卷一高考英語真題詞匯知識點匯總

2016年全國卷一高考英語詞匯短語知識點匯總假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外貿(mào)公司兼職，已寫好申請書和個人簡歷（resume）。給外教MrJenkins寫信，請她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫【答案】DearMsJenkins,IamLiHua,IamwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyplanforthecomingsummervacationandIalsowantyoutodomeafavor.Inordertogetsomepracticalexperience,Iamplanningtotakeapart-timejobinaforeigncapitalcompany.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyapplicationandresume.ButthisisthefirsttimethatIhavewrittenanapplicationandthepersonalsresume,soIdon?tknowiftherearesomethingtopayattentionto.So,I?mwritingyoutheletter,hopingyoucangivemesomehelp.Iwillbeverygratefulifyoucandomethefavor.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.AndI?dbereallythankful.Yours,另外參考詞匯書信體，郵件的問候語Longtimenosee.1.Howareyou?2.Howhaveyoubeen?

3.How'severythinggoing？

4.How'sitgoing?5.Howarethingswithyou?寫信目的句式1.I'mwritingtoyoutopresentwhatIthinkaboutsth2.I'mwritingtoyoutotellyousomethingaboutsth暑假summervacationvacation假期vocation職業(yè)公司company/firmfirm做形容詞翻譯為堅固的capital首都/資本/大寫字母外貿(mào)公司foreigncapitalcompany/foreigntradecompanyapply應(yīng)用/申請coming/following接下來的做兼職takeapart-timejob實踐的practical幫助某人helpsb=dosbafavor=givesbahand打算做某事plantodo=intendtodo=meantodo時間的句式Itisthefirsttimethatsbhavedonesth是某人你一次做某事Itwasthefirsttimethatsbhaddone.sth是某人第一次做某事Itishightimesbdidsth/Itishightimesbshoulddosth是某人做某事的時間了放在作文最后一段號召性的句子givesbsomehelpgive=offer=provide=supplyhelp可換為adxvice/suggestions最后表示感謝Iwillbegrateful/thankfulif……=Iwillappreciateitif……寫信的結(jié)束語Lookforwardtoyourearlyreply.LookforwardtohearingfromyouBestwishes短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothat1live.Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.SomepeopleevenhadtowaitoutsideMyuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.【答案】1.that→where2.but去掉3.had→have4.honest→honesty5.or→and6.using→used7.becoming前加of8.the→a9.our→his10.stead→steadilythat改為where考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。介詞后面的賓語從句缺少狀語，根據(jù)句意判斷此處缺少地點，故將that改為where。but去掉在英語中有了though雖然，不用but但是【歸納總結(jié)】在英語中though、although、while或者as等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不和but連用；連詞because不和so連用；此外，return不和back連用。3.had→have考查動詞時態(tài)。文章是介紹現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。4.honest→honesty考查名詞。此處是指誠實是他成功的秘訣，用名詞形式。而形容詞honest意思是“誠實的”，是指人的性格特點。5.or→and考查連詞。根據(jù)句意判斷此處是表示并列關(guān)系，故把or改為and。6.using→used考查被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示被動含義，beusedfor“被用來去做”。7.becoming前加of考查介詞。固定短語:dreamof夢想做某事。8.the→a考查冠詞。固定短語：inashorttime在短時間內(nèi)。9.our→his考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知此處是指叔叔的生意，用his指代。10.stead→steadily考查副詞。根據(jù)句意可知此處grow是實意動詞，意思是“增長”，不是系動詞，故用副詞修飾。另外becrowdedwith集滿了……thekeytosth/doingsth……/做……的關(guān)鍵quality質(zhì)量quantity數(shù)量usedtodo過去常常做某事beused.todosth/beusedfordoingsth被用來做某事be/getusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事useup=runoutof用光dreamof/aboutsth/doingsth夢想著(做)某事inashortperiodof在很短的一段時間內(nèi)(固定搭配)Instead相反的前后表對比雖然although/though/eventhough/evenif/as/while都不能與but連用Although表雖然不用倒裝though表雖然可以倒裝也可以不倒裝as表雖然必須倒裝as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句倒裝有四種類型1.形容詞+as+主語+系動詞.如：Tiredasheis,heofferstohelpme.盡管他已經(jīng)很累了,他還是主動提出幫助我.2.名詞(不帶冠詞的名詞)+as+主語+系動詞.如：Studentasheis,hedoesnotstudyhard.他雖然是個學(xué)生,卻不努力學(xué)習(xí).3.副詞+as+主語+謂語部分.如：MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon’tthinkheactedwisely.我雖然崇拜他的勇氣,但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不明智的.56.A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedonD.setout57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver58.A.forbiddenB.readyC.askedD.free59.A.forcertainB.forconsiderationC.reportedD.checked60.A.patienceB.skillsC.effortsD.promise答案及解析:知識點：完型填空41-45.CDCBA46-50.BADCA51-55.DBDAC56-60.BBDAC試題分析：本文是一篇記敘文主要介紹了司機(jī)Larry在路上遇到著火的汽車，積極救人的故事。41.C考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中Larrypulledover……可知他沿著公路行駛。Travel“進(jìn)行”，故選C。42.D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)首句LarryworkswithTransportDrivers，Inc可知他是司機(jī)，由此推斷他應(yīng)該是在給客戶送完貨后回去的路上。43.C考查連詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)語境判斷當(dāng)他走近的時候，他又發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一輛汽車。as“當(dāng)…時候”44.B考查代詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)前句Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson,可知當(dāng)時有一輛開著亮燈的車，由此判斷他又發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛損毀的汽車。45.A考查名詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)第一段末句thefirewasputout可知當(dāng)時汽車是著火了。Flame火苗；smoke煙；water水；steam蒸汽。故選A。46.B考查形容詞詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)第二段中awomen’svoicecomingfromthewreckedvehicle，可知汽車是毀壞了的，used使用；disabled殘廢的；removed被移除了的；abandoned被遺棄的。故選B。47.A考查動詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句可知他下車滅火。Getholdof拿起；prepare準(zhǔn)備；takechargeof負(fù)責(zé)；control控制。故選A48.D考查動詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)andtoldLarryhehad48anemergencycall可知，那個司機(jī)走了過來和Larry說話。comedown下來；comethrough經(jīng)歷；comein進(jìn)來；comeover走過來。故選D。49.C考查動詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)下文可知這個司機(jī)打了電話報警。return歸還；receiveacall接到電話；makeacall打電話；confirm確認(rèn)。故選C。50.A考查副詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)語境判斷他們聽到車內(nèi)有人發(fā)出的聲音。Then那時；again再次；finally終于；even甚至。故選A。51.D考查動詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)上文可知汽車著火了，情況很危險，由此推斷Larry離汽車遠(yuǎn)，由此判斷走近了才看到車內(nèi)的那位女士。52.B考查形容詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)本段末句sheshouldnotmove可知，Larry讓這名女士不要動。Quiet安靜的；still不動的；away遠(yuǎn)離的；calm沉著的；故選B。53.D考查連詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句可以推斷這位受困的女士想從汽車?yán)锍鰜?，而Larry不讓她動，怕她傷到脖子，這兩句話之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。54.A考查動詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句內(nèi)容判斷這位婦女害怕汽車會爆炸。Explore爆炸；slipaway溜走；fallapart崩潰；crash墜毀，摔碎；故選A。55.C考查短語和介詞辨析及語境理解。Stepforward走上前去；backoff后退；moveon繼續(xù)；setout出發(fā)，根據(jù)上文可知Larry害怕她脖子會受傷，前后句之間是假設(shè)關(guān)系。56.B考查動詞短語辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句內(nèi)容可以推斷他們?yōu)榱瞬环恋K警察救人，都退到后面。57.B考查名詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)上文Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived可知是救援的警察趕到現(xiàn)場。故選B。58.D考查形容詞辨析及語境理解。根據(jù)后句可知警察讓他離開了，由此判斷Larry詢問警察他是否離去。59.A考查短語辨析及語境理解。forconsideration以供參考；report報道；check核實；60.C考查名詞辨析及語境理解。Patience耐心；skill技能；effort努力；promise承諾；故選C。根據(jù)從上文可知Larry努力挽救了別人的性命?！痉椒c撥】解答完形填空的三大策略詞語同現(xiàn)、詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)和邏輯推理是解答完形填空的三大策略，領(lǐng)會和掌握這三大策略對提高完形填空的解題速度和準(zhǔn)確率大有裨益。1.詞語同現(xiàn)。詞語同現(xiàn)是指意義上相關(guān)的詞匯出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中，構(gòu)成了以某一話題為中心的詞匯鏈，也有人稱之為語義場。比如Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived.52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm根據(jù)后文中sheshouldnotmove，可以判斷選B。2.詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)。詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)指某一個詞以原詞、同根詞、同義詞、反義詞(如wrong,notcorrect)、上義詞、下義詞等方式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇中，語篇中的句子通過這種復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系達(dá)到相互銜接。比如：Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingout…45.A.flamesB.smokeC.waterD.steam根據(jù)后句中thefirewasputout判斷選A。3.邏輯推理。在做完形填空時許多考生都會有這樣的經(jīng)歷，即使他們對選項當(dāng)中的每個詞的意思都非常清楚，但得分不高。因為完形填空考查的是一種綜合能力，不但是對詞匯的考查，而且對句子間和上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的推斷也是完形填空考查的重點。其中邏輯關(guān)系主要包括因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系等。另外transport運輸運送Inc.公司heroic英雄的deliver傳送發(fā)表colleague同事employer雇傭者employee被雇傭者vehicle車輛upsidedown翻轉(zhuǎn)旅行travel旅行長途的journey旅行長途的trip旅行短途的tour旅行觀光voyage航行(海上/太空)Ride旅行數(shù)詞+more+名詞=another+數(shù)詞+名詞再……個……see/hear/notice+sb+doingsth(正在做)/dosth(全過程)Flame火焰steam蒸汽pullover靠邊停車pull拉push推setthebrake踩剎車Inchargeof/takechargeof掌管著inthechargeof由……掌管使某人做某事make/let/havesbdosthget/force/drive/causesbtodosthemergency急救return=giveback歸還=comeback返回confirm證實approach靠近stay+adj保持……的Still仍舊/蒸餾器/靜止的，一動不動的personnel人員slipaway溜走crash墜毀fallapart崩潰hold握住/容納/舉辦getholdof拿出以供使用neck脖子lace帶子necklace項鏈Setout=setoff出發(fā)abandon遺棄forward上前forbid禁止prohibit禁止befreetodosth自由/隨意做某事forcertain確定的forconsideration以供考慮belokelytodosth可能做某事with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語,構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),賓語可以是名詞或是代詞,賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、副詞.且with后面的賓語與其后的賓語補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.形式一with+賓語+形容詞Heoftensleepswiththewindowsopen.他常開著窗睡覺.形式二with+賓語+副詞Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.他和衣躺在床上.形式三with+賓語+名詞Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl.他去世時,女兒還是個小學(xué)生.形式四with+賓語+介詞短語Shesaidgood-byewithtearsinhereyes.她含著眼淚說了聲再見.形式五with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.因為媽媽有病,我無法去度假.形式六with+賓語+過去分詞(短語)Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.整個下午他都鎖著門在房里工作.形式七with+賓語+不定式(短語)Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗這些衣服,我無法出去了.Secretcodes(密碼)keepmessagesprivate。Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”Spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample,Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,”bridge“mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.答案及解析:知識點：七選五36.D37.E38.G39.F40.A試題分析：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了密碼的設(shè)置方法和破解的方法。36.D根據(jù)后句內(nèi)容可以判斷該空應(yīng)該和密碼的破譯有關(guān)，故判斷D項內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯，可以承接上下文。37.E后面舉的例子是來真名人們設(shè)置密碼時往往會利用一些單詞的第一個字母來作為密碼，由此判斷E選項內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯。38.G根據(jù)后面的解釋內(nèi)容可以判斷這是介紹密碼設(shè)置的又一種方法，故判斷G選項符合語境。39.F根據(jù)后面的舉例以及前句中的acodebook可以判斷該句是介紹密碼書的使用，故判斷F選項可以起到承上啟下的作用。40.A根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折可知盡管利用密碼書可以破譯密碼，但是一本密碼書也不會使用很久的時間，故判斷A選項符合語境。【歸納總結(jié)】七選五閱讀填空考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。解題技巧如下：1.注重句式的對接，比如排比句，祈使句等；2.注重詞匯的銜接，也就是利用上下文所重復(fù)的關(guān)鍵詞，即詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)原則進(jìn)行判斷，其中包括同義詞，原詞和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)；3.注重舉例或解釋等。如第37題和第39題只需要利用forexample來進(jìn)行解題。另外七選五注意兩條技巧同義詞(上下句)就近原則(選項中的特定詞與上下句之間的特定詞保持一致)注意句子與句子之間的關(guān)系如總分分總Code代碼agency代理/機(jī)構(gòu)aslong.as=if只要symbol象征標(biāo)志standfor代表represent代表specific特定的具體的number數(shù)字/標(biāo)序號frequently頻繁地inorder按順序substitude替換phrase短語morethan的用法1.morethan后面跟名詞，意為“不只是，不僅僅是”。例如：Katewasmorethanateacher.Shealsodidwhatshecouldtotakecareofherpupils.凱特不僅僅是位教師，她還盡其所能照顧她的學(xué)生。morethan與數(shù)詞連用，意思是“多于，大于，超過”。例如：Ihaveknownhimformorethantwentyyears.我認(rèn)識他已經(jīng)超過20年了。3.morethan與形容詞和分詞連用，表示“非常、十分”。例如：Theyweremorethanhappytoseeuscomebackfromtheexpedition.看到我們遠(yuǎn)征而歸，他們異常高興。4.morethan與動詞連用，對動詞起著加強(qiáng)語氣的作用。例如：HisprogressinEnglishlearningmorethanencouragedhimtolearnthesubjectwell.在英語學(xué)習(xí)方面的進(jìn)步激勵他學(xué)好這門課程。5.morethan和含有情態(tài)動詞的句子連用，有否定意義，表示“是……難以……”或“超過了……所能”之義。例如：（1）ThebeautyofthemountainouscountryismorethanIcandescribe.我難以描述那個山村的美麗。（2）ThisproblemismorethanachildlikeJackcansettle.這一問題超出了像杰克這樣的小孩的解決能力。6.nomorethan意思是“僅僅，不過，只是”。例如：（1）Allhiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.他接受的所有的學(xué)校教育只有一年。（2）Theirnewflathasnomorethan60squaremetres.他們的新居只有60平方米。7.notmorethan表示“至多，不超過”，例如：Lyingonthegroundwasapeasantboyofnotmorethanseventeen.躺在地上的那個農(nóng)家男孩最多十七歲YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herteachingskills.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.22.WhatisthereasonforO?Connor?sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RosaPark.24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.答案及解析:知識點：人物傳記/故事類閱讀文章介紹了四位偉大的女性：JaneAddams,RachelCarson,SandraDayO’Connor,RosaParks的具體貢獻(xiàn)及影響。21.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JaneAddams部分的AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.可知JaneAddams在歷史上主要以她的社會工作而出名，貢獻(xiàn)A.22.C本小題考查考生理解文中具體信息的能力。首先迅速找到O’Connor段落。根據(jù)本段“shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman”可知她被拒絕是因為她是女性，這是對女性的性別歧視。本題學(xué)生出錯多半是因為discrimination一詞不熟悉。23.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RosaParks部分的Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.可知RosaParks因在公交車上拒絕為白人讓座而拉開了民權(quán)運動的序幕，所以她對美國民權(quán)運動做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)D.24.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知JaneAddams是第一個獲諾貝爾和平獎的美國女性；RachelCarson的作品SilentSpring提高了人們對污染的危險性和化學(xué)物質(zhì)對人類和環(huán)境的危害性的認(rèn)識；SandraDayO’Connor是美國首位聯(lián)邦最高法院女法官；RosaParks的行為拉開了民權(quán)運動的序幕；她們都是先鋒者，故選C.推理判斷題的解題方法：推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的題目。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了做出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。此類題要求在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含的意思和深層的意思，也就是通過文章中的文字信息，上下邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者沒有直接表達(dá)的態(tài)度和觀點。另外hear聽見hearof/about聽說hearfrom收到某人的來信of/among+n/代詞表示范圍在所有的……中outstanding杰出的listn清單v列清單非謂語動詞n與后面的非謂語動詞如果是主謂關(guān)系那么非謂語動詞用doingn與后面的非謂語動詞如果是動賓關(guān)系那么非謂語動詞用donein/duringthepast100years在過去的100年里thank/appreciate/gratefulthank作為及物動詞，常用搭配是thanksb(forsth/fordoingsth)，如：Shesaidgoodbyeandthankedusforcoming.thank表示“感謝”，習(xí)慣上只接“人”作賓語，而不能接“事”作賓語：正：Thankyouforyourhelp.誤：Thankyourhelp.另外的用法：havesbtothankfor(doing)sth歸功于，如：Ihavemyparentstothankformysuccess.appreciate作為“感激”解釋時是及物動詞，常用搭配：appreciatedoingsth，后跟動名詞或代詞it代指的事情。習(xí)慣上只能接“事”作賓語(object)，而不能接“人”作賓語：正：I'dappreciatesomehelp.誤：I'dappreciateyouforsomehelp.appreciate也指“欣賞”“意識到”grateful沒有相應(yīng)的動詞，它的常用搭配是begratefultosbforsth，或者后面跟不定式或that從句，如：Iamextremelygratefultoalltheteachersfortheirhelp.Asenseof+n……感/意識asenseofhunger饑餓感responsibility責(zé)任感humor幽默感direction方向感belonging歸屬感shelter避難所promote促進(jìn)/推進(jìn)/提升peopleinneed需要幫助的人inneed需要幫助的/困難的afriendinneedisafriendindeed患難見真情indeed確實exist存在therebe=thereexistraise舉起，抬高/籌集/養(yǎng)育/提升是及物動詞區(qū)別于rise上升是個不及物動詞用于日月云煙霧熱氣，河水物價溫度計的上升awareness意識beawareof意識到=beconsciousof意識到effectonsb/sth對于……的影響firm公司/堅固的state州/國家/狀況，情況supreme最高的=top.Court法院case案例/情形setoff出發(fā)/開始/引起/點燃landn土地v著陸/放……到……中Boycott聯(lián)合抵制kickoff踢開/使開始civil公民的-rights人權(quán)right正確的/權(quán)利Betiredwith/from因為……而累betiredof厭倦……noten筆記v注意/記錄noted著名的benotedfor=befamousfor=beknownfor因為……而出名discriminate歧視Financial財政的makeacontribution做出貢獻(xiàn)GrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudyby,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.”Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?AA．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?DA．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?CA．Theywereunsureofthemselves.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?AA.Makedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirown.B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter短文分析：本文是一篇關(guān)于人與社會問題的報道類夾敘夾議文本，通過描述部分祖父母選擇搬去和孩子們生活在一起，以便為孩子們提供幫助，引發(fā)更多人的選擇與思考。包含了考查考生對某種社會現(xiàn)象的觀察與思考能力，同時弘揚了愛幼與尊老的美德。題目設(shè)置上考查了獲取細(xì)節(jié)類具體信息的能力，同時也考查了考生對某個事實的理解判斷能力。考生可根據(jù)題干問題，定位有效信息，再進(jìn)行甄別思考。25.A本小題考查考生理解文中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.”可知這次搬家給他們帶來了更緊密的家庭聯(lián)系。26.D本小題考查考生理解文中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段結(jié)尾處“...83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.”可知83%的人認(rèn)為Mrs.Robinson的決定會影響美國家庭，2/3的人相信更多家庭會效仿，所以“多數(shù)人認(rèn)為這是一種趨勢?！?7.C本小題考查考生簡單判斷和推理的能力。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”可知那時的人們一心希望離家越遠(yuǎn)越好、越快越好。本題出錯主要原因在于考生對“can’t...enough表示越……越好”不熟悉，而按字面理解成了“沒能力離家足夠遠(yuǎn)”。28.A本小題考查作者的觀點態(tài)度。第四段首句“Movingisnotforeveryone”已經(jīng)說明“移居并非適合每一個人”，再結(jié)合下文“Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.”可知“（祖父母）得知孩子們在異地艱苦的生活，是很難過的，但（祖父母）放棄自己熟悉的生活也許會更難過”，所以推斷出作者建議“作選擇時要慎重，要以自己最大的需求為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。備考建議：社會現(xiàn)象類的文本是備考的重要部分，此類文本不僅要求學(xué)生讀懂事實信息，還要理解作者的意圖態(tài)度。所以備考中注意掃清用詞句式等閱讀障礙，更要教會學(xué)生讀懂字里行間話外之音。題目設(shè)置上既關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)信息，又關(guān)注推理判斷和觀點態(tài)度。另外Makeacall打電話answeracall接電話native本地人genaration代only+狀語(時間狀語/方式狀語……)位于句首，句子用半倒裝(即be動詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞提前)如:onlyinthisway,canwegetintoagooduniversity.視……為……regard/treat/consider/view/thinkof/takesthassthtreathimasmybestfriendseparate分離的，分開的statistics數(shù)據(jù)evidence證據(jù)suggest建議/暗示/表明=showtrend趨勢carefor=lookafter=takecareof照顧20世紀(jì)80年代inthe1980S/inthe1980‘S分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá):子基母序，分子大于1.分母加S.加連字符不加連字符都行1/3onethird2/3twothirdsOnone‘sown某人自己bewillingtosth愿意做某事make.sacrifice做出犧牲instead反而；代替；反倒struggle掙扎enablesbtodosth使某人做某事strengen加強(qiáng)tiev系n領(lǐng)帶，關(guān)系reaction反應(yīng)respond回應(yīng)sympathetic同情的sympath同情Wewerealittlewildandcouldnotgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown.注意特殊句式cannotdo……too/enough……無論怎么做也不過分Icannotpraisethisfilmhighlyenough.=Icannotpraisethisfilmtoomuch.=Icanhardlypraisethisfilmtoohighly.這部電影無論怎樣贊揚都不過分。Cannot中的not可以與hardly,never等替換。Interest興趣/利息，利益，好處CIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.provider

B.deliveryman

C.collector

D.medicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon.

B.ToNewark.

C.ToProvidence.

D.ToWashington.短文分析：本文是一篇記敘文，講述作者是一名志愿者，在一次運送干細(xì)胞時遭遇到颶風(fēng)，航班推遲，在機(jī)場工作人員熱心幫助下改道Newark順利完成任務(wù)的故事。無論是作者的志愿者身份，還是機(jī)場工作人員的無私幫助，都體現(xiàn)了助人為樂予人玫瑰的積極思想。本文無論是文章內(nèi)容還是題目設(shè)置，都比較簡單。試題分析：29.B本小題考查考生詞義猜測的能力。根據(jù)“...I’vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittlebox...”可知我的任務(wù)就是運送干細(xì)胞，所以猜測詞義為“運送人員”。30.D本小題考查考生理解文中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段“...becauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast”可知作者的兩個冰袋只能維持這么長時間。31.B本小題考查考生理解文中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段“Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark...”可知作者途經(jīng)Newark再返回UK。此題考生出錯主要是被“...gotmebacktotheUK”所干擾，忽視了細(xì)節(jié)。備考建議：記敘文屬于高考必備篇目。本題型通常文本較簡單，多采用第一人稱視角，給考生以身臨其境的直觀感受。題目設(shè)置上以考查具體信息為主。備考時主要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀速度與精度，考查學(xué)生是否能迅速抓住大意并準(zhǔn)確找到題目出處的能力和適當(dāng)結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容推理判斷等的能力。另外Stemcell干細(xì)胞stem莖stemfrom來源于……Courier導(dǎo)游/信使(傳遞信息或文件的)/通訊員packn包裹v打包harvest收獲/獲得implant移植atmost至多atleast至少hurricane颶風(fēng)beconsciousof=beawareof意識到有覺悟consciously自覺地，有意識地be/getcaught被困pickup撿起/搭載/偶然學(xué)到check-indesk檢查臺bemeanttodosth應(yīng)該做某事/命中注定做某事flight航班urgent急切的，迫切的hold握住/容納/舉辦/保留，保存original最初的schedualn時刻表v安排stayawayfrom與……保持距離/遠(yuǎn)離……lastv持續(xù)operation手術(shù)/操作Compete競爭completeadj完整的v完成completewith具有配套的……Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasinessorworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(間隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemea